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Variant 1: Sudden onset severe headache that reaches maximal severity within one hour. Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
CT head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Moderate ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 9 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 17
References Study Quality
17 (26797666) M
16 (25862794) 2
12 (29274685) 4
11 (30007749) 4
CTA head with IV contrast May be appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 6 6 1 0 0 0 6 6 4 1 0
References Study Quality
12 (29274685) 4
11 (30007749) 4
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
References Study Quality
12 (29274685) 4
11 (30007749) 4
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
11 (30007749) 4
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
11 (30007749) 4
12 (29274685) 4
MRI head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
19 (16628051) 2
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 10 4 2 0 1 2 0 0 0
References Study Quality
11 (30007749) 4
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 2 2 8 4 3 1 1 2 0 0 0
References Study Quality
11 (30007749) 4
MRV head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 2 2 8 4 3 1 2 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
11 (30007749) 4
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
CTV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 3 3 6 3 5 0 3 1 1 0 0
References Study Quality
11 (30007749) 4
Variant 2: Primary migraine or tension-type headache. Normal neurologic examination. Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
MRI head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
26 (15606567) 3
24 (27441999) 4
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
MRV head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 0
CT head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
References Study Quality
26 (15606567) 3
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
CTV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Variant 3: Primary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (eg, cluster headache). Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 8 8 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 5 7
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
MRI head without IV contrast May be appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 4 4 7 0 2 2 7 0 0 0 0
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 1
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 2 4 0 1 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
MRV head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 3 3 0 1 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 1
CT head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 10 3 2 1 2 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
CTV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
34 (26857820) 4
33 (26092512) 4
31 (17210806) 4
30 (30074553) 2
Variant 4: Headache with features of intracranial hypertension (eg, papilledema, pulsatile tinnitus, visual symptoms worse on Valsalva). Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 8 8 0 0 1 1 1 1 5 5 5
References Study Quality
37 (12893694) 3
MRI head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Strong O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 7 7 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 3 6
References Study Quality
35 (22309765) 2
41 (22268442) 2
42 (2409390) 4
CT head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 7 7 0 1 0 0 0 2 8 2 6
References Study Quality
37 (12893694) 3
MRV head with IV contrast May be appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 6 6 0 1 0 0 6 10 1 0 0
References Study Quality
38 (23615489) 2
MRV head without and with IV contrast May be appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 6 6 0 0 1 0 7 8 1 1 0
References Study Quality
38 (23615489) 2
MRV head without IV contrast May be appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 6 6 0 0 1 0 7 9 1 0 0
References Study Quality
38 (23615489) 2
CTV head with IV contrast May be appropriate Strong ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 6 6 0 0 1 2 4 8 3 1 0
References Study Quality
40 (30762716) 4
39 (26084237) 2
38 (23615489) 2
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 0 2 0 3 1 1 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Variant 5: Headache with features of intracranial hypotension (eg, positional, worse when upright, better when lying down). Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 9 9 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 2 12
MRI thoracic spine with IV contrast May be appropriate (Disagreement) Expert Opinion O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 5 5 5 1 0 0 8 4 0 0 0
MRI thoracic spine without and with IV contrast May be appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 5 5 1 1 0 0 12 3 1 0 0
MRI thoracic spine without IV contrast May be appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 5 5 1 0 0 0 9 4 3 0 1
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 1 4 0 1 1 1 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 1 4 0 1 1 1 0 0
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
MRI head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 0 2 3 2 0 0 0 0
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 0 2 0 3 1 1 0 0
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 0 2 1 3 0 1 0 0
MRV head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 0 2 1 3 0 1 0 0
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
CT head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 1 4 1 0 1 1 0 0
CTV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 2 2 9 2 4 2 1 0 1 0 0
Variant 6: Headache with new onset or pattern during pregnancy or peripartum period. Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MRI head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 6 7
References Study Quality
50 (33775330) 4
47 (26291282) 3
30 (30074553) 2
CT head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Moderate ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 7 7 2 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 6
References Study Quality
17 (26797666) M
16 (25862794) 2
12 (29274685) 4
11 (30007749) 4
MRV head without IV contrast May be appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 6 6 2 0 0 0 3 8 5 0 1
References Study Quality
12 (29274685) 4
CTV head with IV contrast May be appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 5 5 2 0 0 1 10 5 0 0 0
References Study Quality
12 (29274685) 4
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
12 (29274685) 4
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
References Study Quality
12 (29274685) 4
11 (30007749) 4
Variant 7: Headache with one or more of the following “red flags”: increasing frequency or severity, fever or neurologic deficit, history of cancer or immunocompromise, older age (>50 years) of onset, or posttraumatic onset. Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 9 9 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 11
References Study Quality
53 (19068162) 4
37 (12893694) 3
MRI head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 3 5
References Study Quality
37 (12893694) 3
53 (19068162) 4
CT head without IV contrast Usually appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 7 7 1 0 0 1 1 2 7 2 5
References Study Quality
56 (24228072) 4
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
56 (24228072) 4
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 12 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 1
References Study Quality
53 (19068162) 4
MRV head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 2 2 9 1 3 2 2 0 1 0 1
References Study Quality
53 (19068162) 4
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 10 1 2 3 3 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
56 (24228072) 4
CTV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 11 0 3 3 1 1 0 0 0
Variant 8: Headache without any of the following “red flags”: sudden onset ("thunderclap"), features of intracranial hypertension or hypotension, new onset or pattern during pregnancy or peripartum period, increasing frequency or severity, fever or neurologic deficit, history of cancer or immunocompromise, older age (greater than 50 years of age) of onset, or post-traumatic onset. Initial imaging.
Procedure Appropriateness Category SOE Adult RRL Peds RRL Rating Median Final Tabulations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Arteriography cervicocerebral Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 16 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
MRA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
MRA head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
MRA head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
MRI head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
MRI head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
References Study Quality
60 (11345271) 4
MRV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 0 1 2 0 1 0 0
MRV head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 0
MRV head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus O 0 mSv O 0 mSv [ped] 1 1 13 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 0
CT head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
CT head without and with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 15 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
CT head without IV contrast Usually not appropriate Limited ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢ 0.3-3 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
References Study Quality
61 (-3195131) 4
60 (11345271) 4
26 (15606567) 3
CTA head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
CTV head with IV contrast Usually not appropriate Expert Consensus ☢☢☢ 1-10 mSv ☢☢☢☢ 3-10 mSv [ped] 1 1 14 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Appendix Key

A more complete discussion of the items presented below can be found by accessing the supporting documents at the designated hyperlinks.

Appropriateness Category:The panel’s recommendation for a procedure based on the assessment of the risks and benefits of performing the procedure for the specified clinical scenario.

SOE: Strength of Evidence. The assessment of the amount and quality of evidence found in the peer reviewed medical literature for an appropriateness recommendation.

  • References: The citation number and PMID for the reference(s) associated with the recommendation.
  • Study Quality: The assessment of the quality of an individual reference based on the number of study quality elements described in the reference.

RRL: Relative Radiation Level. A population based assessment of the amount of radiation a typical patient may be exposed to during the specified procedure.

Rating: The final rating (1-9 scale) for the procedure as determined by the panel during rating rounds.

Median: The median rating (1-9 scale) for the procedure as determined by the panel during rating rounds.

Final tabulations: A histogram showing the number of panel members who rated the procedure as noted in the column heading (ie, 1, 2, 3, etc.).

Additional supporting documents about the AC methodology and processes can be found at www.acr.org/ac.