| 1. Bluemke DA. MRI of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. AJR. 2010; 195(4):935-940. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present current clinical and research issues in MRI evaluation of nonischemic cardiomyopathy, a diverse set of diseases, many of which have a genetic basis. |
Cardiac cine MRI along with delayed myocardial enhancement MRI and other MRI techniques can provide information beyond echocardiography for tissue characterization. MRI is increasingly being used for evaluation of genetically positive, phenotypically negative patients as well as for risk stratification. |
4 |
| 2. Rajiah P, Raza S, Saboo SS, Ghoshhajra B, Abbara S. Update on the Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Acquired Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies. [Review]. Journal of Thoracic Imaging. 31(6):348-366, 2016 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To update on the Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Acquired Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 3. Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 29(2):270-6, 2008 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
No abstract available. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 4. Arbustini E, Narula N, Tavazzi L, et al. The MOGE(S) classification of cardiomyopathy for clinicians. [Review][Erratum appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Sep 16;64(11):1186 Note: Bonow, Robert D [Corrected to Bonow, Robert O]]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 64(3):304-18, 2014 Jul 22. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the MOGE(S) classification of cardiomyopathy for clinicians. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 5. McKenna WJ, Maron BJ, Thiene G. Classification, Epidemiology, and Global Burden of Cardiomyopathies. [Review]. Circulation Research. 121(7):722-730, 2017 Sep 15. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the classification, epidemiology and global burden of cardiomyopathies. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 6. Follath F. Nonischemic heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and progression of disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1999; 33 Suppl 3:S31-35. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology and progression of nonischemic heart failure in patients. |
In ambulatory and hospitalized patients with clinically manifest heart failure primary, cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in 2-15%, while in recent large scale therapeutic trials the proportion of patients with nonischemic heart failure ranged from 18% to 53%. There is epidemiological evidence that, in general, the prognosis of nonischemic heart failure is better than in ischemic heart failure. Therapeutic responses to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, amlodipine and amiodarone were also different in some studies. The outcome of nonischemic heart failure is better even in transplant candidates with the most advanced stages of heart failure, they survive longer and respond better to intensified drug regimens than patients with similar clinical severity of ischemic heart failure. |
4 |
| 7. White RD, Kirsch J, Bolen MA, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected New-Onset and Known Nonacute Heart Failure. J Am Coll Radiol 2018;15:S418-S31. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for suspected new-onset and known nonacute heart failure. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 8. Expert Panel on Cardiac Imaging:, Vogel-Claussen J, Elshafee ASM, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria R Dyspnea-Suspected Cardiac Origin. [Review]. J. Am. Coll. Radiol.. 14(5S):S127-S137, 2017 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for dyspnea-suspected cardiac origin. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 9. Ardehali H, Qasim A, Cappola T, et al. Endomyocardial biopsy plays a role in diagnosing patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 147(5):919-23, 2004 May. |
Observational-Dx |
845 patients |
To evaluate the utility of endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx) in confirming or excluding a clinically suspected diagnosis. |
The final diagnosis differed from the initial clinical diagnosis in 264 (31%) of these patients; EMBx made the diagnosis in 196 (75%) of these cases. Initial diagnoses most frequently altered were myocarditis (34%) and idiopathic cardiomyopathy (25%). Initial diagnoses least likely to be altered were those in which biopsy was used to confirm or grade a previously documented illness, such as hemochromatosis (11%), amyloidosis (18%), or cardiomyopathy secondary to doxorubicin toxicity (0%). EMBx was more sensitive than clinical diagnosis in detecting myocarditis and amyloidosis, and proved to be very specific in detecting ischemic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, amyloidosis, and hemochromatosis. |
3 |
| 10. American College of Radiology. ACR–NASCI–SIR–SPR Practice Parameter for the Performance and Interpretation of Body Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/body-cta.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Guidance document to promote the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology by describing specific training, skills and techniques. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 11. Chan J, Shiino K, Obonyo NG, et al. Left Ventricular Global Strain Analysis by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: The Learning Curve. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 30(11):1081-1090, 2017 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
100 patients |
To determine the learning curve in different groups of observers for global strain analysis (global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS)) and to evaluate the number of studies that are required to achieve competency with equivalence to an expert. In addition, another aim was to determine whether there is a differential learning curve between different groups of observers: cardiologists versus cardiac sonographers versus medical students; and whether there will be a difference in their training requirements to achieve competency. |
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) had uniform learning curves and was the easiest to learn, requiring a minimum of 50 patients to achieve expert competency (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9) in all three groups over a period of 3 months. Prior background knowledge in echocardiography is an influential factor affecting the learning for interobserver reproducibility and time efficiency. Short-axis strain analysis using global circumferential stain and global radial strain did not yield a comprehensive learning curve, and expert level was not achieved by the end of the study. |
2 |
| 12. Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 29(4):277-314, 2016 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To simplify the recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography and thus increase the utility of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines in daily clinical practice. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 13. Porter TR, Mulvagh SL, Abdelmoneim SS, et al. Clinical Applications of Ultrasonic Enhancing Agents in Echocardiography: 2018 American Society of Echocardiography Guidelines Update. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 31(3):241-274, 2018 03. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide an update to the 2018 American Society of Echocardiography Guidelines since the 2008 American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) consensus statement on clinical applications of ultrasound enhancing agents. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 14. Harinstein ME, Soman P. Radionuclide Imaging Applications in Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure. [Review]. Current Cardiology Reports. 18(3):23, 2016 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review established and evolving applications of radionuclide imaging for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of HF. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 15. Kalisz K, Rajiah P. Computed tomography of cardiomyopathies. [Review]. Cardiovascular Diagnosis & Therapy. 7(5):539-556, 2017 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the imaging techniques and specific applications of CT in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 16. Asferg C, Usinger L, Kristensen TS, Abdulla J. Accuracy of multi-slice computed tomography for measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [Review]. Eur J Radiol. 81(5):e757-62, 2012 May. |
Meta-analysis |
27 studies |
To evaluate, via a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, whether Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) can assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with high accuracy compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). |
The results of combining 12 studies showed no significant difference in LVEF% between MSCT and MRI with a WMD of -0.11 (-1.48, 1.26, 95% CI), p = 0.88. Bland–Altman analysis showed excellent agreement between MSCT and MRI with a bias of 0.0 (-3.7, 3.7 ± 1.96SD) with 95% CI. The results of combining 15 studies showed no significant difference in LVEF between MSCT versus TTE measurements with a WMD of 0.19 (-1.13 to 1.50; 95% CI), p = 0.87. Bland–Altman analysis showed excellent agreement between MSCT and TTE with a bias of 0.3 (-4.7, 5.7 ± 1.96SD) with 95% CI. |
Good |
| 17. Greupner J, Zimmermann E, Grohmann A, et al. Head-to-head comparison of left ventricular function assessment with 64-row computed tomography, biplane left cineventriculography, and both 2- and 3-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging as the reference standard.[Erratum appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Jul 31;60(5):481 Note: Althoff, Till [corrected to Althoff, Till F]]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 59(21):1897-907, 2012 May 22. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To compare the accuracy of 64-row contrast computed tomography (CT), invasive cineventriculography (CVG), 2-dimensional echocardiography (2D Echo), and 3-dimensional echocardiography (3D Echo) for left ventricular (LV) function assessment with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
For the global EF, Bland-Altman analysis showed significantly higher agreement between CT and MRI (p < 0.005, 95% confidence interval: +-14.2%) than for CVG (+-20.2%) and 3D Echo (+-21.2%). Only CVG (59.5 +- 13.9%, p = 0.03) significantly overestimated EF in comparison with MRI (55.6 +- 16.0%). CT showed significantly better agreement for stroke volume than 2D Echo, 3D Echo, and CVG. In comparison with MRI, CVG—but not CT—significantly overestimated the end-diastolic volume (p < 0.001), whereas 2D Echo and 3D Echo significantly underestimated the EDV (p 0.05). There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy (range: 76% to 88%) for regional LV function assessment between the 4 methods when compared with MRI. Interobserveragreement for EF showed high intraclass correlation for 64-row CT, MRI, 2D Echo, and 3D Echo (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.8), whereas agreement was lower for CVG (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.58). |
1 |
| 18. Lee HJ, Im DJ, Youn JC, et al. Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction with Dual-Energy Equilibrium Contrast-enhanced Cardiac CT in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Comparison with Cardiac MR Imaging. Radiology. 280(1):49-57, 2016 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
23 patients and 7 healthy subjects |
To evaluate the feasibility of equilibrium contrast material–enhanced dual-energy cardiac computed tomography (CT) to determine extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (CMP) compared with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
Hematocrit level was 43.44% +- 1.80 for healthy subjects and 41.23% +- 5.61 for patients with MR imaging (P = .16) and 43.50% +- 1.92 for healthy subjects and 41.35% +- 5.92 for patients with CT (P = .15). For observer 1 in per-subject analysis, ECV was 34.18% +- 8.98 for MR imaging and 34.48% +- 8.97 for CT. For observer 2, myocardial ECV was 34.42% +- 9.03 for MR imaging and 33.98% +- 9.05 for CT. Interobserver agreement for ECV at CT was excellent (ICC = 0.987). Bland- Altman analysis between MR imaging and CT showed a small bias (20.06%), with 95% limits of agreement of 21.19 and 1.79. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with hypertrophic CMP, dilated CMP, amyloidosis, and sarcoidosis had significantly higher myocardial ECV at dual-energy equilibrium contrast-enhanced cardiac CT (all P < .01) in per-segment analysis. |
2 |
| 19. Buss SJ, Schulz F, Mereles D, et al. Quantitative analysis of left ventricular strain using cardiac computed tomography. European Journal of Radiology. 83(3):e123-30, 2014 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
27 patients |
To investigate whether cardiac computed tomography (CCT) can determine left ventricular (LV) radial, circumferential and longitudinal myocardial deformation in comparison to two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with congestive heart failure. |
Close correlations were observed for both techniques regarding global strain (r = 0.93, r = 0.87 and r = 0.84 for radial, circumferential and longitudinal strain, respectively, p < 0.001 for all). Similar trends were observed for regional radial, longitudinal and circumferential strain (r = 0.88, r = 0.84 and r = 0.94,respectively, p < 0.001 for all). The number of non-diagnostic myocardial segments was significantly higher with echocardiography than with CCT (9.6% versus 1.9%, p < 0.001). In addition, the required time for complete quantitative strain analysis was significantly shorter for CCT compared to echocardiography(877 ± 119 s per patient versus 1105 ± 258 s per patient, p < 0.001). |
3 |
| 20. Boogers MJ, van Werkhoven JM, Schuijf JD, et al. Feasibility of diastolic function assessment with cardiac CT: feasibility study in comparison with tissue Doppler imaging. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 4(3):246-56, 2011 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
70 patients |
To demonstrate the feasibility of multidetector row computed tomography (CT) for assessment of diastolic function in comparison with 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). |
Seventy patients (46 men; mean age 55 +- 11 years) who had undergone cardiac CT and 2D echocardiography with TDI were included. Good correlations were observed between cardiac CT and 2D echocardiography for assessment of E (r = 0.73; p < 0.01), E/A (r = 0.87; p < 0.01), Ea (r = 0.82; p < 0.01), and E/Ea (r =0.81; p < 0.01). Moreover, a good diagnostic accuracy (79%) was found for detection of diastolic dysfunction using cardiac CT. Finally, the study showed a low intraobserver and interobserver variability for assessment of diastolic function on cardiac CT. |
2 |
| 21. Captur G, Manisty C, Moon JC. Cardiac MRI evaluation of myocardial disease. [Review]. Heart. 102(18):1429-35, 2016 09 15. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review cardiac MRI evaluation of myocardial disease. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 22. O'Donnell DH, Abbara S, Chaithiraphan V, et al. Cardiac MR imaging of nonischemic cardiomyopathies: imaging protocols and spectra of appearances.[Erratum appears in Radiology. 2015 Oct;277(1):308; PMID: 26402503]. Radiology. 262(2):403-22, 2012 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present recommended cardiac MR protocols for and the spectrum of imaging appearances of the nonischemic cardiomyopathies. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 23. Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, et al. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI).[Erratum appears in J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2018 Feb 7;20(1):9; PMID: 29415744]. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 19(1):75, 2017 Oct 09. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide a summary of the existing evidence for the clinical value of parametric mapping in the heart as of mid 2017, and gives recommendations for practical use in different clinical scenarios for scientists, clinicians, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) manufacturers. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 24. Moon JC, Messroghli DR, Kellman P, et al. Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. [Review]. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 15:92, 2013 Oct 14. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide recommendations for clinical and research T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement, based on published evidence when available and expert consensus whennot. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 25. Indik JH, Gimbel JR, Abe H, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. [Review]. Heart Rhythm. 14(7):e97-e153, 2017 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
This 2017 Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement is to help cardiologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and other health care professionals involved in the the care of adult and pediatric patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) who are to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and/or radiation treatment. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 26. Nazarian S, Hansford R, Roguin A, et al. A prospective evaluation of a protocol for magnetic resonance imaging of patients with implanted cardiac devices. Ann Intern Med. 2011; 155(7):415-424. |
Observational-Dx |
438 patients with devices who underwent 555 MRI studies |
To define the safety of a protocol for MRI at the commonly used magnetic strength of 1.5 T in patients with implanted cardiac devices. |
In 3 patients (0.7% [95% CI, 0% to 1.5%]), the device reverted to a transient back-up programming mode without long-term effects. Right ventricular (RV) sensing (median change, 0 mV [interquartile range {IQR}, -0.7 to 0 V]) and atrial and right and left ventricular lead impedances (median change, -2 O [IQR, -13 to 0 O], -4 O [IQR, -16 to 0 O], and -11 O [IQR, -40 to 0 O], respectively) were reduced immediately after MRI. At long-term follow-up (61% of patients), decreased RV sensing (median, 0 mV, [IQR, -1.1 to 0.3 mV]), decreased RV lead impedance (median, -3 O, [IQR, -29 to 15 O]), increased RV capture threshold (median, 0 V, IQR, [0 to 0.2 O]), and decreased battery voltage (median, -0.01 V, IQR, -0.04 to 0 V) were noted. The observed changes did not require device revision or reprogramming. With appropriate precautions, MRI can be done safely in patients with selected cardiac devices. Because changes in device variables and programming may occur, electrophysiologic monitoring during MRI is essential. |
4 |
| 27. Russo RJ, Costa HS, Silva PD, et al. Assessing the Risks Associated with MRI in Patients with a Pacemaker or Defibrillator. N Engl J Med. 376(8):755-764, 2017 02 23. |
Observational-Dx |
1000 patients (pacemaker), 500 patients (ICD) |
To determine the risks associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 tesla for patients who had a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) that was "non-MRI-conditional" (i.e., not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for MRI scanning). |
MRI was performed in 1000 cases in which patients had a pacemaker and in 500 cases in which patients had an ICD. No deaths, lead failures, losses of capture, or ventricular arrhythmias occurred during MRI. One ICD generator could not be interrogated after MRI and required immediate replacement; the device had not been appropriately programmed per protocol before the MRI. We observed six cases of self-terminating atrial fibrillation or flutter and six cases of partial electrical reset. Changes in lead impedance, pacing threshold, battery voltage, and P-wave and R-wave amplitude exceeded prespecified thresholds in a small number of cases. Repeat MRI was not associated with an increase in adverse events. |
2 |
| 28. Williamson BD, Gohn DC, Ramza BM, et al. Real-World Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Conditional Pacemaker System: Results of 4-Year Prospective Follow-Up in 2,629 Patients. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 3(11):1231-1239, 2017 11. |
Observational-Dx |
2,629 patients |
To meet U.S. Food and Drug Administration condition-of-approval requirements, evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Medtronic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–conditional pacing system when used in an MRI environment in routine clinical practice. |
In 81 centers, 2,629 patients were implanted with a complete SureScan pacing system (41.8% women, age 70.2 ± 12.5 years). A total of 526 patients (28.5%) received 872 clinically indicated MRI scans, including 58 thoracic scans. No MRI-related complications occurred during or after MRI, meeting the primary objective. Six (1%) MRI-related observations (atrial fibrillation, PCT increase, and chest symptoms) were reported. A total of 171 patients (32.5%)underwent 2 or more scans with no cumulative increase in PCT. |
3 |
| 29. Rashid S, Rapacchi S, Vaseghi M, et al. Improved late gadolinium enhancement MR imaging for patients with implanted cardiac devices. Radiology. 270(1):269-74, 2014 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
12 patients |
To propose and test a modified wideband late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique to overcome hyperintensity image artifacts caused by implanted cardiac devices. |
The ICD causes 2-6 kHz in frequency shift at locations 5-10 cm away from the device. This off-resonance falls outside the typical spectral bandwidth of the nonselective inversion pulse used in conventional LGE, which results in the hyperintensity artifact. In 10 of the 12 patients, the conventional LGE technique produced severe, uninterpretable hyperintensity artifacts in the anterior and lateral portions of the left ventricular wall. These artifacts were eliminated with use of the wideband LGE sequence, thereby enabling confident evaluation of myocardial viability. |
4 |
| 30. Stevens SM, Tung R, Rashid S, et al. Device artifact reduction for magnetic resonance imaging of patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and ventricular tachycardia: late gadolinium enhancement correlation with electroanatomic mapping. Heart Rhythm. 11(2):289-98, 2014 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients |
To develop and validate a wideband late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for device artifact removal. |
Hyperintensity artifact was present in 16 of 18 of patients using standard MRI, which was eliminated using the wideband LGE and allowed for MRI interpretation in 15 of 16 patients. All patients had ICD lead characteristics confirmed as unchanged post-MRI and had no adverse events. LGE scar was seen in 11 of 18 patients. Among the 15 patients in whom wideband LGE allowed visualization of myocardium, 10 had LGE scar and 5 had normal myocardium in the regions with image artifacts when using the standard LGE. The left ventricular scar size measurements using wideband MRI and EAM were correlated with R(2) = 0.83 and P = .00003. |
3 |
| 31. Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Higano ST, et al. Value of dynamic respiratory changes in left and right ventricular pressures for the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Circulation. 93(11):2007-13, 1996 Jun 01. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To study the accuracy of dynamic respiratory changes in left ventricular and right ventricular pressure for the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP) at cardiac catheterization. |
High-fidelity manometric catheters and respirometry were used to study 36 patients: 15 patients with surgically proven CP (group 1) and 21 patients with other causes of heart failure (group 2). Conventional cardiac catheterization variables used to establish the diagnosis of CP lacked sensitivity and specificity and failed to distinguish between these groups. However, the finding of discordance between right ventricular and left ventricular pressures during inspiration, a sign of increased ventricular interdependence, accurately distinguished patients in group 1 from those in group 2 (P < .05). |
3 |
| 32. Baxi AJ, Restrepo CS, Vargas D, Marmol-Velez A, Ocazionez D, Murillo H. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy from A to Z: Genetics, Pathophysiology, Imaging, and Management. [Review]. Radiographics. 36(2):335-54, 2016 Mar-Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide an overview of the genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of HCM, with the spectrum of imaging findings at MR imaging and CT and their contribution in diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 33. Marian AJ, Braunwald E. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Therapy. [Review]. Circulation Research. 121(7):749-770, 2017 Sep 15. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review genetics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 34. Patel P, Dhillon A, Popovic ZB, et al. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients Without Severe Septal Hypertrophy: Implications of Mitral Valve and Papillary Muscle Abnormalities Assessed Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Echocardiography. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. 8(7):e003132, 2015 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
121 patients |
To identify mitral valve (MV) and papillary muscle (PM) abnormalities that predisposed to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, using echo and cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and LVOT obstruction, but without basal septal hypertrophy. |
We studied 121 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (age, 49±17 years; 60% men; 57% on ß-blockers) with a basal septal thickness of =1.8 cm who underwent echocardiography (rest+stress) and cine cardiac magnetic resonance. Echo measurements included maximal LVOT gradient (rest/ provocable), MV leaflet length (parasternal long, 4 and 3-chamber views), and abnormal chordal attachment to mid/ base of anterior MV. Cine cardiac magnetic resonance measurements included basal septal thickness, number/area of PM heads, and bifid PM mobility (in systole and diastole). Mean basal septal thickness, LVOT gradient, and LV ejection fraction were 1.5±0.3 cm, 72±54 mm Hg, and 61±6%, respectively. The number of anterolateral and posteromedial PMheads was 2.7±0.7 and 2.6±0.7, respectively. Anterolateral and posteromedial PM areas were 19.9±7 cm2 and 17.1±6 cm2, respectively. PM mobility was 11±6°. On multivariable analysis, predictors of maximal LVOT gradient were basal septal thickness, bifid PM mobility, anterior mitral leaflet length, and abnormal chordal attachment to base of anterior mitral leaflet. Forty-five patients underwent surgery to relieve LVOT obstruction, of which 52% needed an additional nonmyectomy (MV repair/replacement or PM reorientation) approach. |
2 |
| 35. De Cobelli F, Esposito A, Belloni E, et al. Delayed-enhanced cardiac MRI for differentiation of Fabry's disease from symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 192(3):W97-102, 2009 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
23 patients |
To compare the myocardial location and distribution patterns of delayed enhancement between patients with Fabry’s disease who are affected by symmetric myocardial hypertrophy and patients with symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in order to identify a specific sign to best differentiate the two diseases. |
Patients with Fabry’s disease–related hypertrophy showed left ventricular (LV) delayed enhancement with a typical and consistently found pattern characterizedby the involvement of the inferolateral basal or mid basal segments and a mesocardial distribution that spared the subendocardium. This pattern seems to be specific to Fabry’s disease; in fact, patients with symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had variable locations and distributions of delayed enhancement. These observations may contribute to identifying Fabry’s disease as a specific cause of symmetric hypertrophy. |
3 |
| 36. Langer C, Lutz M, Eden M, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cardiac CT: a validation study on the detection of intramyocardial fibrosis in consecutive patients. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 30(3):659-67, 2014 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
24 patients |
To test the hypothesis that late enhanced multi-slice computed tomography (leMDCT) can provide detection/exclusion, localization, sizing and tissue characterization of late enhancement (LE) indicating Intramyocardial fibrosis (IF) based on visual assessment in consecutive (unselected) HCM patients. |
We included n = 24 patients consecutively (64.0 ± 14.5 years of age). LE was demonstrated by LGE– CMR in n = 14/24 patients (prevalence 58 %). Patient andsegment-based sensitivity in leMDCT was 100 and 68 %, respectively. In leMDCT tissue density of LE was 142 ± 51 versus 89.9 ± 19.3 HU in remote myocardium(p\0.001). Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and contrast-to noise- ratio (CNR) appeared to be 7.3 ± 3.3 and 2.3 ± 1, respectively. Sizing of LE-area gave 2.2 ± 1.4 cm2 inleMDCT versus 2.9 ± 2.4 cm2 in LGE–CMR (r = 0.93). Intra-/interobserver variability was assessed with an accuracy of 0.36 cm2 (r = 0.91) and 0.47 cm2 (r = 0.82), respectively. In consecutive HCM patients leMDCT can reliably detect intramyocardial fibrosis marked by LE. In view of a comparatively low SNR and CNR leMDCT may alternatively be applied in case of CMR contraindications. |
2 |
| 37. Zhao L, Ma X, Feuchtner GM, Zhang C, Fan Z. Quantification of myocardial delayed enhancement and wall thickness in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: multidetector computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging. European Journal of Radiology. 83(10):1778-85, 2014 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
80 patients |
To evaluate the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in assessing myocardial delayed enhancement and left ventricle wall thickness in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the reference standard. |
Left ventricle wall thickness determined by MDCT was significantly correlated with CMR (R = 0.88, P < 0.01). Compared with CMR, MDCT accurately diagnosed 74 of 78 (94.9%) patients and 1243 of 1326 (93.7%) segments. For dense myocardial delayed enhancement, MDCT significantly correlated with CMR (R = 0.88, P < 0.01) and slightly underestimated myocardial delayed enhancement (mean, -3.85%; lower and upper limits of agreement, -13.40% and 5.70%, respectively). |
1 |
| 38. Zhao L, Ma X, Delano MC, et al. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis and coronary arteries in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using combined arterial and delayed enhanced CT: comparison with MR and coronary angiography. European Radiology. 23(4):1034-43, 2013 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
47 patients |
To determine the feasibility and accuracy of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in assessing coronary artery disease and myocardial fibrosisof hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) compared with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and coronary angiography (CA). |
Wall thickness determined by DSCT was strongly correlated with MR results (r00.91). DSCT and CMR MDE showed substantial agreement for the detection of myocardial fibrosis on per-patient and per-segment levels. The CT classification of patients by arterial stenosis and delayed enhancement had excellent agreement with MR and CA methods. |
2 |
| 39. Maron MS.. The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in sudden death risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [Review]. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics. 7(2):187-93, 2015 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in sudden death risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 40. Maron MS.. Clinical utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. [Review]. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 14:13, 2012 Feb 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the clinical utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 41. Puntmann VO, Jahnke C, Gebker R, et al. Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish hypertensive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 106(7):1016-1022. |
Observational-Dx |
119 subjects (39 with hypertension [HTN], 43 with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HC], 37 control subjects) |
To investigate whether apparently different pathophysiologic pathways in the development of LV hypertrophy might be reflected in the phenotypical differences, discernable by means of multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. |
Compared to controls, both hypertrophic groups had significantly greater maximal wall thickness and LV mass index (p <0.01). The patients with HTN had reduced ejection fraction, increased heart cavities, and increased LV wall stress (p <0.01). The HC group had supernormal ejection fraction and reduced LV wall stress (p <0.01). The HTN group had reduced anteroseptal systolic strains (p <0.02), and the HC group displayed a marked decrease in longitudinal systolic strain (p <0.01). In the HC group, an inverse relation was seen between a globally increased late gadolinium enhancement score and the ejection fraction (r = -0.5, p = 0.01), and between regional late gadolinium enhancement scores and regional systolic strain in the inferoseptal segments. Increased LV wall stress was identified as the hallmark of HTN (odds ratio 1.2, p = 0.002), while HC was best characterized by reduced total longitudinal strain (odds ratio 1.3, p = 0.002). |
3 |
| 42. Puntmann VO, Voigt T, Chen Z, et al. Native T1 mapping in differentiation of normal myocardium from diffuse disease in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 6(4):475-84, 2013 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
52 patients and 30 controls |
To examine the value of native and post-contrast T1 relaxation in the differentiation between healthy and diffusely diseased myocardium in 2 modelconditions, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. |
T1native was significantly longer in patients with cardiomyopathy compared with control subjects (p < 0.01). Conversely, post-contrast T1 values were significantly shorter in patients with cardiomyopathy at all time points (p < 0.01). ECV was significantly higher in patients with cardiomyopathycompared with controls at all time points (p < 0.01). Multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that T1native could differentiate between healthy and diseased myocardium with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96%, and diagnostic accuracy of 98% (area under the curve 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 1.00; p <0.001), whereas post-contrast T1 values and ECV showed lower discriminatory performance. |
2 |
| 43. Kwon DH, Setser RM, Thamilarasan M, et al. Abnormal papillary muscle morphology is independently associated with increased left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart. 94(10):1295-301, 2008 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
56 HCM patients and 30 controls |
To assess the relationship between morphologic alterations of PM in HCM patients and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction,using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography (echo). |
Double bifid PM (70% vs. 17%) and antero-apical displacement of anterolateral PM (77%) vs. 17%) were more prevalent in HCM patients vs. controls (p <0.0001).Subjects with antero-apically displaced PM and double bifid PM had higher resting LVOT gradients compared to controls (45 [6, 81] vs. 12 [0, 12] mm Hg, (p < 0.01) and 42 [6, 64] vs. 11 [0, 17] mm Hg, (p=0.02) respectively. In HCM patients, the odds ratio of having significant (= 30 mm Hg) peak resting gradient) was 7.1 (CI 1.4-36.7) for antero-apically displaced anterolateral PM and 10.4 (CI 1.2-91.2) for double bifid PM (both p = 0.005), independent of septal thickness, use of beta-blockers and/or calcium blockers and resting heart rate. |
3 |
| 44. Pica S, Sado DM, Maestrini V, et al. Reproducibility of native myocardial T1 mapping in the assessment of Fabry disease and its role in early detection of cardiac involvement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 16:99, 2014 Dec 05. |
Observational-Dx |
63 patients |
To investigate the reproducibility of native T1 assessment in Fabry disease and the relationship of native T1 in Fabry disease patients with no LVH, lookingfor functional (electrocardiographic, mechanical) correlations of T1 reduction. |
Mean native T1 in Fabry disease (LVH positive), (LVH negative) and healthy volunteers was 853 ± 50 ms, 904 ± 46 ms and 968 ± 32 ms (for all p < 0.0001) by ShMOLLI sequences. Native T1 showed high inter-study, intra-observer and inter-observer agreement with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.99, 0.98, 0.97 (ShMOLLI) and 0.98, 0.98, 0.98 (MOLLI). In Fabry disease LVH negative individuals, low native T1 was associated with reduced echocardiographic-basedglobal longitudinal speckle tracking strain (-18 ± 2% vs -22 ± 2%, p = 0.001) and early diastolic function impairment (E/E’ = 7 [6–8] vs 5 [5–6], p = 0.028). |
1 |
| 45. Vijapurapu R, Nordin S, Baig S, et al. Global longitudinal strain, myocardial storage and hypertrophy in Fabry disease. Heart. 105(6):470-476, 2019 03. |
Experimental-Dx |
110 patients |
To determine the feasibility and reproducibilty of right ventricle (RV) myocardial strain analysis of cine magnetic resonance (MR) images in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients via feature tracking in comparison to control subjects. |
Strain was significantly impaired in overt ARVC compared to control subjects both globally (p<0.01) and regionally (all segments of HLA view, p<0.01). In the HLA view, regional reproducibility was excellent within (ICC=0.81) and moderate between (ICC=0.62) observers. Using a threshold of –31% subtricuspid strain in the HLA view, the sensitivity and specificity for overt ARVC were 75.0% and 78.2%, respectively. In multivariable analysis involving all three groups, subtricuspid strain less than –31% (beta=1.38, p=0.014) and RV end diastolic volume (EDV) index (beta=0.06, p=0.001) were significant predictors of disease presence. |
2 |
| 46. Dara BS, Rusconi PG, Fishman JE. Danon disease: characteristic late gadolinium enhancement pattern on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiology in the Young. 21(6):707-9, 2011 Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
2 case reports |
To report two cases of Danon disease and describe the results of the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies that were conducted to assess the pattern of cardiac hypertrophy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 47. Etesami M, Gilkeson RC, Rajiah P. Utility of late gadolinium enhancement in pediatric cardiac MRI. [Review]. Pediatric Radiology. 46(8):1096-113, 2016 Jul. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe the technical modifications required for performing Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MR sequence in children, review and illustrate the patterns of LGE in children, and discuss their clinical significance. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 48. Hernandez LE.. Myocardial stress perfusion magnetic resonance in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Young. 28(5):702-708, 2018 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
13 patients |
To investigate the utility of stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect microvascular dysfunction in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
All patients completed protocols with no interruptions. In all, seven patients developed perfusion defects after the administration of regadenoson. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy was the most common pattern of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=4) in those with abnormal perfusion. A total of four patients with perfusion defects had a maximum wall thickness <30 mm. The finding of perfusion defects in areas without late gadolinium enhancement in some of our patients indicates that gadolinium enhancement by itself could underestimate the true extension of microvascular disease. Out of seven patients, five patients with positive stress cardiac MRI have undergone implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement based on current guidelines. |
4 |
| 49. Ismail TF, Hsu LY, Greve AM, et al. Coronary microvascular ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - a pixel-wise quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 16:49, 2014 Aug 12. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To investigate the spectrum of microvascular dysfunction in hypertropic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to explore its relationship with fibrosis and wall thickness. |
Resting MBF was significantly higher in the endocardium than in the epicardium (mean ± SD: 1.25 ± 0.35 ml/g/min versus 1.20 ± 0.35 ml/g/min, P < 0.001), a pattern that reversed with stress (2.00 ± 0.76 ml/g/min versus 2.36 ± 0.83 ml/g/min, P < 0.001). ROI analysis revealed 11 (31%) patients with stress MBF lower than resting values (1.05 ± 0.39 ml/g/min versus 1.22 ± 0.36 ml/g/min, P = 0.021). There was a significant negative association between hyperemic MBF and wall thickness (ß = -0.047 ml/g/min per mm, 95% CI: -0.057 to -0.038, P < 0.001) and a significantly lower probability of fibrosis in a segment with increasing hyperemic MBF (odds ratio per ml/g/min: 0.086, 95% CI: 0.078 to 0.095, P = 0.003). |
3 |
| 50. Nagueh SF, Bierig SM, Budoff MJ, et al. American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Endorsed by the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 24(5):473-98, 2011 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the strengths and applications of the current imaging modalities and provide recommendation guidelines for using these techniques to optimize the management of patients with HCM. |
No results not stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 51. Authors/Task Force members, Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 35(39):2733-79, 2014 Oct 14. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy summarized by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) task force. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 52. Seward JB, Casaclang-Verzosa G. Infiltrative cardiovascular diseases: cardiomyopathies that look alike. [Review] [84 refs]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 55(17):1769-79, 2010 Apr 27. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To report unique features of the various infiltrative cardiac diseases, which may have similar features. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 53. Doughan AR, Williams BR. Cardiac sarcoidosis. [Review] [20 refs]. Heart. 92(2):282-8, 2006 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of cardiac sarcoidosis with a special focus on recent diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 54. Ohira H, Tsujino I, Ishimaru S, et al. Myocardial imaging with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in sarcoidosis. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 35(5):933-41, 2008 May. |
Observational-Dx |
21 patients |
To compare 18F-FDG PET and cardiac MRI images in 21 consecutive patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis and examine the potential clinical value of using the two modalities simultaneously. |
Eight of 21 patients were diagnosed as having cardiac sarcoidosis according to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Guidelines for Diagnosing Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis were 87.5 and 38.5%, respectively, for 18F-FDG PET, and 75 and 76.9%, respectively, for MRI. When the 18F-FDG PET and MRI images were compared, 16 of 21 patients showed positive findings in one (n=8) or both (n=8) of the two modalities. In eight patients with positive findings on both images, the distribution of the findings differed among all eight cases. The presence of positive findings on 18F-FDGPET was associated with elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels; this association was not demonstrated on MRI. |
2 |
| 55. Dubrey SW, Sharma R, Underwood R, Mittal T. Cardiac sarcoidosis: diagnosis and management. [Review]. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 91(1077):384-94, 2015 Jul. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the epidemiology, developments in diagnostic techniques and the management of cardiac sarcoidosis. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 56. Salemi VM, Rochitte CE, Shiozaki AA, et al. Late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of endomyocardial fibrosis patients. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. 4(3):304-11, 2011 May. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients and 10 healthy volunteers |
To investigate the role of Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)-Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnosis and prognosis of EMF. |
Thirty-six patients (29 women; age, 54+-12 years) with EMF diagnosis after clinical evaluation and comprehensive 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography underwent cine-CMR for assessing ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and mass, and LGE-CMR for FT characterization and quantification. Indexed FT volume (FT/body surface area) was calculated after planimetry of the 8 to 12 slices obtained in the short-axis view at end-diastole (mL/m2). Surgical resection of FT was performed in 16 patients. In all patients, areas of LGE were confined to the endocardium, frequently as a continuous streak from the inflow tract extending to the apex, where it was usually most prominent. There was a relation between increased FT/body surface area and worse New York Heart Association functional class and with increased probability of surgery (P<0.05). The histopathologic examination of resected FT showed typical features of EMF with extensive endocardial fibrous thickening, proliferation of small vessels, and scarce inflammatory infiltrate. In multivariate analysis, the patients with FT/body surface area >19 mL/m2 had an increased mortality rate, with a relative risk of 10.8. |
3 |
| 57. Deux JF, Mihalache CI, Legou F, et al. Noninvasive detection of cardiac amyloidosis using delayed enhanced MDCT: a pilot study. European Radiology. 25(8):2291-7, 2015 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
13 patients with CA and 11 control patients |
To evaluate myocardial enhancement of patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) using computed tomography (CT). |
Two false negative cases (15 %) and three false positive cases (27 %) were detected on qualitative analysis. SNRmyoc of patients with CA was significantly (p<0.05) lower on first-pass (4.08±1.9) and higher on delayed acquisition (7.10±2.7) than control patients (6.1±2.2 and 5.03±1.8, respectively). Myocardial attenuation was higher in CA (121± 39 HU) than control patients (81±17 HU) on delayed acquisition. CNRblood-myoc was significantly (p<0.05) lower in CA(1.51±0.7) than control patients (2.85±1.2) on delayed acquisition. The RAI was significantly (p<0.05) higher inCA (0.12 ±0.25) than in control patients (-0.56±0.21). |
3 |
| 58. Treibel TA, Bandula S, Fontana M, et al. Extracellular volume quantification by dynamic equilibrium cardiac computed tomography in cardiac amyloidosis. Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography. 9(6):585-92, 2015 Nov-Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
53 patients |
To develop cardiac computed tomography to diagnose and quantify cardiac amyloidosis by measuring the myocardial Extracellular Volume, ECVCT. |
ECVCT and ECVCMR results were well correlated (r2 = 0.85 vs r2 = 0.74 for 5 and 15 minutes post bolus respectively). ECVCT was higher in amyloidosis than AS (0.54 ± 0.11 vs 0.28 ± 0.04, p<0.001) with no overlap. ECVCT tracked clinical markers of cardiac amyloid severity (NT-pro-BNP, Troponin, LVEF, LV mass,LA and RA area), and bone scintigraphy amyloid burden (p<0.001). |
1 |
| 59. Aikawa T, Oyama-Manabe N, Naya M, et al. Delayed contrast-enhanced computed tomography in patients with known or suspected cardiac sarcoidosis: A feasibility study. European Radiology. 27(10):4054-4063, 2017 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
24 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic value of delayed contrast enhanced computed tomography (DE-CT) for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) in patients with or without implantable devices, including a quantitative comparison with late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). |
Inter-observer agreement for visual detection of hyperenhanced segments on DE-CT was excellent in patients with implantable devices and in those without (? = 0.91 and ? = 0.94, respectively). Comparisons of the percent area of hyperenhanced myocardium between DE-CT and LGECMR on both per-patient and per-segment analyses showed good correlations (r = 0.96 and r = 0.83, respectively; p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of DE-CT for the diagnosis of CS were 94% and 33%. |
2 |
| 60. Youssef G, Leung E, Mylonas I, et al. The use of 18F-FDG PET in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis including the Ontario experience. [Review]. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 53(2):241-8, 2012 Feb. |
Meta-analysis |
7 studies, 164 patients |
To evaluate the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis compared with Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) guidelines. |
A total of 519 titles was identified; 7 studies, including the Ontario registry, were selected for inclusion. Metaanalysis of these 7 studies was conducted,with a total of 164 patients, most of whom had been diagnosed with systemic sarcoidosis. The prevalence of cardiac sarcoidosis was 50% in the whole population. Pooled estimates for 18F-FDG PET yielded 89% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 79%–96%), 78% specificity (95% CI, 68%–86%), a 4.1 positive likelihood ratio (95% CI, 1.7–10), and a 0.19 negative likelihood ratio (95% CI, 0.1–0.4). The overall diagnostic odds ratio was 25.6 (95% CI, 7.3–89.5), and the area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 93% +- 3.5. The Ontario study yielded sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 70%, respectively. |
Good |
| 61. Hanneman K, Kadoch M, Guo HH, et al. Initial Experience With Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI in the Evaluation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Myocarditis. Clinical Nuclear Medicine. 42(7):e328-e334, 2017 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
10 patients |
To compare combined PET/MRI with PET/CT and cardiac MRI in the evaluation of cardiac sarcoidosis and myocarditis. |
Imaging was acquired with a delay from 18F-FDG injection of 90.2 ± 27.4 minutes for PET/CT and 207.7 ± 40.3 minutes for PET/MRI. Total scan time for PET/MRI was significantly longer than for PET/CT (81.4 ± 14.8 vs 12.0 minutes, P < 0.001). Total effective radiation dose was significantly lower for PET/MRI compared with PET/CT (6.9 ± 0.6 vs 8.2 ± 1.1 mSv, P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the number of positive cases identified between combined PET/MRI (n = 10 [100%]), PET/CT (n = 6 [60%]), and cardiac MRI (n = 8 [80%]), P = 0.091. |
2 |
| 62. Wassmuth R, Abdel-Aty H, Bohl S, Schulz-Menger J. Prognostic impact of T2-weighted CMR imaging for cardiac amyloidosis. Eur Radiol. 21(8):1643-50, 2011 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To use cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test the diagnostic values of various markers for amyloid infiltration. |
Median follow-up was 31 months. Twenty-three patients died. Mean left ventricular (LV) mass was 205±70 g. LV ejection fraction (EF) was 55±12%. T2 ratio was 1.5±0.4. 33/36 patients had pericardial and 22/36 had pleural effusions. All but two had heterogeneous late enhancement. Surviving patients did not differ from those who had died with regard to gender, LV mass or volume. Surviving patients had a significantly higher LVEF (60.4±9.9% vs. 51.6±11.5%; p=0.03). The deceased patients had a lower T2 ratio than those who survived (1.38±0.42 vs. 1.76±0.17; p=0.005). Low T2 was associated with shorter survival (Chi-squared 11.3; p<0.001). Cox regression analysis confirmed T2 ratio<?1.5 as the only independent predictors for survival. |
3 |
| 63. Zhao L, Tian Z, Fang Q. Diagnostic accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance for patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [Review]. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 16:129, 2016 06 07. |
Meta-analysis |
5 Studies |
To review the diagnostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in cardiac amyloidosis (CA). |
Seven studies that reported the performance of CMR for CA were included in the present systematic review, among which five studies (257 patients) that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR were analyzed in the present meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was observed only in specificity. A summary sensitivity and specificity of 85 % (95 % CI: 77–91 %) and 92 % (95 % CI: 83–97 %) indicated a high diagnostic accuracy of LGE for CA. The AUC of SROC curve was 0.9530, suggesting that LGE is an effective way of diagnosing patients with possible cardiac involvement in amyloidosis. |
Good |
| 64. Dungu JN, Valencia O, Pinney JH, et al. CMR-based differentiation of AL and ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 7(2):133-42, 2014 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
46 patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis and 51 patients with ATTR |
To describe the different cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) appearances in light chain amyloid (AL) and transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTR). |
Patients’ median age was 68 +- 10 years, and 74% were male. Left ventricular mass was markedly increased in ATTR amyloidosis (228 g [202 to 267 g]) compared with AL type (167 g [137 to 191 g]) (p < 0.001). LGE was detected in all but 1 cardiac amyloidosis patient (AL type) and was substantially more extensive in ATTR compared with AL amyloidosis. Ninety percent of ATTR patients demonstrated transmural LGE compared with 37% of AL patients (p < 0.001). Right ventricular LGE was apparent in all ATTR patients but in only 33 AL patients (72%) (p < 0.001). Despite these findings, survival was significantly better in cardiac ATTR amyloidosis compared with AL type. We derived an LGE scoring system (Query Amyloid Late Enhancement) that independently differentiated ATTR from AL amyloidosis and, when incorporated into a logistic regression model with age and wall thickness, detected ATTR type with 87% sensitivity and 96% specificity. |
3 |
| 65. Karamitsos TD, Piechnik SK, Banypersad SM, et al. Noncontrast T1 mapping for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 6(4):488-97, 2013 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
53 AL patients, 17 aortic stenosis patients and 36 healthy volunteers |
To explore the potential role of noncontrast myocardial T1 mapping for detection of cardiac involvement in patients with primary amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. |
Myocardial T1 was significantly elevated in cardiac AL amyloidosis patients (1,140 +- 61 ms) compared to normal subjects (958 +- 20 ms, p < 0.001) and patients with aortic stenosis (979 +- 51 ms, p < 0.001). Myocardial T1 was increased in AL amyloid even when cardiac involvement was uncertain (1,048 +- 48 ms) or thought absent (1,009 +- 31 ms). A noncontrast myocardial T1 cutoff of 1,020 ms yielded 92% accuracy for identifying amyloid patients with possible or definite cardiac involvement. In the AL amyloidosis cohort, there were significant correlations between myocardial T1 time and indices of systolic and diastolicdysfunction. |
2 |
| 66. Fontana M, Pica S, Reant P, et al. Prognostic Value of Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Cardiac Amyloidosis. Circulation. 132(16):1570-9, 2015 Oct 20. |
Observational-Dx |
122 patients with ATTR amyloid, 9 asymptomatic
mutation carriers, and 119 patients with AL amyloidosis |
To assess the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) patterns and the benefit of new more robust approaches (PSIR), the correlation with the cardiac amyloid burden, and the prognostic impact of LGE in both immunoglobulin light-chain (AL or primary systemic) and transthyretin (ATTR) |
Two hundred fifty prospectively recruited subjects, 122 patients with ATTR amyloid, 9 asymptomatic mutation carriers, and 119 patients with AL amyloidosis, underwent LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Subjects were followed up for a mean of 24±13 months. LGE was performed with phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) and without (magnitude only). These were compared with extracellular volume measured with T1 mapping. PSIR was superior to magnitude-only inversion recovery LGE because PSIR always nulled the tissue (blood or myocardium) with the longest T1 (least gadolinium). LGE was classified into 3 patterns: none, subendocardial, and transmural, which were associated with increasing amyloid burden as defined by extracellular volume (P<0.0001), with transitions from none to subendocardial LGE at an extracellular volume of 0.40 to 0.43 (AL) and 0.39 to 0.40 (ATTR) and to transmural at 0.48 to 0.55 (AL) and 0.47 to 0.59 (ATTR). Sixty-seven patients (27%) died. Transmural LGE predicted death (hazard ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–13.7; P<0.0001) and remained independent after adjustment for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, ejection fraction, stroke volume index, E/E', and left ventricular mass index (hazard ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–13.1; P<0.05). |
3 |
| 67. Maceira AM, Prasad SK, Hawkins PN, Roughton M, Pennell DJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and prognosis in cardiac amyloidosis. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 10:54, 2008 Nov 25. |
Observational-Dx |
29 patients |
To assess the prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and gadolinium kinetics in cardiac amyloidosis in a prospective longitudinal study. |
Patients with were followed for a median of 623 days (IQ range 221, 1436), during which 17 (58%) patients died. The presence of myocardial LGE by itself was not a significant predictor of mortality. However, death was predicted by gadolinium kinetics, with the 2 minute post-gadolinium intramyocardial T1 difference between subepicardium and subendocardium predicting mortality with 85% accuracy at a threshold value of 23 ms (the lower the difference the worse the prognosis). Intramyocardial T1 gradient was a better predictor of survival than FLC response to chemotherapy (Kaplan Meier analysis P = 0.049) or diastolic function (Kaplan-Meier analysis P = 0.205). |
3 |
| 68. Freeman AM, Curran-Everett D, Weinberger HD, et al. Predictors of cardiac sarcoidosis using commonly available cardiac studies. American Journal of Cardiology. 112(2):280-5, 2013 Jul 15. |
Observational-Dx |
70 patients |
To evaluate if routine screening tests, including electrocardiography, echocardiography, signal-averaged electrocardiography, ambulatory monitoring, nuclear stress testing, and, when available and performed for a clinically indicated reason, an electrophysiology study, combined could be used to predict positive CS imaging findings from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and cardiac 18-fluorodeoxuyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-cPET). |
Our cohort was predominantly white, with a mean age of 55 years, and 60% were women. The scoring system was compared with the findings from cMRI and FDG-cPET to determine the ability to predict the imaging results that define cardiac sarcoidosis. The scoring system for the patients who had undergone both FDG-cPET and cMRI suggested predictability, but the differences were not statistically significant. However, the positive results from just 1 study were as predictive as having positive findings from both studies. A 1-point increase in the total score increased the probability of positive findings from cMRI or FDG-cPET by 14% (95% confidence interval 3% to 25% increase; p = 0.01). The scoring system seemed to be driven more by the findings from cMRI than by those from FDG-cPET. In patients who had undergone cMRI alone, for each 1-point increase in the total score, the probability of positive cMRI findings increased 11% (95% confidence interval 1% decrease to 25% increase, p =0.08). All screening modalities were analyzed. No modality was sensitive or specific, although major findings (defined in our scoring system) were most predictive of positive imaging findings. |
2 |
| 69. Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45(10):1683-1690. |
Observational-Dx |
58 patients |
To analyze the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). |
The diagnosis of CS was made in 12 of 58 patients (21%); CMR revealed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), mostly involving basal and lateral segments (73%), in 19 patients. In 8 of the 19 patients, scintigraphy was normal, while patchy LGE was present. The sensitivity and specificity of CMR were 100% (95% CI, 78% to 100%) and 78% (95% confidence interval, 64% to 89%), and the positive and negative predictive values were 55% and 100%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 83%. |
2 |
| 70. Giesbrandt KJ, Bolan CW, Shapiro BP, Edwards WD, Mergo PJ. Diffuse diseases of the myocardium: MRI-pathologic review of cardiomyopathies with dilatation. [Review]. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 200(3):W274-82, 2013 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present the pertinent imaging findings of diffuse myocardial diseases that are associated with ventricular dilatation, including ischemic cardiomyopathy, nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac sarcoidosis, and iron overload cardiomyopathy. |
No results stated in abstract |
4 |
| 71. Greulich S, Deluigi CC, Gloekler S, et al. CMR imaging predicts death and other adverse events in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 6(4):501-11, 2013 Apr. |
Observational-Tx |
155 patients |
To demonstrate that the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a predictor of death and other adverse events in patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. |
LGE was present in 39 patients (25.5%). The presence of LGE yields a Cox hazard ratio (HR)of 31.6 for death, aborted sudden cardiac death, or appropriate ICD discharge, and of 33.9 for any event.This is superior to functional or clinical parameters such as left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), LVend-diastolic volume, or presentation as heart failure, yielding HRs between 0.99 (per % increase LVEF)and 1.004 (presentation as heart failure), and between 0.94 and 1.2 for potentially lethal or other adverseevents, respectively. Except for 1 patient dying from pulmonary infection, no patient without LGE diedor experienced any event during follow-up, even if the LV was enlarged and the LVEF severely impaired. |
2 |
| 72. Ise T, Hasegawa T, Morita Y, et al. Extensive late gadolinium enhancement on cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts adverse outcomes and lack of improvement in LV function after steroid therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart. 100(15):1165-72, 2014 Aug. |
Observational-Tx |
43 patients |
To clarify the prognostic impact of extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). |
Among the 6 patients who died from heart disorders, 11 patients who were hospitalised because of heart failure and 6 patients who suffered life-threateningarrhythmia during the follow-up period, large-extent LGE predicted higher incidences of cardiac mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure. Multivariate Coxregression analysis showed that large-extent LGE was independently associated with combined adverse outcomes including cardiac death, hospitalisation forheart failure, and life-threatening arrhythmias. In the small-extent LGE group, LV end-diastolic volume index significantly decreased and LVEF significantly increased after steroid therapy, whereas in the large-extent LGE group, neither LV volume nor LVEF changed substantially. |
2 |
| 73. Puntmann VO, Isted A, Hinojar R, Foote L, Carr-White G, Nagel E. T1 and T2 Mapping in Recognition of Early Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sarcoidosis. Radiology. 285(1):63-72, 2017 10. |
Observational-Dx |
53 patients and 36 healthy controls |
To determine whether quantitative tissue characterization with T1 and T2 mapping supports recognition of myocardial involvement in patients with systemic sarcoidosis. |
When compared with control subjects, patients had higher ventricular volume, higher myocardial native T1 and T2, and lower longitudinal strain and ejection fraction (P < .05 for all). Myocardial native T1 and T2 had higher discriminatory accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.96 and 0.89, respectively) for separation between control subjects and patients when compared with the standard diagnostic criteria (AUC < 0.67). Native T1 was the independent discriminator between health and disease (specificity, 90%; sensitivity, 96%; accuracy, 94%). There was a significant reduction of native T1 and T2 in the patients who underwent treatment (z score: 23.72 and 22.88; P < .01) but not in the patients who did not (z score, 21.42 and 21.38; P > .15). |
2 |
| 74. Anderson LJ, Holden S, Davis B, et al. Cardiovascular T2-star (T2*) magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload. Eur Heart J. 2001; 22(23):2171-2179. |
Observational-Dx |
106 patients |
To develop and validate a non-invasive method for measuring myocardial iron in order to allow diagnosis and treatment before overt cardiomyopathy and failure develops. |
There was a significant, curvilinear, inverse correlation between iron concentration by biopsy and liver T2* (r=0.93, P<0.0001). Inter-study cardiac reproducibility was 5.0%. As myocardial iron increased, there was a progressive decline in ejection fraction (r=0.61, P<0.001). All patients with ventricular dysfunction had a myocardial T2* of <20 ms. There was no significant correlation between myocardial T2* and the conventional parameters of iron status, serum ferritin and liver iron. Multivariate analysis of clinical parameters to predict the requirement for cardiac medication identified myocardial T2* as the most significant variable (odds ratio 0.79, P<0.002). |
3 |
| 75. Sado DM, Maestrini V, Piechnik SK, et al. Noncontrast myocardial T1 mapping using cardiovascular magnetic resonance for iron overload. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 41(6):1505-11, 2015 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
88 patients and 67 healthy volunteers |
To explore the use and reproducibility of magnetic resonance-derived myocardial T1 mapping in patients with iron overload. |
Myocardial T1 was lower in patients than healthy volunteers (8366138 msec vs. 968632 msec, P<0.0001). Myocardial T1 correlated with T2* (R=0.79,P<0.0001). No patient with low T2* had normal T1, but 32% (n=28) of cases characterized by a normal T2* had low myocardial T1. Interstudy reproducibility of either T1 sequence was significantly better than T2*, with the results suggesting that the use of T1 in clinical trials could decrease potential sample sizes by 7-fold. |
3 |
| 76. Pennell DJ, Udelson JE, Arai AE, et al. Cardiovascular function and treatment in beta-thalassemia major: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 128(3):281-308, 2013 Jul 16. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To report an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac dysfunction in ß-thalassemia major (TM). |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 77. Tzelepis GE, Kelekis NL, Plastiras SC, et al. Pattern and distribution of myocardial fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: a delayed enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 56(11):3827-36, 2007 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
41 patients |
To assess the prevalence and pattern of myocardial fibrosis as detected by delayed enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) in patients withsystemic sclerosis (SSc), and to evaluate a possible association between myocardial fibrosis and cardiac arrhythmias. |
Technically acceptable DE-MRIs were obtained in 36 patients with SSc. Enhancement on DE-MRI, consistent with myocardial fibrosis, was observedin 24 of these patients (66%), and it was invariably midwall with a linear pattern, mostly involving basal and midcavity segments of the left ventricle. Thevolume of enhancement (total volume percentage index [TVPI]) did not differ between patients with diffuse SSc and those with limited SSc (mean +- SD 1.46 +- 1.73% versus 1.44 +- 1.77%; P = 0.98). Patients with a long duration (>15 years) of Raynaud’s phenomenon had a greater number of enhancing segments (mean +-SD 6.55 +- 4.93 versus 2.96 +- 3.46; P = 0.017) and a greater TVPI (mean +- SD 2.44 +- 1.97% versus 1.02 +- 1.43%; P = 0.02) than those with a duration of Raynaud’s phenomenon <15 years. Nineteen patients with SSc (53%) had abnormal Holter study results. Compared with patients with normal Holter study results, those with abnormal results had a greater number of enhancing segments (mean +- SD 5.4 +- 4.8 versus 2.5 +- 2.9; P < 0.05) and a greater TVPI (mean +- SD 2.1 +- 1.9% versus 0.8 +- 1.2%; P < 0.05). |
2 |
| 78. Ntusi NA, Piechnik SK, Francis JM, et al. Subclinical myocardial inflammation and diffuse fibrosis are common in systemic sclerosis--a clinical study using myocardial T1-mapping and extracellular volume quantification. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 16:21, 2014 Mar 04. |
Observational-Dx |
19 Ssc patients and 20 controls |
To evaluate if multiparametric CMR can detect subclinical myocardial involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (Ssc). |
Focal fibrosis on LGE was found in 10 SSc patients (53%) but none of controls. SSc patients also had areas of myocardial oedema on T2-weighted imaging (median 13 vs. 0% in controls). SSc patients had significantly higher native myocardial T1 values (1007 ± 29 vs. 958 ± 20 ms, p < 0.001), larger areas of myocardial involvement by native T1 >990 ms (median 52 vs. 3% in controls) and expansion of ECV (35.4 ± 4.8 vs. 27.6 ± 2.5%, p < 0.001), likelyrepresenting a combination of low-grade inflammation and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Regardless of any regional fibrosis, native T1 and ECV were significantly elevated in SSc and correlated with disease activity and severity. Although biventricular size and global function were preserved, there was impairment in the peak systolic circumferential strain (-16.8 ± 1.6 vs. -18.6 ± 1.0, p < 0.001) and peak diastolic strain rate (83 ± 26 vs. 114 ± 16 s-1, p < 0.001) in SSc, which inversely correlated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis indices. |
2 |
| 79. Syed IS, Martinez MW, Feng DL, Glockner JF. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. International Journal of Cardiology. 126(3):e50-2, 2008 Jun 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 case report |
To describe the use of contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to demonstrate thrombus, endomyocardial fibrosis and inflammation in eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 80. Nihoyannopoulos P, Dawson D. Restrictive cardiomyopathies. [Review] [14 refs]. Eur J Echocardiogr. 10(8):iii23-33, 2009 Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the types of restrictive cardiomyopathies. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 81. Phelan D, Collier P, Thavendiranathan P, et al. Relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Heart. 98(19):1442-8, 2012 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
55 patients |
To describe regional patterns in longitudinal strain (LS) using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in CA and to test the hypothesis that regional differences would help differentiate cardiac amyloidosis (CA) from other causes of increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. |
55 consecutive patients with CA were compared with 30 control patients with LV hypertrophy (n=15 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n=15 with aortic stenosis). A relative apical LS of 1.0, defined using the equation (average apical LS/(average basal LS + mid-LS)), was sensitive (93%) and specific (82%) in differentiating CA from controls (area under the curve 0.94). In a logistic regression multivariate analysis, relative apical LS was the only parameter predictive of CA (p=0.004). |
3 |
| 82. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128(16):e240-327. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To assist clinicians in clinical decision making by describing a range of generally acceptable approaches to the diagnosis, management, and prevention of specific diseases or conditions. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 83. Walker CM, Saldana DA, Gladish GW, et al. Cardiac complications of oncologic therapy. [Review]. Radiographics. 33(6):1801-15, 2013 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the mechanisms of chemotherapy- and radiation-induced cardiotoxic effects, describes the cardiac complications of these therapies, and illustrates the imaging findings of cardiotoxic reactions to oncologic therapies. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 84. Arora NP, Mohamad T, Mahajan N, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in peripartum cardiomyopathy. American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 347(2):112-7, 2014 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
10 patients |
To assess the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for the diagnosis and prognostication of patients with Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). |
Ten PPCM patients (aged 28 +- 6 years, 90% African American) had a total of 15 CMR examinations: 4 in the acute phase (within 7 days of diagnosis) and 11 during follow-up (median, 12 months; range, 1–72 months). Left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased in all 4 initial scans. Elevated T2 ratio (.2)seen in 1 patient decreased on follow-up imaging. LGE was seen in 1 of the 4 acute-phase scans and in 4 of the 11 follow-up phase scans. These 4patients had multiple readmissions because of heart failure exacerbations and persistently low left ventricular ejection fraction on subsequent echocardiograms. |
2 |
| 85. Sliwa K, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Petrie MC, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. [Review]. European Journal of Heart Failure. 12(8):767-78, 2010 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To offer a state-of-the-art summary of what is known about risk factors for potential pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation of, and diagnosis and management of Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 86. Grothoff M, Pachowsky M, Hoffmann J, et al. Value of cardiovascular MR in diagnosing left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and in discriminating between other cardiomyopathies. European Radiology. 22(12):2699-709, 2012 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
12 patients with LVNC, 11 with dilated and 10 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 24 controls |
To analyse the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived myocardial parameters to differentiate left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy(LVNC) from other cardiomyopathies and controls. |
Total LV-MMInon-compacted and percentage LVMMnon- compacted were discriminators between patients with LVCN, healthy controls and those with other cardiomyopathies with cut-offs of 15 g/m2 and 25 %, respectively. Furthermore, trabeculation in basal segments and a ratio of non-compacted/compacted myocardium of =3:1 were criteria for LVNC. A combination of these criteria provided sensitivities and specificities of up to 100 %. None of theLVNC patients demonstrated LGE. |
2 |
| 87. Abbas A, Sonnex E, Pereira RS, Coulden RA. Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. [Review]. Clinical Radiology. 71(1):e110-9, 2016 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present a review highlighting the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features of takotsubo cardiomyopathy and its complications with particular focus on differentiating this condition from acute myocardial infarction and myocarditis. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 88. Kurisu S, Inoue I, Kawagoe T, et al. Prevalence of incidental coronary artery disease in tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Coronary Artery Disease. 20(3):214-8, 2009 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
97 patients |
To assess the prevalence of incidental coronary artery disease (CAD). |
Ten patients (10%) had definitively incidental CAD defined as greater than 75% reduction in the luminal diameter of the major epicardial coronary artery. All patients had ST-segment elevation, and five patients had T-wave inversion on admission. Nine patients had single vessel disease, and one patient had double vessel disease. Six patients had CAD in the nonwrapped LAD, and they were judged to be definitively incidental. Three patients had CAD in the left circumflex artery, and two patients had CAD in the right coronary artery. |
4 |
| 89. Ghadri JR, Wittstein IS, Prasad A, et al. International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology. European Heart Journal. 39(22):2032-2046, 2018 Jun 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To summarize the current state of knowledge on clinical presentation and characteristics of TTS and agrees on controversies surrounding TTS such as nomenclature, different TTS types, role of coronary artery disease, and etiology and to propose new diagnostic criteria based on current knowlege to improve diagnostic accuracy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 90. Redfors B, Ramunddal T, Shao Y, Omerovic E. Takotsubo triggered by acute myocardial infarction: a common but overlooked syndrome?. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 11(2):171-3, 2014 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 case report |
To present a case in which the patient simultaneously suffered from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), and in which we believe that a primary coronary event triggered TCM. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 91. Andreini D, Pontone G, Pepi M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 49(20):2044-50, 2007 May 22. |
Observational-Dx |
61 unknown origin DCM patients and 139 patients with normal cardiac function |
To assess the safety, feasibility, and diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of unknown etiology. |
In group 1, no MDCT-related complications were found, while 10 complications were associated with conventionalangiography (p = 0.001). Overall feasibility of coronary artery visualization was 97.2% (863 of 888 segments).The most frequent cause of artifacts was interference from a hypertrophic cardiac venous system (10artifacts, 40%). In group 2, overall feasibility was 96.1% (p = NS vs. group 1). In group 1, all cases with normal(44 cases) or pathological (17 cases) coronary arteries by conventional coronary angiography were correctly detectedby MDCT, with, in 1 case, disparity of stenosis severity. In group 1, sensitivity, specificity, and positive andnegative predictive values of MDCT for the identification of >50% stenosis were 99%, 96.2%, 81.2%, and99.8%, respectively. In group 2, sensitivity and negative predictive values were lower than in group 1 (86.1% vs.99% and 96.4% vs. 99.8%, respectively); specificity (96.4%) and positive predictive value (86.1%) were not significantlydifferent versus group 1. |
2 |
| 92. Sidhu MS, Uthamalingam S, Ahmed W, et al. Defining left ventricular noncompaction using cardiac computed tomography. Journal of Thoracic Imaging. 29(1):60-6, 2014 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
41 patients and 20 control patients. |
To define diagnostic criteria for Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) with cardiac-gated CT. |
An end-diastolic NC:C ratio >2.3 distinguished pathologic LVNC with 88% sensitivity and 97% specificity; positive and negative predictive values were 78% and 99%, respectively. |
2 |
| 93. Hussain J, Ghandforoush A, Virk Z, Cherukuri M. Viability assessment by multidetector computed tomography in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Journal of Thoracic Imaging. 26(1):W7-8, 2011 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
2 patients |
To describe 2 patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy who underwent MDCT imaging. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 94. Otalvaro L, Zambrano JP, Fishman JE. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: utility of cardiac computed tomography angiography for acute diagnosis. J Thorac Imaging 2011;26:W83-5. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 case report |
To describe a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy that occurred during induction of anesthesia, in which emergent cardiac computed tomography angiography confirmed the diagnosis and excluded other potential etiologies of disease. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 95. Ghadri JR, Wittstein IS, Prasad A, et al. International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part II): Diagnostic Workup, Outcome, and Management. Eur Heart J. 39(22):2047-2062, 2018 06 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To focus on the diagnostic workup, outcome, and management of takotsubo syndrome (TTS). |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 96. Tung R, Bauer B, Schelbert H, et al. Incidence of abnormal positron emission tomography in patients with unexplained cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmias: The potential role of occult inflammation in arrhythmogenesis. Heart Rhythm. 12(12):2488-98, 2015 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
103 patients |
To evaluate the incidence of occult inflammation with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG PET/CT) imaging in a consecutive cohort of patients referred for management of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in the setting of "idiopathic" nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). |
Over a 3-year period, 103 PET scans were performed, with 49% (AIC+ 17, AIC 33) exhibiting focal FDG uptake. Mean patient age was 52 ± 12 years (ejection fraction 36% ± 16%). Patients with AIC were more likely to have a history of pacemaker (32% vs 6%, P = .002) compared to those with normal PET. When biopsy was performed, histologic diagnosis revealed nongranulomatous inflammation in 6 patients and sarcoidosis in 18 patients. Ninety percent of patients with AIC/AIC+ were prescribed immunosuppressive therapy, and 58% underwent ablation. Correlation between low voltage regions on electroanatomic mapping and FDG uptake was observed in 74%. Magnetic resonance imaging findings matched abnormal PET regions in only 40%. |
3 |
| 97. McCrohon JA, Moon JC, Prasad SK, et al. Differentiation of heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease using gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 108(1):54-9, 2003 Jul 08. |
Observational-Dx |
90 patients with chronic stable heart failure with dilated heart and
LV systolic dysfunction and 15 control subjects |
To evaluate cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the problem of differentiating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) from left ventricular (LV)dysfunction caused by coronary artery disease (CAD). |
Results—Late gadolinium enhancement with CMR was performed in 90 patients with heart failure and LVsystolic dysfunction (63 patients with DCM and unobstructed coronary arteries and 27 with significant CAD atangiography). We also studied 15 control subjects with no coronary risk factors and/or unobstructed coronary arteries.None (0%) of the control subjects had myocardial gadolinium enhancement; however, all patients (100%) with LVdysfunction and CAD had enhancement, which was subendocardial or transmural. In patients with DCM, there were 3findings: no enhancement (59%); myocardial enhancement indistinguishable from the patients with CAD (13%); andpatchy or longitudinal striae of midwall enhancement clearly different from the distribution in patients with CAD (28%). |
2 |
| 98. Gulati A, Jabbour A, Ismail TF, et al. Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.[Erratum appears in JAMA. 2013 Jul 3;310(1):99]. JAMA. 309(9):896-908, 2013 Mar 06. |
Observational-Tx |
472 patients |
To determine whether myocardial fibrosis (detected by late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance [LGE-CMR] imaging) is an independentand incremental predictor of mortality and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in dilated cardiomyopathy. |
Among the 142 patients with midwall fibrosis, there were 38 deaths (26.8%) vs 35 deaths (10.6%) among the 330 patients without fibrosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.96[95% CI, 1.87-4.69]; absolute risk difference, 16.2% [95% CI, 8.2%-24.2%]; P<.001) during a median follow-up of 5.3 years (2557 patient-years of follow-up). The arrhythmic composite was reached by 42 patients with fibrosis (29.6%) and 23 patients without fibrosis (7.0%) (HR, 5.24 [95% CI, 3.15-8.72]; absolute risk difference, 22.6% [95% CI, 14.6%-30.6%]; P<.001). After adjustment for LVEF and other conventional prognostic factors, both the presence of fibrosis (HR, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.50- 3.92]; P<.001) and the extent (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.06-1.16]; P<.001) were independently and incrementally associated with all-cause mortality. Fibrosis was also independently associated with cardiovascular mortality or cardiac transplantation (by fibrosis presence: HR, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.95-5.31], P<.001; and by fibrosis extent: HR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.10-1.20], P<.001), SCD or aborted SCD (by fibrosis presence: HR, 4.61 [95% CI, 2.75-7.74], P<.001; and by fibrosis extent: HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05- 1.16], P<.001), and the HF composite (by fibrosis presence: HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.00- 2.61], P=.049; and by fibrosis extent: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.13], P<.001). Addition of fibrosis to LVEF significantly improved risk reclassification for all-cause mortality and the SCD composite (net reclassification improvement: 0.26 [95% CI, 0.11-0.41]; P=.001 and 0.29 [95% CI, 0.11-0.48]; P=.002, respectively). |
2 |
| 99. Puntmann VO, Carr-White G, Jabbour A, et al. T1-Mapping and Outcome in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: All-Cause Mortality and Heart Failure. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 9(1):40-50, 2016 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
637 patients |
To examine prognostic relevance of T1 mapping parameters (based on a T1 mapping method) in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) and compare them with conventional markers of adverse outcome. |
During a median follow-up period of 22 months (interquartile range: 19 to 25 months), we observed a total of28 deaths (22 cardiac) and 68 composite HF events. T1 mapping indices (native T1 and extracellular volume fraction), aswell as the presence and extent of LGE, were predictive of all-cause mortality and HF endpoint (p < 0.001 for all). Inmultivariable analyses, native T1 was the sole independent predictor of all-cause and HF composite endpoints (hazardratio: 1.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.15; hazard ratio: 1.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.05 to 1.1; p < 0.001 forboth), followed by the models including the extent of LGE and right ventricular ejection fraction, respectively. |
2 |
| 100. Lopez-Fernandez T, Thavendiranathan P. Emerging Cardiac Imaging Modalities for the Early Detection of Cardiotoxicity Due to Anticancer Therapies. [Review]. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl). 70(6):487-495, 2017 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To outline existing cardiac imaging modalities to detect myocardial changes in patientsundergoing cancer treatment and in survivors, and their strengths and limitations. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 101. Thavendiranathan P, Wintersperger BJ, Flamm SD, Marwick TH. Cardiac MRI in the assessment of cardiac injury and toxicity from cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review. [Review]. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. 6(6):1080-91, 2013 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
summarize the existing data on the use of CMR for the following clinically important scenarios: (1) detection of early cardiacinjury, (2) identification of cardiotoxicity during or <1 year of treatment, (3) detection of late consequence of therapy (>1year post-treatment), and (4) monitoring response to cardioprotective therapy. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 102. Ylanen K, Poutanen T, Savikurki-Heikkila P, Rinta-Kiikka I, Eerola A, Vettenranta K. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the late effects of anthracyclines among long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 61(14):1539-47, 2013 Apr 09. |
Observational-Dx |
62 patients |
To examine the left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function and signs of focal fibrosis among long-term survivors of childhood cancer with the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. |
An abnormal LV function (EF <45%) was detected in 18% (11 of 62) of the survivors, and an abnormal RV functionwas detected in 27% (17 of 62) of the survivors. Subnormal (45% >= EF <55%) LV function were demonstratedin 61% (38 of 62) and subnormal RV function in 53% (33 of 62) of the survivors, respectively. Both theLV and RV end-systolic and LV end-diastolic volumes were increased compared with reference values. None ofthe study patients showed LGE. |
2 |
| 103. Renz DM, Rottgen R, Habedank D, et al. New insights into peripartum cardiomyopathy using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 183(9):834-41, 2011 Sep. |
Review/Other-Dx |
6 patients |
To evaluate a comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging approach in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). |
Initially, 3 of 5 patients presented with an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV); in one patient, the LVEDV was in the upper range. In 4 of 5 subjects, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was decreased. The T2 ratio and EGER values were initially elevated in all women. No LGE was detected in initial scans. In follow-up examinations, the LVEDV decreased and the LVEF increased in all patients. Tissue characterizing parameters decreased to normal in all but 1 patient. 2 patients showing LGE did not present a favorable clinical course. |
4 |
| 104. Verhaert D, Richards K, Rafael-Fortney JA, Raman SV. Cardiac involvement in patients with muscular dystrophies: magnetic resonance imaging phenotype and genotypic considerations. [Review]. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. 4(1):67-76, 2011 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 105. Tandon A, Villa CR, Hor KN, et al. Myocardial fibrosis burden predicts left ventricular ejection fraction and is associated with age and steroid treatment duration in duchenne muscular dystrophy. Journal of the American Heart Association. 4(4), 2015 Mar 26. |
Observational-Dx |
96 patients |
To examine the longitudinal relationship of myocardial fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction using cardiac magnetic resonance in a large Duchenne muscular dystrophy cohort. |
We reviewed 465 serial cardiac magnetic resonance studies (98 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patientswith =4 cardiac magnetic resonance studies) for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and presence of late gadoliniumenhancement (LGE), a marker for myocardial fibrosis. LVEF was modeled by examining LGE status, myocardial fibrosis burden (asassessed by the number of LGE-positive left ventricular segments), patient age, and steroid treatment duration. An age-only modeldemonstrated that LVEF declined 0.58+-0.10% per year. In patients with both LGE-negative and LGE-positive studies (n=51), LVEFdid not decline significantly over time if LGE was absent but declined 2.2+-0.31% per year when LGE was present. Univariatemodeling showed significant associations between LVEF and steroid treatment duration, presence of LGE, and number of LGEpositiveleft ventricular segments; multivariate modeling showed that LVEF declined by 0.93+- 0.09% for each LGE-positive leftventricular segment, whereas age and steroid treatment duration were not significant. The number of LGE-positive left ventricularsegments increased with age, and longer steroid treatment duration was associated with lower age-related increases. |
3 |
| 106. Hagenbuch SC, Gottliebson WM, Wansapura J, et al. Detection of progressive cardiac dysfunction by serial evaluation of circumferential strain in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. American Journal of Cardiology. 105(10):1451-5, 2010 May 15. |
Observational-Dx |
51 patients |
To evaluate progressive cardiac dysfunction using serial circumferential strain (Ecc) measurements in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). |
Data from 51 patients with DMD (2 studies per patient, mean age at the initial study 11.8 +- 3.5 years, range 7.4 to 25.4) were analyzed, with a mean interval between cardiac magnetic resonance studies of 15.6 +- 6.0 months (range 6.2 to 28.1). In the interval between studies, the Ecc had decreased in all patients with DMD. The average decrease was 1.8 +- 1.3 (p <0.001). However, the EF had decreased in 33 of the 51 patients and had increased in 18 of the 51 patients. On average, the EF decreased by 2.9 +- 8.57% (p = NS). |
2 |
| 107. Jacquier A, Thuny F, Jop B, et al. Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction. European Heart Journal. 31(9):1098-104, 2010 May. |
Observational-Dx |
64 patients |
To describe a method for measuring trabeculated left ventricular (LV) mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imagingand to assess its value in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). |
Between January 2003 and 2008, we prospectively included 16 patients with LVNC. During the mean period, we included 16 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 16 control subjects. Left ventricular volumes, LV ejection fraction, and trabeculated LV mass were measured in the four different populations. The percentage of trabeculated LV mass was almost three times higher in the patients with LVNC (32+-10%), compared with those with DCM (11+-4%, P < 0.0001), HCM (12+-4%, P < 0.0001), and controls (12+-5%, P < 0.0001). A value of trabeculated LV mass above 20% of the global mass of the LV predicted the diagnosis of LVNC with a sensitivity of 93.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 71.6–98.8%] and a specificity of 93.7% (95% CI, 83.1–97.8%; k = 0.84). |
3 |
| 108. Ashrith G, Gupta D, Hanmer J, Weiss RM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance characterization of left ventricular non-compaction provides independent prognostic information in patients with incident heart failure or suspected cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 16:64, 2014 Oct 02. |
Observational-Dx |
42 patients |
To test hypothesis that the severity and anatomic extent of left ventricular (LV) non-compaction (NC), along with the presence of LGE, would correlatewith clinical outcomes in patients with incident heart failure or suspected cardiomyopathy. |
LVNC was preferentially distributed among posterolateral segments, with apical predominance. Patients with maximum non-compacted-to-compacted thickness ratio (NC:C) < 3 improved by 0.9 ± 0.7 NYHA Class, compared to 0.3 ± 0.8 for patients with NC:C > 3 (p = 0.001). In 29 patients with baseline LVEF < 0.40, there was an inverse correlation between NC:C ratio, and the change in LVEF during follow-up. Tachyarrhythmias were observed in 42% of patients with LGE, and in 0% of patients without LGE (p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, arrhythmia incidence was significantly higher in patients with LGE, even when adjusted for LVEF and RVEF. |
3 |
| 109. Dodd JD, Holmvang G, Hoffmann U, et al. Quantification of left ventricular noncompaction and trabecular delayed hyperenhancement with cardiac MRI: correlation with clinical severity. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 189(4):974-80, 2007 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
9 patients with left ventricular noncompaction and 10 control subjects |
To investigate whether MRI can quantify the severity and extent of left ventricular noncompaction and detect trabecular delayed hyperenhancementand whether doing so can show a relationship with clinical stage of disease. |
Fifty-seven (39%) myocardial segments showed left ventricular noncompaction whereas 22 (17%) showed trabecular delayed hyperenhancement. Significant differences among clinical severity groups were noted in the severity and extent of left ventricular noncompaction at the mid (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively) and apical levels (p < 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively), severity of trabecular delayed hyperenhancement at the mid (p < 0.04) and apical levels (p < 0.02), and amount of trabecular delayed hyperenhancement at the apical level (p < 0.006). The extent of left ventricular noncompaction and the amount and degree oftrabecular delayed hyperenhancement correlated significantly with ejection fraction (EF) (r = -0.47, -0.53, -0.53, respectively, p < 0.05). The degree of trabecular delayed hyperenhancement was an independent predictor of EF (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Significant differences in the severity of trabecular delayed hyperenhancement were detected among patients with mild and those with moderate and severe clinical stage of disease (p < 0.0001). |
2 |
| 110. Thuny F, Jacquier A, Jop B, et al. Assessment of left ventricular non-compaction in adults: side-by-side comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with echocardiography. Archives of cardiovascular diseases. 103(3):150-9, 2010 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
16 patients |
To compare two-dimensional echocardiography with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the evaluation of patients with suspected left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). |
All segments could be analysed by CMR, whereas only 238 (87.5%) and 237 (87.1%) could be analysed by echocardiography at end-diastole and end-systole, respectively (p = 0.002). Among the analysable segments, a two-layered structure was observed in 54.0% by CMR, 42.9% by echocardiography at end-diastole and 41.4% by echocardiography at end-systole (p = 0.006). Similar distribution patterns were observed with the two echocardiographic methodologies. However, compared with echocardiography, CMR identified a higher rate of two-layered structures in the anterior, anterolateral, inferolateral and inferior segments. Echocardiography at end-systole underestimated the NC/C maximum ratio compared with CMR (p = 0.04) and echocardiography at end-diastole (p = 0.003). No significant difference was observed between CMR and echocardiography at end-diastole (p = 0.83). Interobserver reproducibility of the NC/C maximum ratio was similar for the three methodologies. |
1 |
| 111. Stacey RB, Andersen MM, St Clair M, Hundley WG, Thohan V. Comparison of systolic and diastolic criteria for isolated LV noncompaction in CMR. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 6(9):931-40, 2013 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
122 patients |
To compare standard criteria for left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). |
ES criteria had a higher odds ratio (8.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5 to 33) for combined events than ED criteria (1.8; 95% CI: 0.6 to 5.8) or TMTMR criteria (3.14; 95% CI: 1.09 to 10.2). The odds ratio of CHF for those who met ESNCCR criteria was 29.4 (95% CI: 6.6 to 125), but the odds ratio of CHF for those who met EDNCCR criteria was 3.3 (95% CI: 1.1 to 9.2). After adjustment, those who met criteria for noncompaction by ESNCCR had a lower LVEF and less MT than those who did not (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively), but there was no difference between those who met criteria for EDNCCR or the TMTMR criteria and those who did not. |
3 |
| 112. Kawel N, Nacif M, Arai AE, et al. Trabeculated (noncompacted) and compact myocardium in adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging. 5(3):357-66, 2012 May 01. |
Observational-Dx |
1000 patients |
To determine the normal range of the T/M ratio in a large population-based study and to examine the relationship to demographic and clinicalparameters. |
The thickness of trabeculation and the compact myocardium were measured in eight LV regions on long axis cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) steady-state freeprecession cine images in 1000 participants (551 women; 68.1±8.9 years) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Of 323 participants without cardiac disease or hypertension and with all regions evaluable 140 (43%) had a T/M ratio >2.3 in at least one region; in 20/323 (6%), T/M>2.3 was present in more than two regions. Multivariable linear regression model revealed no association of age, gender, ethnicity, height and weight with maximum T/M ratio in participantswithout cardiac disease or hypertension (p>0.05). In the entire cohort (n=1000) LVEF (ß= -0.02/%; p=0.015), LVEDV (ß=0.01/ml; p=<0.0001) and LVESV (ß=0.01/ml; p<0.001) were associated with maximum T/M ratio in adjusted models while there was no association with hypertension or myocardial infarction (p>0.05). At the apical level T/M ratios were significantly lower when obtained on short- compared to long-axis images (p=0.017). |
3 |
| 113. Weir-McCall JR, Yeap PM, Papagiorcopulo C, et al. Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Anatomical Phenotype or Distinct Cardiomyopathy?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 68(20):2157-2165, 2016 Nov 15. |
Observational-Dx |
1480 patients |
To determine the prevalence and predictors of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) in a healthy population using 4 cardiac magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic criteria. |
Of 1,480 participants analyzed, 219 (14.8%) met $1 diagnostic criterion for LVNC, 117 (7.9%) met 2 criteria, 63 (4.3%) met 3 criteria, and 19 (1.3%) met all 4 diagnostic criteria. There was no difference in demographic or allometric measures between those with and without LVNC. Long axis noncompaction ratios were the least specific, with current diagnostic criteria positive in 219 (14.8%), whereas the noncompacted to compacted myocardial mass ratio was the most specific, only being met in 61 (4.4%). |
3 |
| 114. Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Bernhardt P, et al. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 306(3):277-86, 2011 Jul 20. |
Review/Other-Dx |
256 patients |
To comprehensively define the clinical spectrum and evolution of SC in a large population, including tissue characterization data from cardiovascular magneticresonance (CMR) imaging; and to establish a set of CMR criteria suitable for diagnostic decision making in patients acutely presenting with suspected SC. |
Eighty-one percent of patients (n=207) were postmenopausal women, 8% (n=20) were younger women (aged<=50 years), and 11% (n=29) were men. A stressfultrigger could be identified in 182 patients (71%). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging data (available for 239 patients [93%]) revealed 4 distinct patterns ofregional ventricular ballooning: apical (n=197 [82%]), biventricular (n=81 [34%]), midventricular (n=40 [17%]), and basal (n=2 [1%]). Left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced (48% [SD, 11%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 47%-50%) in all patients. Stress cardiomyopathy was accurately identified by CMR using specific criteria: a typical pattern of LV dysfunction, myocardial edema, absence of significant necrosis/fibrosis, and markers for myocardial inflammation. Follow-up CMR imaging showed complete normalization of LV ejection fraction (66% [SD, 7%]; 95% CI, 64%- 68%) and inflammatory markers in the absence of significant fibrosis in all patients. |
4 |
| 115. Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, et al. Non-contrast T1-mapping detects acute myocardial edema with high diagnostic accuracy: a comparison to T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 14:42, 2012 Jun 21. |
Observational-Dx |
21 patients and 21 controls |
To compare T1-mapping using the novel ShMOLLI sequence, dark-blood and bright-blood T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (T2w- CMR) in the detection of acute myocardial edema. |
All patients had acute cardiac symptoms, increased Troponin I (0.15-36.80 ug/L) and acute wall motionabnormalities but no LGE. T1 was increased in patient segments with abnormal and normal wall motion comparedto controls (1113 ± 94 ms, 1029 ± 59 ms and 944 ± 17 ms, respectively; p<0.001). T2 SI ratio using STIR and ACUT2Ewas also increased in patient segments with abnormal and normal wall motion compared to controls (all p<0.02).Receiver operator characteristics analysis showed that T1-mapping had a significantly larger area-under-the-curve(AUC = 0.94) compared to T2-weighted methods, whether the reference ROI was skeletal muscle or remotemyocardium (AUC = 0.58-0.89; p<0.03). A T1 value of greater than 990 ms most optimally differentiated segmentsaffected by edema from normal segments at 1.5 T, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92 %. |
2 |
| 116. Nakamori S, Matsuoka K, Onishi K, et al. Prevalence and signal characteristics of late gadolinium enhancement on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Circulation Journal. 76(4):914-21, 2012. |
Observational-Dx |
23 patients |
To determine the prevalence and signal intensity (SI) characteristics of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC). |
Cine, black-blood T2-weighted and LGE MR images were acquired in 23 patients with TC within 72 h of onset. Wall motion abnormality (WMA), edema and LGE were evaluated with a 16-segment model. The SI characteristics of LGE were analyzed using SI distribution in remote normal segments as reference. Follow-upMRI was performed 3 months later. Retrospective analysis of LGE MRI was also performed in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to compare the SI characteristics between TC and AMI. In acute phase, WMA and edema were observed in 236 (64%) and 205 (56%) of 368 segments. LGE was observed in 10 (2.7%) of 368 segments and in 5 (22%) of 23 patients. All LGE lesions in TC exhibited transmural enhancement. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in TC was significantly lower than that of AMI (3.1±0.3 standard deviations (SD) vs. 6.1±1.2 SD, P<0.01), and CNR value of 4 was useful for distinguishing TC from AMI. Both LGE and WMA disappeared within 12 months. |
2 |
| 117. Naruse Y, Sato A, Kasahara K, et al. The clinical impact of late gadolinium enhancement in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: serial analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance images. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 13:67, 2011 Oct 29. |
Observational-Tx |
20 patients |
To investigate both the clinical implications of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and the relation of LGE to clinical findings in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). |
In 8 patients, CMR imaging during the sub-acute phase revealed LGE in the area matched with wallmotion impairment. Cardiogenic shock was more frequently observed in patients with LGE than in those withoutLGE (38% vs 0%, p = 0.049). The patients with LGE needed a longer duration for ECG normalization and recoveryof wall motion than did those without LGE (median 205 days, IQR [152-363] vs 68 days, [43-145], p = 0.005; 15days, [10-185] vs 7 days, [4-13], p = 0.030, respectively). In 5 of these 8 patients, LGE disappeared within 45-180days (170, IQR [56-180]) of onset. The patients with LGE remaining in the chronic phase had higher peak creatinekinase levels than did those without LGE (median 307 IU/L, IQR [264-460] vs 202 IU/L, [120-218], p = 0.017). |
2 |
| 118. Scally C, Rudd A, Mezincescu A, et al. Persistent Long-Term Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Changes After Stress-Induced (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 137(10):1039-1048, 2018 03 06. |
Observational-Dx |
37 patients |
To discuss the persistent long-term structural, functional and metabolic changes after stress-induced (takotsubo) cardiomyoatphy. |
Participants were predominantly middle-age (64±11 years) women (97%). Although takotsubo cardiomyopathy occurred 20 (range 13-39) months before the study, the majority (88%) of patients had persisting symptoms compatible with heart failure (median of 13 [range 0-76] in the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire) and cardiac limitation on exercise testing (reduced peak oxygen consumption, 24±1.3 versus 31±1.3 mL/kg/min, P<0.001; increased VE/Vco2 slope, 31±1 versus 26±1, P=0.002). Despite normal left ventricular ejection fraction and serum biomarkers, patients with prior takotsubo cardiomyopathy had impaired cardiac deformation indices (reduced apical circumferential strain, -16±1.0 versus -23±1.5%, P<0.001; global longitudinal strain, -17±1 versus -20±1%, P=0.006), increased native T1 mapping values (1264±10 versus 1184±10 ms, P<0.001), and impaired cardiac energetic status (phosphocreatine/?-adenosine triphosphate ratio, 1.3±0.1 versus 1.9±0.1, P<0.001). |
3 |
| 119. Thavendiranathan P, Poulin F, Lim KD, Plana JC, Woo A, Marwick TH. Use of myocardial strain imaging by echocardiography for the early detection of cardiotoxicity in patients during and after cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review. [Review]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 63(25 Pt A):2751-68, 2014 Jul 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe echocardiographic myocardial deformation parameters in 1,504 patients during or after cancer chemotherapy for 3 clinically-relevantscenarios. |
The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for SystematicReviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the EMBASE (1974 to November 2013) and MEDLINE (1946 toNovember 2013) databases. All studies of early myocardial changes with chemotherapy demonstrate thatalterations of myocardial deformation precede significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Usingtissue Doppler-based strain imaging, peak systolic longitudinal strain rate has most consistently detected earlymyocardial changes during therapy, whereas with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), peak systolic globallongitudinal strain (GLS) appears to be the best measure. A 10% to 15% early reduction in GLS by STE duringtherapy appears to be the most useful parameter for the prediction of cardiotoxicity, defined as a drop in LVEFor heart failure. In late survivors of cancer, measures of global radial and circumferential strain are consistentlyabnormal, even in the context of normal LVEF, but their clinical value in predicting subsequent ventriculardysfunction or heart failure has not been explored. |
4 |
| 120. Bauersachs J, Arrigo M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, et al. Current management of patients with severe acute peripartum cardiomyopathy: practical guidance from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. [Review]. European Journal of Heart Failure. 18(9):1096-105, 2016 09. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 121. Zhang X, Yuan L, Qiu L, et al. Incremental value of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction. Fronteras en Medicina. 10(4):499-506, 2016 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
85 patients and 40 healthy volunteers |
To determine whether left ventricular opacification (LVO) offered added diagnostic value in noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium (NCVM). |
Results revealed that NCVM was mainly located in the LV medium (53.2%), apical (46.2%) segments, and lateral wall (39.8%). The NCR obtained through LVO was greater than that detected through 2DE (4.2 +- 1.3 vs. 3.3 +- 1.2, P < 0.001), and higher inter-correlations and less intra- and inter-observer variabilities weredetermined in the former than in the latter. The NCVM detection rates were also increased from 63.5% via 2DE to 83.5% via LVO and 89.4% via 2DE combined with LVO (2DE + LVO) (P = 0.0004). The LV cavity size was greater and the LVejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in the NCVM patients than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the NCVM group, the LV cavity size was higher and the LVEF was lower in LVO than in 2DE (P < 0.01). |
2 |
| 122. Kalapos A, Domsik P, Forster T, Nemes A. Left ventricular strain reduction is not confined to the noncompacted segments in noncompaction cardiomyopathy-insights from the three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-path study. Echocardiography. 31(5):638-43, 2014 May. |
Observational-Dx |
8 patients and 11 healthy volunteers |
To evaluate different contributions of noncompacted and compacted left ventricular (LV) segments to the global LV dysfunction by three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE)-derived strain parameters in noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM). |
The present study comprised 9 patients with typical features of NCCM. Due to the limited image quality, one patient was excluded from the evaluations.Finally, 128 segments of 8 NCCM patients were assessed. Their results were compared to 176 segments of 11 healthy volunteers. Complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography extended with 3DSTE has been performed in all cases. Results: Fifty-five of 128 LV segments (43%) proved to be noncompactedin NCCM patients. All strain parameters of segments of NCCM patients were significantly lower as compared to segments of controls. Only radial strain (6.99 +- 7.36% vs. 12.58 +- 12.78% vs. 25.24 +-11.76 < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and 3D strain (7.79 +-7.59% vs. 14.67 +-4.04% vs. 27.78 +-2.57%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) showed further reduction in noncompacted segments as compared to compacted segments. |
2 |
| 123. Marcus FI, McKenna WJ, Sherrill D, et al. Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: proposed modification of the Task Force Criteria. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(7):806-814. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the clinical diagnosis of ARVD/D. |
Revision of the diagnostic criteria provides guidance on the role of emerging diagnostic modalities and advances in the genetics of ARVD/D. The criteria have been modified to incorporate new knowledge and technology to improve diagnostic sensitivity, but with the important requisite of maintaining diagnostic specificity. The approach of classifying structural, histological, electrocardiographic, arrhythmic, and genetic features of the disease as major and minor criteria has been maintained. In this modification of the Task Force criteria, quantitative criteria are proposed and abnormalities are defined on the basis of comparison with normal subject data. |
4 |
| 124. te Riele AS, Tandri H, Bluemke DA. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC): cardiovascular magnetic resonance update. [Review]. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 16:50, 2014 Jul 20. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide an updated review of our understanding of the genetics, diagnosis, current state-of-the-art Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) acquisition and analysis, and management of patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC). |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 125. Huizar JF, Ellenbogen KA, Tan AY, Kaszala K. Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. [Review]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 73(18):2328-2344, 2019 May 14. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review and present an update of the current understanding of arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AiCM). |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 126. Hasdemir C, Yuksel A, Camli D, et al. Late gadolinium enhancement CMR in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy caused by idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Pacing & Clinical Electrophysiology. 35(4):465-70, 2012 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
298 patients |
To determine the prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TICMP) caused by idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. |
Twenty-seven (9.1%) patients found to have LVEF =50% and diagnosed as presumptive TICMP. Improvement in LVEF after effective treatment of index ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 22 of 27 patients (TICMP group; mean PVC burden of 30.8 ± 9.9%). LVEF did not improve in five of 27 patients(primary cardiomyopathy group; mean PVC burden of 28.8 ± 10.1%). LGE-cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed in 19 of 22 patients with TICMP and one patient (5%) had LGE. All five patients with primary cardiomyopathy underwent LGE-CMR imaging and four patients (80%) had LGE. |
4 |
| 127. Nakajima T, Kimura F, Kajimoto K, Kasanuki H, Hagiwara N. Utility of ECG-gated MDCT to differentiate patients with ARVC/D from patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2013;7:223-33. |
Observational-Dx |
77 |
To propose a comprehensive system for scoring characteristic CT findings to diagnose ARVC/D and discuss its utility. |
For overall (definite and borderline) and definite ARVC/D diagnosis, sensitivities were 77.8% and 87.0%, specificities were 96.0% and 94.4%,positive predictive values were 91.3% and 87.0%, negative predictive values were 88.9% and 94.4%, and accuracies were 89.6% and 92.2%, respectively |
3 |
| 128. Bourfiss M, Vigneault DM, Aliyari Ghasebeh M, et al. Feature tracking CMR reveals abnormal strain in preclinical arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/ cardiomyopathy: a multisoftware feasibility and clinical implementation study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 19(1):66, 2017 Sep 01. |
Observational-Dx |
110 subjects |
To assess the clinical value of global and regional strain using Feature Tracking Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (FT-CMR) in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dyplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) and to determine differences between commercially available FT-CMR software packages. |
For global strain, all methods showed reduced strain in overt ARVD/C patients compared to control subjects (p < 0.041), whereas none distinguished preclinical from control subjects (p > 0.275). For regional strain, overt ARVD/C patients showed reduced strain compared to control subjects in all segments which reached statistical significance in the subtricuspid region for all software methods (p < 0.037), in the anterior wall for two methods (p < 0.005) and in the apex for one method (p = 0.012). Preclinical subjects showed abnormal subtricuspid strain compared to control subjects using one of the software methods (p = 0.009). Agreement between software methods for absolute strain values was low (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.373). |
2 |
| 129. Vigneault DM, te Riele AS, James CA, et al. Right ventricular strain by MR quantitatively identifies regional dysfunction in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 43(5):1132-9, 2016 May. |
Observational-Tx |
110 patients |
To use feature tracking to analyze regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). |
Strain was significantly impaired in overt ARVC compared with control subjects both globally (P < 0.01) and regionally (all segments of HLA view, P < 0.01). In the HLA view, regional reproducibility was excellent within (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.81) and moderate between (ICC = 0.62) observers. Using a threshold of -31% subtricuspid strain in the HLA view, the sensitivity and specificity for overt ARVC were 75.0% and 78.2%, respectively. In multivariable analysis involving all three groups, subtricuspid strain less than -31% (beta = 1.38; P = 0.014) and RV end diastolic volume index (beta = 0.06; P = 0.001) were significant predictors of disease presence. |
2 |
| 130. Saberniak J, Leren IS, Haland TF, et al. Comparison of patients with early-phase arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia. European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging. 18(1):62-69, 2017 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
44 consecutive RVOT-VT and 121 ARVC patients |
To compare electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and morphological right ventricular (RV) abnormalities and investigate if ECG and cardiac imaging can help to discriminate early-phase arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)-ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients. |
We included 44 consecutive RVOT-VT (47+-14 years) and 121 ARVC patients (42+-17 years). Of the ARVC patients, 77 had definite ARVC and 44 had early-phase ARVC disease. All underwent clinical examination, ECG, and Holter monitoring. Frequency of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) was expressed as percent per total beats/24 h (%PVC), and PVC configuration was recorded. By echocardiography, we assessed indexed RV basal diameter (RVD), indexed RVOT diameter, and RV and left ventricular (LV) function. RV mechanical dispersion (RVMD), reflecting RV contraction heterogeneity, was assessed by speckle-tracking strain echocardiography. RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Patients with early-phase ARVC had lower %PVC by Holter and PVC more frequently originated from the RV lateral free wall (both P < 0.001). RVD was larger (21+-3 vs. 19+-2 mm, P < 0.01), RVMD was more pronounced (22+15 vs. 15+13 ms, P = 0.03), and RVEF by CMR was decreased (41+-8 vs. 49+-4%, P < 0.001) in early-phase ARVC vs. RVOT-VT patients. |
2 |
| 131. Piers SR, Tao Q, van Huls van Taxis CF, Schalij MJ, van der Geest RJ, Zeppenfeld K. Contrast-enhanced MRI-derived scar patterns and associated ventricular tachycardias in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: implications for the ablation strategy. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 6(5):875-83, 2013 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
19 patients |
(1) To identify typical MRI-derived scar patterns and the associated 12-lead VT morphologies in consecutive patients with NICM who underwent CE-MRI and VT ablation, (2) To evaluate its implications for the ablation strategy, and (3) To analyze the value of bipolar and unipolar endocardial voltage mapping to detect the CE-MRI–derived VT substrate in patients with NICM. |
Nineteen consecutive patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (age 58±14 years, 79% men, leftventricular ejection fraction 41±11%) who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI and VT ablation were included. On thebasis of 3-dimensional contrast-enhanced MRI–derived scar reconstructions, 8 patients (42%) had predominant basalanteroseptal scar, 9 patients (47%) had predominant inferolateral scar, and 2 patients (11%) had other scar types. Threedistinct VT morphologies (=1 of 3 inducible in 16/19 patients) were associated with underlying scar type. In 9 patientswith anteroseptal scar–related VT (8/9 predominant scar, 1/9 nonpredominant), ablation target sites (defined as siteswith =11/12 pacemap, concealed entrainment or VT termination during ablation) were located in the aortic root and/oranteroseptal left ventricular endocardium in 8 patients (89%) and in the anterior cardiac vein in 1 patient (11%), withadditional target sites at the right ventricular septum in 2 patients (22%) and at the epicardium in 1 patient (11%). Incontrast, in 8 patients with predominant inferolateral scar–related VT, target sites were located at the epicardium in 5patients (63%) and in the endocardial inferolateral left ventricle in 3 patients (37%). |
3 |
| 132. Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, et al. T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. Jacc: Cardiovascular Imaging. 6(10):1048-1058, 2013 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
50 patients with suspected acute myocarditis and 45 controls |
To test the diagnostic performance of native T1 mapping in acute myocarditis compared with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques such as dark-blood T2-weighted (T2W)-CMR, bright-blood T2W-CMR, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. |
Compared with controls, patients had significantly higher global T2 signal intensity ratios by dark-blood T2W-CMR (1.73 +- 0.27 vs. 1.56 +- 0.15, p < 0.01), bright-blood T2W-CMR (2.02 +- 0.33 vs. 1.84 +- 0.17, p < 0.01), and mean myocardial T1 (1,010 +- 65 ms vs. 941 +- 18 ms, p < 0.01). Receiver-operatingcharacteristic analysis showed clear differences in diagnostic performance. The areas under the curve for each method were: T1 mapping (0.95), LGE (0.96), dark-blood T2 (0.78), and bright-blood T2 (0.76). A T1 cutoff of 990 ms had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 90%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. |
3 |
| 133. Prasad M, Hermann J, Gabriel SE, et al. Cardiorheumatology: cardiac involvement in systemic rheumatic disease. [Review]. Nat Rev Cardiol. 12(3):168-76, 2015 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To examine the multiple cardiovascular manifestations in patients with rheumatological disorders, their underlying pathophysiology, and available management strategies, with particular emphasis on the vascular aspects of the emerging field of 'cardiorheumatology'. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 134. Chagas disease in Latin America: an epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2015;90:33-43. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present an update of the epidemiological information on Chagas disease from 21 Latin American countries based on the available 2010 demographic and epidemiological information. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 135. Torreao JA, Ianni BM, Mady C, et al. Myocardial tissue characterization in Chagas' heart disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 17:97, 2015 Nov 18. |
Observational-Dx |
54 patients |
To investigate the presence of late gadolinium enhancement, myocardial hyper intensity of signal in T2-weighted sequence (T2W) and in T1-weighted myocardial early gadolinium enhancement sequence (MEGE) in patients with Chagas’ heart disease in three distinct and progressive stages of the disease’s natural history. |
Late gadolinium enhancement was present in 72.2 % of all patients, in 12.5 % of IND, 94.1 % of the CPND and 100 % of the CPD patients (p < 0.0001). Myocardial increase in signal intensity in T2-weighted images (T2W) was present in 77.8 % of all patients, in 31.3 % of the IND, 94.1 % of the CPND and 100 % of the CPD patients (p < 0.0001). T1-weighted myocardial early gadolinium enhancement (MEGE) was present in 73.8 % of all patients, in 25.0 % of the IND, 92.3 % of the CPND and 94.1 % of the CPD (p < 0.0001). A good correlation between LGE and T2W was observed (r = 0.72, and p < 0.001). |
2 |
| 136. Dambrin G, Laissy JP, Serfaty JM, Caussin C, Lancelin B, Paul JF. Diagnostic value of ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography in the early phase of suspected acute myocarditis. A preliminary comparative study with cardiac MRI. European Radiology. 17(2):331-8, 2007 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
12 patients |
To determine the potential diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced echocardiogram (ECG)-gated multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in thesetting of suspected acute myocarditis compared with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
The study group consisted of 12 consecutive patients admitted for suspected acute myocarditis less than 10 days after onset of symptoms. Allpatients had clinical, electrocardiographic signs, and laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis. All patients but one (severe claustrophobia)underwent cardiac MRI using T1-weighted delayed-enhancement images after injection of gadolinium. ECG-gated MDCT was performed inall patients and included a first-pass contrast-enhanced acquisition and a delayed acquisition. MRI revealed abnormal focal or multifocal myocardialenhancement and confirmed the diagnosis in 11 patients. The first-pass MDCT acquisition showed homogenous left-ventricle contrast enhancementand absence of coronary stenosis in all patients. Delayed MDCT acquisition, performed 5 min later without reinjection of contrast medium revealedmultiple areas of myocardial hyperenhancement in a focal or a multifocal pattern (six and six patients, respectively). Extent and location of hyperenhancement at MDCT correlated well with that observed at MR examination for all 11 patients evaluated by both techniques (r=0.9167, p=0.0004). |
2 |
| 137. Patriki D, Gresser E, Manka R, Emmert MY, Luscher TF, Heidecker B. Approximation of the Incidence of Myocarditis by Systematic Screening With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JACC Heart Failure. 6(7):573-579, 2018 07.JACC Heart Fail. 6(7):573-579, 2018 07. |
Observational-Dx |
1788 patients |
To obtain an approximation of the true incidence of myocarditis by systematic screening of patients at risk using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in a tertiary care center. |
A total of 1,788 patients (74% male, age 69 +- 14 years) qualified for our analysis. In 2015, 521 patients presented with angina-like symptoms and TnT-hs elevation. In 2016, the number increased to 1,267 patients. Although in the year 2015, a total of 4 of 88 (5%) CMRs were positive for myocarditis, the percentage of positive CMRs doubled (26 of 199; 13%; p = 0.03) in 2016. |
3 |
| 138. Chu GC, Flewitt JA, Mikami Y, Vermes E, Friedrich MG. Assessment of acute myocarditis by cardiovascular MR: diagnostic performance of shortened protocols. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 29(5):1077-83, 2013 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
35 patients and 10 healthy volunteers |
To compare the diagnostic performance of the Lake Louise Criteria with and without T2-weighted or early gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in a clinical setting. |
EGEr, T2, and LGE burden were significantly higher in patients than in controls (EGEr: 5.8 ± 3.0 vs. 2.5 ± 1.7; p = 0.002, T2: 24 vs. 0; p<0.001, LGE: 27 vs. 4; p<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were as follows: EGEr: 66, 90, 96, 43, and 72 %; T2: 69, 100, 100, 53, and 76 %; LGE: 77, 60, 87, 43 and 73 %; T2 and/or LGE: 91, 60, 89, 67, 84 % Lake Louise Criteria, ‘‘two out of three’’: 80, 90, 96, 53, and 82 %. The sensitivity of ‘‘T2 and/or LGE’’ was significantly higher than the Lake Louise Criteria (p<0.05), while the overall diagnostic accuracy was not statistically different. The overall diagnostic accuracy ‘‘T2 and/or LGE’’ was significantly better than that of LGE alone. The positive likelihood ratio was higher for the Lake Louise Criteria (7.7) than for EGE alone (6.3), T2 and/or LGE (2.3) or LGE alone (1.9). In patients with clinical evidence for relevant active myocarditis, skipping T2-weighted imaging or early GD enhancement is associated with a significantly lower positive likelihood ratio, while the removal of Early Gd Enhancement imaging does not change diagnostic overall accuracy, while reducing sensitivity. |
2 |
| 139. Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, et al. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation: Expert Recommendations. [Review]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 72(24):3158-3176, 2018 12 18. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review current published evidence and revise the Lake Louise Criteria accordingly in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) further in detecting myocardial inflammation. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 140. Mahrholdt H, Wagner A, Deluigi CC, et al. Presentation, patterns of myocardial damage, and clinical course of viral myocarditis. Circulation 2006;114:1581-90. |
Observational-Dx |
128 patients |
To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical presentation of cardiac parvovirus B19 (PVB19) and/or human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) infection in a cohort of myocarditis patients as well as to follow its clinical course. |
Consequently, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical presentation of cardiac PVB19 and/or HHV6 infection in a cohort of myocarditis patients and to follow its clinical course. In addition, we sought to demonstrate patterns of myocardial damage and to determine predictors for chronic heart failure. Our study design consisted of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol as well as endomyocardial biopsies in the myocardial region affected as indicated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. One hundred twenty-eight patients were enrolled by clinical criteria. In the group of myocarditis patients (n=87), PVB19 (n=49), HHV6 (n=16), and combined PVB19/HHV6 infections (n=15) were detected most frequently. The remaining patients were diagnosed with healing myocarditis (n=15) or did not have myocarditis (n=26). Patients with PVB19 presented in a manner similar to that of myocardial infarction; most had typical subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement in the lateral wall and recovered within months. Conversely, patients with HHV6 and especially with HHV6/PVB19 myocarditis presented with new onset of heart failure, had septal late gadolinium enhancement, and frequently progressed toward chronic heart failure. |
2 |
| 141. Berg J, Kottwitz J, Baltensperger N, et al. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Myocarditis Reveals Persistent Disease Activity Despite Normalization of Cardiac Enzymes and Inflammatory Parameters at 3-Month Follow-Up. Circulation: Heart Failure. 10(11), 2017 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
24 patients |
To evaluate whether routine laboratory parameters at diagnosis predict dynamic of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) as persistent LGE has been shown tobe a risk marker in myocarditis. |
Myocarditis was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, high-sensitivity troponin T, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, after exclusion of obstructive coronary artery disease by angiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was repeated at 3 months. LGE extent was analyzed with the software GT Volume.Change in LGE >20% was considered significant. Investigated cardiac and inflammatory markers included high-sensitivity troponin T, creatine kinase,myoglobin, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte count. Twenty-four patients were enrolled. Absolute levels ofcardiac enzymes and inflammatory markers at baseline did not predict change in LGE at 3 months. Cardiac and inflammatory markers hadnormalized in 21 patients (88%). LGE significantly improved in 16 patients (67%); however, it persisted to a lesser degree in 17 of them (71%) andincreased in a small percentage (21%) despite normalization of cardiac enzymes. |
2 |
| 142. Schumm J, Greulich S, Wagner A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance risk stratification in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 16:14, 2014 Jan 26. |
Observational-Tx |
405 patients |
To demonstrate that patients with clinically suspected myocarditis and a normal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) according to our definition have a good prognosis, independent of their clinical symptoms and other findings. |
Follow-up was available for n = 405 patients (all-comers, 54.8% inpatients, 38% outpatient referrals fromcardiologists). Median follow-up time was 1591 days. CMR diagnosis was “myocarditis” in 28.8%, “normal” in 55.6% and“other pathology” in 15.6%. Normal CMR was defined as normal left ventricular (LV) volumes and normal left ventricularejection fraction (LV-EF) in the absence of late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE). The overall mortality was 3.2%. Therewere seven cardiac deaths during follow-up, in addition one aborted SCD and two patients had appropriate internalcardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks – all of these occurred in patients with abnormal CMR. Kaplan-Meier analysis withlog-rank test showed significant difference for major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, sudden cardiac death (SCD),ICD discharge, aborted SCD) between patients with normal and abnormal CMR (p = 0.0003). |
1 |
| 143. Regueiro A, Garcia-Alvarez A, Sitges M, et al. Myocardial involvement in Chagas disease: insights from cardiac magnetic resonance. International Journal of Cardiology. 165(1):107-12, 2013 Apr 30. |
Observational-Dx |
67 patients |
To describe CMR findings in patients with Chagas' disease living in a non-endemic area focusing on differentiation from other cardiomyopathies and relation with clinical status. |
The presence of wall motion abnormalities and delayed enhancement (DE) by CMR was more frequent in the inferolateral and apical segments. DE distribution in the myocardial wall was heterogeneous (subendocardial 26.8%, midwall 14.0%, subepicardial 22.6%, and transmural 36.0% of total segments with DE) and related to larger cardiac chambers and worse systolic function. |
3 |
| 144. Acquatella H, Asch FM, Barbosa MM, et al. Recommendations for Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in Patients with Chagas Disease: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography in Collaboration With the InterAmerican Association of Echocardiography (ECOSIAC) and the Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC-SBC). J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 31(1):3-25, 2018 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide recommendations for the use of cardiac ultrasound and other imaging modalities in the diagnosis, classification, and risk assessment of myocardial damage from early to advanced forms of Chagas heart disease (ChHD). |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 145. Gomes VA, Alves GF, Hadlich M, et al. Analysis of Regional Left Ventricular Strain in Patients with Chagas Disease and Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 29(7):679-88, 2016 07. |
Experimental-Tx |
168 patients |
To determine if patients with chronic Chagas disease and normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions present abnormalities in global and segmental LV strain (e). |
Mean age, chamber dimensions, and LV ejection fraction were similar among the groups. Global longitudinal (group C, -19 ± 2%; group I, -19 ± 2%; group A, -19 ± 2%), circumferential (group C, -19 ± 3%; group I, -20 ± 3%; group A, -19 ± 3%), and radial (group C, 46 ± 10%; group I, 45 ± 13%; group A, 42 ± 14%) LV e were similar among the groups. Segmental longitudinal, circumferential, and radial LV e were similar across the studied groups. Seven of 14 patients had areas of fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with fibrosis had lower global longitudinal (-15 ± 2% vs -18 ± 2%, P = .004), circumferential (-14 ± 2% vs -19 ± 2%, P = .002), and radial LV e (36 ± 13% vs 54 ± 12%, P = .02) than those without cardiac fibrosis despite similar LV ejection fractions. Patients with fibrosis had lower radial LV e in the basal inferoseptal wall than patients without cardiac fibrosis (27 ± 17% vs 60 ± 15%, P = .04). |
2 |
| 146. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Appropriateness-Criteria/RadiationDoseAssessmentIntro.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
