Breast Implant Evaluation

Variant: 1 Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis screening	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography screening	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 2 Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 3 Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 4 Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Appropriate	☢☢
US breast	May Be Appropriate	O
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 5 Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Asymptomatic. Less than 5 years after implant placement. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 6 Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging at 5 to 6 years after implant placement and follow-up imaging every 2 to 3 years after initial negative imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 7 Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	O
US breast	May Be Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 8 Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	O
US breast	May Be Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 9 Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	O
US breast	May Be Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 10 Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Not Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 11 Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 12 Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	Usually Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	Usually Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Variant: 13 Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.

Procedure	Appropriateness Category	Relative Radiation Level
US breast	Usually Appropriate	O
MRI breast without and with IV contrast	Usually Appropriate	O
Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
Mammography diagnostic	May Be Appropriate	☢☢
MRI breast without IV contrast	Usually Not Appropriate	O

Panel Members

Debbie L. Bennett, MD^a, Ann Brown, MD^b, Phoebe E. Freer, MD^c, Manisha Bahl, MD, MPH^d, Elizabeth H. Dibble, MD^e, Heather I. Greenwood, MD^f, Lillian K. Ivansco, MD, MPH^g, Jaime D. Lewis, MD^h, Adeyiza Olutoyin Momoh, MDⁱ, Lisa A. Mullen, MD^j, Colleen H. Neal, MD^k, Yogitha Potini, MD^l, Gaiane M. Rauch, MD, PhD^m, Beatriu Reig, MD, MPHⁿ, Gary A. Ulaner, MD, PhD^o, Alana A. Lewin, MD^p

Summary of Literature Review

Introduction/Background

Special Imaging Considerations

Initial Imaging Definition

Initial imaging is defined as imaging at the beginning of the care episode for the medical condition defined by the variant. More than one procedure can be considered usually appropriate in the initial imaging evaluation when:

There are procedures that are equivalent alternatives (ie, only one procedure will be ordered to provide the clinical information to effectively manage the patient’s care)

There are complementary procedures (ie, more than one procedure is ordered as a set or simultaneously wherein each procedure provides unique clinical information to effectively manage the patient’s care).

Discussion of Procedures by Variant

Variant 1:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.

Variant 1:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis screening

Variant 1:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography screening

Variant 1:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 1:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 1:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 2:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.

Variant 2:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 2:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 2:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 2:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 2:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 3:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.

Variant 3:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 3:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 3:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 3:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 3:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 4:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.

Variant 4:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 4:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 4:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 4:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 4:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of saline breast implants. Suspected implant rupture. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 5:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Asymptomatic. Less than 5 years after implant placement. Initial imaging.

Variant 5:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Asymptomatic. Less than 5 years after implant placement. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 5:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Asymptomatic. Less than 5 years after implant placement. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 6:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Asymptomatic. Initial imaging at 5 to 6 years after implant placement and follow-up imaging every 2 to 3 years after initial negative imaging.

Variant 7:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.

Variant 7:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 7:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 7:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 7:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 7:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 8:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.

Variant 8:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 8:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 8:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 8:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 8:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 9:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.

Variant 9:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 9:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 9:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 9:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 9:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of silicone breast implants. Suspected implant complication. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 10:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.

Variant 10:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 10:Adult younger than 30 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 11:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.

Variant 11:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 11:Adult 30 to 39 years of age. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 12:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.

Variant 12:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 12:Adult age 40 years or older. Female or transfeminine. Evaluation of unexplained axillary adenopathy. Silicone breast implants current or prior. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Variant 13:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.

Variant 13:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.
A. Digital breast tomosynthesis diagnostic

Variant 13:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.
B. Mammography diagnostic

Variant 13:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.
C. MRI breast without and with IV contrast

Variant 13:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.
D. MRI breast without IV contrast

Variant 13:Adult of any age. Female or transfeminine. Suspected breast implant-associated malignancy. Breast implant of any type. Initial imaging.
E. US breast

Supporting Documents

The evidence table, literature search, and appendix for this topic are available at https://acsearch.acr.org/list. The appendix includes the strength of evidence assessment and the final rating round tabulations for each recommendation.

For additional information on the Appropriateness Criteria methodology and other supporting documents, please go to the ACR website at https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Clinical-Tools-and-Reference/Appropriateness-Criteria.

Gender Equality and Inclusivity Clause

The ACR acknowledges the limitations in applying inclusive language when citing research studies that predates the use of the current understanding of language inclusive of diversity in sex, intersex, gender, and gender-diverse people. The data variables regarding sex and gender used in the cited literature will not be changed. However, this guideline will use the terminology and definitions as proposed by the National Institutes of Health.

Appropriateness Category Names and Definitions

Appropriateness Category Name	Appropriateness Rating	Appropriateness Category Definition
Usually Appropriate	7, 8, or 9	The imaging procedure or treatment is indicated in the specified clinical scenarios at a favorable risk-benefit ratio for patients.
May Be Appropriate	4, 5, or 6	The imaging procedure or treatment may be indicated in the specified clinical scenarios as an alternative to imaging procedures or treatments with a more favorable risk-benefit ratio, or the risk-benefit ratio for patients is equivocal.
May Be Appropriate (Disagreement)	5	The individual ratings are too dispersed from the panel median. The different label provides transparency regarding the panel’s recommendation. “May be appropriate” is the rating category and a rating of 5 is assigned.
Usually Not Appropriate	1, 2, or 3	The imaging procedure or treatment is unlikely to be indicated in the specified clinical scenarios, or the risk-benefit ratio for patients is likely to be unfavorable.

Relative Radiation Level Information

Potential adverse health effects associated with radiation exposure are an important factor to consider when selecting the appropriate imaging procedure. Because there is a wide range of radiation exposures associated with different diagnostic procedures, a relative radiation level (RRL) indication has been included for each imaging examination. The RRLs are based on effective dose, which is a radiation dose quantity that is used to estimate population total radiation risk associated with an imaging procedure. Patients in the pediatric age group are at inherently higher risk from exposure, because of both organ sensitivity and longer life expectancy (relevant to the long latency that appears to accompany radiation exposure). For these reasons, the RRL dose estimate ranges for pediatric examinations are lower as compared with those specified for adults (see Table below). Additional information regarding radiation dose assessment for imaging examinations can be found in the ACR Appropriateness Criteria^® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction document.

Relative Radiation Level Designations
Relative Radiation Level*	Adult Effective Dose Estimate Range	Pediatric Effective Dose Estimate Range
O	0 mSv	0 mSv
☢	<0.1 mSv	<0.03 mSv
☢☢	0.1-1 mSv	0.03-0.3 mSv
☢☢☢	1-10 mSv	0.3-3 mSv
☢☢☢☢	10-30 mSv	3-10 mSv
☢☢☢☢☢	30-100 mSv	10-30 mSv
*RRL assignments for some of the examinations cannot be made, because the actual patient doses in these procedures vary as a function of a number of factors (e.g., region of the body exposed to ionizing radiation, the imaging guidance that is used). The RRLs for these examinations are designated as “Varies.”

1.	Niell BL, Jochelson MS, Amir T, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria R Female Breast Cancer Screening: 2023 Update. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 21(6S):S126-S143, 2024 Jun.J. Am. Coll. Radiol.. 21(6S):S126-S143, 2024 Jun.
2.	Brown A, Lourenco AP, Niell BL, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Transgender Breast Cancer Screening. J Am Coll Radiol 2021;18:S502-S15.
3.	Middleton MS.. MR evaluation of breast implants. [Review]. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(3):591-608, 2014 May.

Disclaimer

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.