| 1. Cartin-Ceba R, Swanson KL, Krowka MJ. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Chest. 2013;144(3):1033-1044. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present a contemporary overview of the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and management of PAVM. |
PAVMs are abnormal vascular structures that most often connect a pulmonary artery to a pulmonary vein, bypassing the normal pulmonary capillary bed and resulting in an intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. The main complications of PAVM result from intrapulmonary shunt and include stroke, brain abscess, and hypoxemia. These malformations may be idiopathic or genetic (eg, HHT) or relate to secondary conditions such as hepatopulmonary syndrome and bidirectional cavopulmonary shunts. The most common cause of PAVM is HHT. The preferred screening test for PAVM is TTCE, and chest CT scan is performed to establish the presence of PAVM. Embolization with the use of transcatheter embolization is the treatment of choice and is safe and effective in experienced hands. Collateralization and recanalization may occur, so lifelong follow-up is important. Antibiotic prophylaxis for procedures with a risk of bacteremia (eg, dental procedures) is recommended in all patients with PAVM. |
4 |
| 2. Gossage JR, Kanj G. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. A state of the art review. [Review] [135 refs]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 158(2):643-61, 1998 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
No abstract available |
No abstract available |
4 |
| 3. McAllister KA, Grogg KM, Johnson DW, et al. Endoglin, a TGF-beta binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. Nat Genet 1994;8:345-51. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To analyse endoglin, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) binding protein, as a candidate gene for the disorder based on chromosomal location, expression pattern and function. |
No results in abstract |
4 |
| 4. Berg JN, Gallione CJ, Stenzel TT, et al. The activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene: genomic structure and mutations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2. Am J Hum Genet 1997;61:60-7. |
Review/Other-Dx |
7 families |
To present the genomic structure of the ALK-1 gene, a type I serine-threonine kinase receptor expressed predominantly in endothelial cells. |
By sequencing ALK-1 from genomic DNA, mutations were found in six of six families with HHT either shown to link to chromosome 12q13 or in which linkage of HHT to chromosome 9q33 had been excluded. Mutations were also found in three of six patients from families in which available linkage data were insufficient to allow certainty with regard to the locus involved. The high rate of detection of mutations by genomic sequencing of ALK-1 suggests that this will be a useful diagnostic test for HHT2, particularly where preliminary linkage to chromosome 12q13 can be established. In two cases in which premature termination codons were found in genomic DNA, the mutant mRNA was either not present or present at barely detectable levels. These data suggest that mutations in ALK-1 are functionally null alleles. |
4 |
| 5. Gallione CJ, Repetto GM, Legius E, et al. A combined syndrome of juvenile polyposis and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia associated with mutations in MADH4 (SMAD4). Lancet 2004;363:852-9. |
Review/Other-Dx |
6 families |
To investigate the underlying genetic aetiology of this syndrome. |
No patient had mutations in the ENG or ACVRL1 genes; all had MADH4 mutations. Three cases of de-novo MADH4 mutations were found. In one, the mutation was passed on to a similarly affected child. Each mutation cosegregated with the syndromic phenotype in other affected family members. |
4 |
| 6. Shovlin CL, Guttmacher AE, Buscarini E, et al. Diagnostic criteria for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome). Am J Med Genet 2000;91:66-7. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present consensus clinical diagnostic criteria: epistaxes, telangiectasia, visceral lesions and an appropriate family history. |
The HHT diagnosis is definite if three criteria are present. A diagnosis of HHT cannot be established in patients with only two criteria, but should be recorded as possible or suspected to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion. If fewer than two criteria are present, HHT is unlikely, although children of affected individuals should be considered at risk in view of age-related penetration in this disorder. These criteria may be refined as molecular diagnostic tests become available in the next few years. |
4 |
| 7. Westermann CJ, Rosina AF, De Vries V, de Coteau PA. The prevalence and manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in the Afro-Caribbean population of the Netherlands Antilles: a family screening. Am J Med Genet A 2003;116A:324-8. |
Review/Other-Dx |
219 patients with a first-degree relative with HHT |
To identify an estimate of the point-prevalence and to search for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM). |
HHT was diagnosed in 112 individuals (51%), with at least a point prevalence of 1 in 1,331 inhabitants of Curaçao and Bonaire older than twelve years. The diagnosis was uncertain in 27; this was partly due to the new stringent criteria. Epistaxis was present in 98% and telangiectases in 99%. Facial telangiectases were relatively rare due to pigmented skin. Pulmonary involvement was found in 28% with serious-mainly neurological-complications in 48%. The point-prevalence of HHT in the Afro-Caribbean population of the Netherlands Antilles is the highest known in the world. Pulmonary involvement in this population is not rare and causes serious complications. |
4 |
| 8. Tellapuri S, Park HS, Kalva SP. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. [Review]. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 35(8):1421-1428, 2019 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe the pathophysiology, methods of screening, diagnostic workup and treatment of these vascular lesions with a particular focus on the currently used embolization techniques and their outcomes. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 9. Esplin MS, Varner MW. Progression of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. [Review] [22 refs]. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 52(4):248-53, 1997 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 case |
To describe a 36-year-old primigravida presented at 24 weeks of gestation with new onset hemoptysis and dyspnea, noted with a PAVM in the right lower lobe during angiography and was successfully treated with embolization. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 10. Faughnan ME, Palda VA, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. International guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Med Genet. 48(2):73-87, 2011 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To develop evidence-informed consensus guidelines regarding the diagnosis of HHT and the prevention of HHT-related complications and treatment of symptomatic disease. |
The outcome of the conference was the generation of 33 recommendations for the diagnosis and management of HHT, with at least 80% agreement amongst the expert panel for 30 of the 33 recommendations. |
4 |
| 11. Shovlin CL, Tighe HC, Davies RJ, Gibbs JS, Jackson JE. Embolisation of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: no consistent effect on pulmonary artery pressure. Eur Respir J. 32(1):162-9, 2008 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
143 patients undergoing pulmonary AVM embolisation |
To test whether pulmonary AVM embolisation increases pulmonary artery pressure (P(pa)) in patients without baseline severe pulmonary hypertension. |
Angiography/embolisation was not performed in four individuals with severe pulmonary hypertension, whose systemic arterial oxygen saturation exceeded levels usually associated with dyspnoea in pulmonary AVM patients. In 143 patients undergoing pulmonary AVM embolisation, P(pa) was significantly correlated with age, with the most significant increase occurring in the upper quartile (aged >58 yrs). In 43 patients with repeated measurements, there was no significant increase in P(pa) as a result of embolisation. In half, embolisation led to a fall in P(pa). The maximum rise in mean P(pa) was 8 mmHg: balloon test occlusion was performed in one of these individuals, and did not predict the subsequent rise in P(pa) following definitive embolisation of the pulmonary AVMs. In the present series of patients, which excluded those with severe pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery pressure was not increased significantly by pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolisation. |
4 |
| 12. Woodward CS, Pyeritz RE, Chittams JL, Trerotola SO. Treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: patterns of persistence and associated retreatment success. Radiology. 269(3):919-26, 2013 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
23 patients who had PAVM embolization, persistence by computed tomography (CT), and follow-up pulmonary arteriogram |
To determine the relative frequencies of persistence patterns in treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and to assess whether there is a difference in retreatment outcomes between PAVMs persisting via recanalization and those persisting via reperfusion. |
Recanalization was the most common pattern, occurring in 91% (n = 48) of 53 PAVMs. Pulmonary-to-pulmonary reperfusion occurred in 24% (n = 13) of 53 PAVMs. Angioarchitecture, coil-sac distance, coil number, and feeder diameter did not significantly differ between recanalized and reperfused PAVMs. There was a significant (P = .014) difference in retreatment success; retreatment was successful in 84% (n = 27) of 32 recanalized PAVMs but only 44% (n = 4) of nine reperfused PAVMs. |
3 |
| 13. Ratnani R, Sutphin PD, Koshti V, et al. Retrospective Comparison of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Embolization with the Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Nitinol Microvascular Plug, AMPLATZER Plug, and Coils in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 30(7):1089-1097, 2019 Jul. |
Observational-Tx |
25 patients with 157 treated PAVMs |
To evaluate effectiveness of the polytetrafluoroethylene-covered nitinol mesh microvascular plug (MVP) and compare it with other devices in pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolization in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). |
In 25 patients, 157 PAVMs were treated: 92 with MVP, 35 with AMPLATZER vascular plug (AVP), 6 with AVP plus coils, and 24 with coils. The per-PAVM technical success rates were 100% with MVP; 97%, AVP; 100%, AVP plus coils; and 100%, coils. PAVM persistence rates and median follow-up were as follows: MVP, 2% (1/92) (510 d); AVP, 15% (3/20) (1,447 d); AVP plus coils, 20% (1/5) (1,141 d); coils, 46.7% (7/15) (1,141 d). Persistence owing to recanalization for MVP, AVP, AVP plus coils, and coils was 2%, 15%, 0%, and 33%. No difference was found between persistence rates of MVP vs AVP (P = .098). Embolization with a vascular plug (MVP or AVP) with or without coils had a statistically significant lower persistence rate (5.4%) than embolization with coils alone (46.7%) (P = .022). |
2 |
| 14. Trerotola SO, Pyeritz RE. PAVM embolization: an update. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(4):837-845. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide an update regarding PAVM embolotherapy. |
PAVM management in HHT patients has changed a great deal since its introduction and, at the same time, many aspects of this patient population’s care have not changed. Interventional radiology plays a pivotal role in maintaining the health and well-being of these patients, and caring for them and their families is immensely gratifying. The challenge for interventional radiology clinicians and their patients moving forward is to try to approach the many unanswered questions in PAVM management using an evidence-based approach, so that the next set of HHT guidelines can be based on more level 1 evidence. |
4 |
| 15. de Gussem EM, Kroon S, Hosman AE, et al. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) and Survival: The Importance of Systematic Screening and Treatment in HHT Centers of Excellence. J Clin Med 2020;9. |
Observational-Dx |
717 HHT patients and 471 non-HHT patients (controls) |
To investigate whether HHT patients, systematically screened for Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)-related organ involvement and treated if needed, have a similar survival as persons without HHT. |
We included 717 HHT patients and 471 controls. There was no difference in survival between the HHT and the non-HHT control group. The HHT group had a life expectancy of 75.9 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 73.3-78.6), comparable to the control group (79.3 years, 95% CI 74.8-84.0, Mantel-Cox test: p = 0.29). |
4 |
| 16. Al-Saleh S, Dragulescu A, Manson D, et al. Utility of contrast echocardiography for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation screening in pediatric hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Pediatr. 160(6):1039-43.e1, 2012 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
68 patients |
To evaluate the utility of transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE) as a screening tool for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). |
Both intraobserver and interobserver agreement for interpreting TTCE results were excellent (? = 0.97 and 0.92, respectively) and higher than the interobserver agreement for CT interpretation (? = 0.75). The sensitivity and specificity of TTCE to predict PAVMs were 1 and 0.82, respectively, and the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 0.39 and 1, respectively. |
2 |
| 17. Karam C, Sellier J, Mansencal N, et al. Reliability of contrast echocardiography to rule out pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and avoid CT irradiation in pediatric patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Echocardiography 2015;32:42-8. |
Observational-Dx |
92 patients |
To assess the value of TTCE in a pediatric population presenting with HHT as a reliable screening test to exclude the presence of PAVMs and avoid chest CT radiation. |
Mean age was 11.2 ± 4.1 years. The shunt was grade 0 on TTCE in 27.3%, grade 1 in 17%, grade 2 in 29.6%, grade 3 in 23.9%, and grade 4 in 2.2%. We found PAVMs on chest CT in 52.2%. All the patients with a grade 0 or 1 had a negative CT. The sensitivity and specificity of TTCE for the detection of PAVMs were 100% and 95.1%, respectively. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 100% and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 96%. |
2 |
| 18. Inarejos Clemente EJ, Ratjen F, Manson DE. Utility of MDCT MIP Postprocessing Reconstruction Images in Children With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2016;40:375-9. |
Observational-Dx |
39 patients |
To evaluate whether maximum intensity projection (MIP) images improve the detection and the delineation of the anatomic makeup of pulmonary nodules and/or arteriovenous malformations (pAVMs) in children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). |
Our study showed similar detection rates between axial scans and MIP images for the detection of nodules (axial R1: 75 vs 62, P = 0.05; MIPS: 78 vs 86, P = 0.05) and in the determination of definite pAVMS (axials: 21 vs 29, P = 0.0007; MIPS: 27 vs 35, P = 0.01). Statistically significant differences were obtained in the ability to identify the feeding artery and draining vein between standard 2.5 mm slices and MIP images (axials: 13 vs 13, P = 0.0008; MIPS: 27 vs 23, P = 0.01). No other data parameters achieved statistically significance. |
2 |
| 19. Kilburn-Toppin F, Arthurs OJ, Tasker AD, Set PA. Detection of pulmonary nodules at paediatric CT: maximum intensity projections and axial source images are complementary. Pediatr Radiol 2013;43:820-6. |
Observational-Dx |
46 patients |
To evaluate the benefits of axial MIP images over axial source images for the paediatric chest in an interobserver variability study. |
There were 83 nodules (249 total reads among three readers) in 46 children (mean age 10.4 ± 4.98 years, range 0.3-15.9 years; 24 boys). Consensus read was used as the reference standard. Overall, three readers recorded significantly more nodules on MIP images (228 vs. 174; P < 0.05), improving sensitivity from 67% to 77.5% (P < 0.05) but with lower positive predictive value (96% vs. 85%, P < 0.005). MIP images took significantly less time to read (71.6 ± 43.7 s vs. 92.9 ± 48.7 s; P < 0.005) but did not improve confidence levels. |
2 |
| 20. Peloschek P, Sailer J, Weber M, Herold CJ, Prokop M, Schaefer-Prokop C. Pulmonary nodules: sensitivity of maximum intensity projection versus that of volume rendering of 3D multidetector CT data. Radiology 2007;243:561-9. |
Observational-Dx |
20 oncology patients |
To prospectively compare maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) of multidetector computed tomographic (CT) data for the detection of small intrapulmonary nodules. |
VR performed significantly better than MIP with regard to both detection rate (P < .001) and reporting time (P < .001). The superiority of VR was significant for all three observers and for nodules smaller than 11 mm in diameter and was pronounced for perihilar nodules (P = .023). Sensitivities achieved with VR ranged from 76.5% to 97.3%, depending on nodule size. |
2 |
| 21. Katsura M, Sato J, Akahane M, Kunimatsu A, Abe O. Current and Novel Techniques for Metal Artifact Reduction at CT: Practical Guide for Radiologists. Radiographics 2018;38:450-61. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss current and novel techniques of several artifact reduction methods introduced in modern computed tomography (CT) systems. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 22. Winklhofer S, Hinzpeter R, Stocker D, et al. Combining monoenergetic extrapolations from dual-energy CT with iterative reconstructions: reduction of coil and clip artifacts from intracranial aneurysm therapy. Neuroradiology 2018;60:281-91. |
Observational-Dx |
20 different clips and coil-volumes |
To compare and to combine iterative metal artifact reduction (MAR) and virtual monoenergetic extrapolations (VMEs) from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for reducing metal artifacts from intracranial clips and coils. |
Iterative MAR, VME, and combined iterative MAR + VME resulted in a significant reduction of qualitative (p < 0.001) and quantitative clip artifacts (p < 0.005) and improved the visibility of adjacent vessels (p < 0.05) compared to non-corrected images, with lowest artifact scores found in combined iterative MAR + VME images. Titanium clips demonstrated less artifacts than Phynox clips (p < 0.05), and artifact scores increased with clip size. Coil artifacts increased with coil size but were reducible when applying iterative MAR + VME compared to non-corrected images. However, no technique improved the severe artifacts from large, densely packed coils. |
2 |
| 23. American College of Radiology. ACR–NASCI–SIR–SPR Practice Parameter for the Performance and Interpretation of Body Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/body-cta.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Guidance document to promote the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology by describing specific training, skills and techniques. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 24. Nawaz A, Litt HI, Stavropoulos SW, et al. Digital subtraction pulmonary arteriography versus multidetector CT in the detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19(11):1582-1588. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients |
To compare digital subtraction pulmonary arteriography with 16-detector row CT in the detection of suspected PAVMs in patients with HHT. |
Whole-lung analysis (ie, correct identification of a lesion anywhere in the lung) showed 16-detector row CT readings to have a mean sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 78% and pulmonary arteriography readings to have a mean sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100%. Lobar analysis (ie, correct identification of a lesion in a given lobe) showed 16-detector row CT readings to have a mean sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 93% and pulmonary arteriography readings to have a mean sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 100%. |
2 |
| 25. Ference BA, Shannon TM, White RI Jr, Zawin M, Burdge CM. Life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Chest. 106(5):1387-90, 1994 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
143 patients with PAVMS and HHT |
|
|
4 |
| 26. Muller-Hulsbeck S, Marques L, Maleux G, et al. CIRSE Standards of Practice on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020;43:353-61. |
Review/Other-Tx |
N/A |
|
|
4 |
| 27. Circo S, Gossage JR. Pulmonary vascular complications of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2014;20:421-8. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present the latest advances and recommendations in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary vascular complications associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). |
Transthoracic contrast echocardiography has been validated as a screening tool for PAVM in patients with suspected HHT. Advancements in genetic testing support its use in family members at risk as a cost-effective measure. Therapy with bevacizumab in patients with high output cardiac failure and severe liver AVMs showed promising results. PAH tends to be more aggressive in HHT type 2 patients. |
4 |
| 28. Remy J, Remy-Jardin M, Giraud F, Wattinne L. Angioarchitecture of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: clinical utility of three-dimensional helical CT. Radiology. 1994;191(3):657-664. |
Review/Other-Dx |
37 PAVMs |
To determine the clinical utility of 3D helical CT in pretherapy evaluation of the angioarchitecture of PAVMs. |
A reliable analysis of the angioarchitecture of 28 PAVMs (76%)–25 simple and 3 complex–was provided by 3D reconstructions; combined interpretation of 3D images and transverse sections led to accurate evaluation of 35 PAVMs (95%). Positioning of the target anatomy in the reconstructed volume, threshold value, number of stacked sections, and section thickness influenced the diagnostic information. |
4 |
| 29. Brillet PY, Dumont P, Bouaziz N, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation treated with embolotherapy: systemic collateral supply at multidetector CT angiography after 2-20-year follow-up. Radiology 2007;242:267-76. |
Observational-Dx |
32 patients with 62 PAVMs |
To retrospectively evaluate frequency of systemic arterial collateral supply to treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in long-term follow-up with multi-detector row helical computed tomography (CT). |
At CT, 13 patients (group 1) had abnormally enlarged systemic arteries and 19 patients (group 2) had no abnormal arteries. In group 1, 32 abnormally enlarged arteries were seen-five bronchial and 27 nonbronchial arteries (14 inferior phrenic, six musculophrenic, five internal mammary, two intercostal). The degree of enlargement was moderate for 26 arteries and marked for six. There were no significant differences between groups for (a) clinical characteristics of patients, including history of surgery before or after embolotherapy (P=.7); (b) anatomic structures of treated PAVMs; and (c) embolization procedures and their effectiveness. The number of patients with features suggestive of lung infarction in the days or months after embolotherapy was significantly higher in group 1 (P=.04). On CT angiograms, the number of patients with features suggestive of sequelae of lung infarction was significantly higher in group 1 (P=.02). There were no symptomatic differences attributable to systemic collateral supply between groups; in particular, there was no hemoptysis in group 1. |
3 |
| 30. Remy-Jardin M, Dumont P, Brillet PY, Dupuis P, Duhamel A, Remy J. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations treated with embolotherapy: helical CT evaluation of long-term effectiveness after 2-21-year follow-up. Radiology. 239(2):576-85, 2006 May. |
Observational-Dx |
64 occluded PAVMS |
To retrospectively evaluate the long-term results of transcatheter embolotherapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) with helical computed tomography (CT). |
Long-term follow-up of the 64 occluded PAVMs revealed successful treatment of 30 (47%), partially successful treatment of 18 (28%), partially failed treatment of two (3%), and failed treatment of 14 (22%) PAVMs. The overall treatment success rate was 75% (47% plus 28%). Delayed recanalization requiring repeat embolotherapy occurred in 12 (19%) cases. No relationship between failed treatment and number of coils deposited in the feeding arteries was found. The frequency of gastrointestinal tract and/or hepatic arteriovenous fistulas at initial diagnosis (P = .01) and/or the interim development of pulmonary hypertension with or without heart failure (P = .01) was significantly higher in patients with at least one PAVM for which embolotherapy failed (n = 9) than in patients who underwent successful or partially successful embolotherapy of all PAVMs (n = 29). |
3 |
| 31. Shin SM, Kim HK, Crotty EJ, Hammill AM, Wusik K, Kim DH. CT Angiography Findings of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations in Children and Young Adults With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 214(6):1369-1376, 2020 06. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients (117 PAVMs) |
|
|
4 |
| 32. Schneider G, Uder M, Koehler M, et al. MR angiography for detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(4):892-901. |
Observational-Dx |
203 patients |
To evaluate CE-MRA as a screening procedure for the detection of PAVMs in patients with HHT. |
The presence of PAVM was considered definite in 56/203 (27.6%) patients and uncertain in 1 of 203 patients on CE-MRA. Of 156 PAVMs detected on CE-MRA, 124 (49 in 27 males, 75 in 30 females) were detected on first screening CE-MRA and 32 on follow-up CE-MRA. PAVMs on CE-MRA were solitary in 25 patients, multiple in 31 patients, and predominantly small (<5 mm, n = 32; 5–10 mm, n = 45). Significantly (P<0.0001) fewer PAVMs were detected on pulmonary angiography (76/96 [79.2%] evaluable PAVMs in 40 patients before first pulmonary angiography; 92/119 [77.3%] PAVMs overall). 3-D maximum-intensity-projection reconstructions permitted improved pulmonary AVM visualization and embolization planning of complex PAVMs. |
3 |
| 33. Van den Heuvel DAF, Post MC, Koot W, et al. Comparison of Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography to Computed Tomography in Detecting Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. J Clin Med 2020;9. |
Observational-Dx |
53 patients |
to investigate the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in the detection of PAVMs with feeding artery diameters (FAD) > 2 mm. |
Fifty-three patients were included. 105 PAVMs were detected on CT, 45 with a FAD = 2 mm. In per patient analysis, sensitivity and specificity of CE-MRA were 92% and 97% respectively for reader 1 and 92% and 62% for reader 2. Negative and positive predictive value (NPV/PPV) were 93% and 96% for R1 and 90% and 67% for R2. In per PAVM analysis, sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV were 96%, 99%, 100% and 86% for R1 and 93%, 96%, 100% and 56% for R2, respectively. |
1 |
| 34. Harding JA, Velchik MG. Pulmonary scintigraphy in a patient with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and pulmonary embolism. J Nucl Med 1985;26:151-4. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 case |
To report scintigraphic findings in a patient with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) complicated by superimposed pulmonary embolism. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 35. Seto H, Futatsuya R, Kamei T, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: radionuclide detection and quantification of right-to-left shunting. Radiat Med 1985;3:33-7. |
Review/Other-Dx |
2 cases |
To describe radionuclide detection and quantification of right-to-left shunting in two patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 36. Cottin V, Plauchu H, Bayle JY, Barthelet M, Revel D, Cordier JF. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(9):994-1000. |
Observational-Dx |
105 patients |
To retrospectively compare the diagnostic value of noninvasive tests for the screening of treatable (amenable to embolization) PAVMs in a series of patients, using chest CT and/or pulmonary angiography as a “gold standard.” |
Patients had assessment of dyspnea, chest radiograph, alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient under 100% oxygen (AaPO2), contrast echocardiography, and radionuclide perfusion lung scanning. Contrast echocardiography in the supine position was the most sensitive test (93%). The sensitivity of self-reported dyspnea (59%), chest radiograph alone (70%), measurement of alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient under 100% oxygen by the 100% oxygen method (62%), or radionuclide lung scanning (71%), was not suitable for efficient screening. A 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value could be obtained when combining anteroposterior chest radiograph and contrast echocardiography. |
3 |
| 37. Shovlin CL, Condliffe R, Donaldson JW, Kiely DG, Wort SJ, British Thoracic S. British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. Thorax 2017;72:1154-63. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide guidance on the management of PAVMs already known to be present (interventional and medical), screening and diagnosis (for PAVMs and HHT) and follow-up of patients following a first diagnosis, intervention or negative screen for PAVMs. To provide guidance on embolisation treatment, accessory medical management and issues related to the likelihood of underlying HHT. |
No results available |
4 |
| 38. Duch PM, Chandrasekaran K, Mulhern CB, Ross JJ, Jr., MacMillan RM. Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Role of contrast and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Chest 1994;105:1604-5. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the localization of PAVM with the use of contrast echocardiography. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 39. Mehta RH, Helmcke F, Nanda NC, Hsiung M, Pacifico AD, Hsu TL. Transesophageal Doppler color flow mapping assessment of atrial septal defect. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16:1010-6. |
Observational-Dx |
19 patients with a congenital atrial septal defect |
To examine the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis, classification, and assessment of the shunt volume in adult patients with an atrial septal defect. |
The transesophageal study correctly identified and classified 19 of 19 shunts in contrast to 16 of 18 shunts identified by the transthoracic approach. The area of the atrial septal defect was calculated by assuming it to be circular and taking the maximal Doppler color flow jet width at the defect site as its diameter. The pulsed Doppler sample volume was placed parallel to the shunt flow direction at the defect site to obtain the mean velocity and flow duration. From these values, the shunt volume was calculated as a product of the defect area, mean velocity, flow duration and heart rate. The calculated shunt flow volume obtained by transesophageal study showed a good correlation with shunt flow volume (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001) and pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) obtained at cardiac catheterization. The size of the defect by transesophageal Doppler color flow mapping correlated fairly well with the size estimated at surgery (r = 0.73, p = 0.004). |
3 |
| 40. Ahmed S, Nanda NC, Nekkanti R, Yousif AM. Contrast transesophageal echocardiographic detection of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation draining into left lower pulmonary vein. Echocardiography 2003;20:391-4. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To report the identification of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation draining into the left lower pulmonary vein by contrast two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in an adult with no evidence of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 41. Gazzaniga P, Buscarini E, Leandro G, et al. Contrast echocardiography for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations screening: does any bubble matter?. Eur J Echocardiogr. 10(4):513-8, 2009 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
190 subjects at risk of HHT and 100 controls |
To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of contrast echocardiography (CE) as compared with CT, for the screening of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT); to evaluate the clinical significance of semi-quantitative analysis of a shunt on CE. |
A blinded prospective study was conducted in 190 consecutive subjects at risk of HHT who underwent screening for PAVMs, including clinical evaluation, pulse oximetry, standard and CE, and chest multirow CT without contrast medium. A semi-quantitative analysis of the shunt size was performed according to the contrast echo opacification of the left-sided chambers: Grade 0, no bubbles; 1, occasional filling with <20 bubbles; 2, moderate filling; 3, complete opacification. The first 100 patients were compared with 100 controls. A total of 119 (63%) patients had positive CE (32.2% Grade 1, 13.1% Grade 2, 11% Grade 3, 6.3% with patent foramen ovale). The overall diagnostic performance of CE was sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.49, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.32, negative predictive value (NPV) 1.00. The PPV for the different grades was 0.00 for Grade 1, 0.56 for Grade 2, 1.00 for Grade 3; the NPV of Grade 0 was 1.00. A significant correlation was found between the CE grading and the number of PAVM, and complications (P < 0.0001). |
1 |
| 42. Barzilai B, Waggoner AD, Spessert C, Picus D, Goodenberger D. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography in the detection and follow-up of congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:1507-10. |
Observational-Dx |
14 patients with AV malformation and 10 control subjects |
To study the accuracy of contrast 2-dimensional echocardiography for the detection of pulmonary A-V malformation and compare the results with those obtained in patients with intraatrial right-to-left shunt.To examine use of this technique for follow-up of patients with pulmonary A-V malformation after embolotherapy. |
We identified 14 patients (9 men and 5 women) with A-V malformation by contrast echocardiography; 10 patients with atrial right-to-left shunt served as control subjects. Agitated saline solution (10 ml) was injected through a peripheral vein during echocardiographic imaging. The delay in the appearance of microcavitations in the left atrium was measured (in number of frames) after right atrial appearance. The degree of left ventricular opacification was graded 1 to 4+ (where 4+ = intense left ventricular endocardial outline, and 1+ = minimal opacification). Results indicated patients with A-V malformation had a significant delay (p less than 0.001) in left atrial appearance of microcavitations compared with those with atrial right-to-left shunt (66 +/- 27 vs 21 +/- 7 frames, mean +/- 1 standard deviation). In the group with A-V malformation, abnormal blood gases were present in only 6 of 14 patients and chest x-ray was positive in 7. Pulmonary angiography was performed in 11 of 14 patients with positive contrast echocardiography, and all 11 had A-V malformation identified. In patients with 3 to 4+ left ventricular opacification (n = 8), large (greater than 5 mm feeding vessel) or multiple malformations were present, whereas patients with small or isolated malformation had 1 to 2+ left ventricular opacification. Balloon occlusion of malformations was performed in all 11 of these patients; repeat contrast echocardiography revealed significant diminution of right-to-left shunt in 9, and 2 required repeat embolotherapy for an additional previously undetected A-V malformation. |
3 |
| 43. Zukotynski K, Chan RP, Chow CM, Cohen JH, Faughnan ME. Contrast echocardiography grading predicts pulmonary arteriovenous malformations on CT. Chest. 2007;132(1):18-23. |
Observational-Dx |
155 patients |
To determine the positive predictive value of TTCE grades for the presence of PAVMs on CT. |
Of 155 patients screened for PAVMs, 104 had positive TTCE results. Complete data were available for 90 patients (87%). Mean age was 45 years; 62% were female. 17% of patients screened and 27% of patients with positive TTCE results had CT detectable PAVMs. There was a significant association between TTCE grade and presence of PAVMs on CT (P<0.0001). The positive predictive value of grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.02 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.06), 0.25 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.44), 0.56 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.88), and 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.0), respectively. |
2 |
| 44. Deng Y, Huang X, Wang G, et al. Applicability of Transthoracic Contrast Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021;8:656702. |
Observational-Dx |
105 patients with PAVMs (71 with positive digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (DSPA) findings and 34 with negative DSPA findings) |
To explore the preferred test to screen for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and to predict the probability of interventional embolization. |
The majority of patients with idiopathic PAVMs were female (66.2% with positive DSPA findings). We found a good ?-coefficient of 0.77 with strong consistency for inter observer agreement concerning the pulmonary right-to-left shunt (RLS) grade on TTCE, which was superior to conventional chest radiographs. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the radiographic features for PAVMs on DSPA was 0.83 (95% CI 0.64-1.0) and 0.44 for the possibility of embolization (95% CI 0.19-0.70). The PPV of the shunt grade of PAVMs on DSPA was 0.14 (95% CI 0.01-0.29) for grade 1, 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.88) for grade 2, and 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1.0) for grade 3. The PPVs of pulmonary shunt grades 2 and 3 on TTCE for the possibility of embolization for PAVMs were 0.21 (95% CI, 0.05-0.36) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79-0.99), respectively. |
2 |
| 45. Velthuis S, Buscarini E, van Gent MW, et al. Grade of pulmonary right-to-left shunt on contrast echocardiography and cerebral complications: a striking association. Chest. 2013;144(2):542-548. |
Observational-Dx |
1,038 patients |
To evaluate the potential relation between pulmonary shunt grade on TTCE and prevalence of cerebral manifestations in patients screened for HHT. |
A pulmonary right-to-left shunt was present in 530/1,038 patients (51.1%; mean age, 44.3 +/- 15.6 years; 58.6% women). The presence of a cerebral manifestation (n = 51) differed significantly among pulmonary shunt grades on TTCE: 1.4%, 0.4%, 6.5%, and 20.9% for grades 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A pulmonary shunt grade 1 was not associated with an increased prevalence of cerebral manifestations (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.05–4.13; P=0.47), whereas pulmonary shunt grade 2 (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.14–20.0; P=0.03) and grade 3 (OR, 10.4; 95% CI, 2.4–45.3; P=0.002) were both independent predictors for the prevalence of a cerebral ischemic event or brain abscess. |
3 |
| 46. Bhatia V, Arora P, Parida AK, Singh G, Kaul U. Air travel and pulmonary embolism: "economy class syndrome". Indian Heart J 2008;60:608-11. |
Review/Other-Dx |
3 cases |
To present 3 cases who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after transatlantic air travel. |
No results provided |
4 |
| 47. Belanger C, Chartrand-Lefebvre C, Soulez G, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) reperfusion after percutaneous embolization: Sensitivity and specificity of non-enhanced CT. Eur J Radiol. 85(1):150-157, 2016 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
68 patients with PAVM embolizations |
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of non-enhanced chest CT to detect reperfusion after pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolization. |
Out of 68 patients with PAVM embolizations, 42 (62%) had 108 PAVMs that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Areas under the ROC curves for PAVM reperfusion detection were 0.84, 0.87, and 0.78, respectively, for PAVM artery, aneurysm and vein (p>0.05). Sensitivity varied between 51% and 56%, and specificity between 86% and 98% for the <30% diameter reduction cut-off. Sensitivity was between 98% and 100%, and specificity, between 20% and 47% for the <70% diameter reduction cut-off. ICCs for inter-observer concordance were 0.58, 0.88 and 0.68 for percentage reduction of PAVM artery, aneurysm and vein, respectively. |
2 |
| 48. Milic A, Chan RP, Cohen JH, Faughnan ME. Reperfusion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after embolotherapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005;16:1675-83. |
Observational-Dx |
19 patients with 33 angiographically confirmed reperfused PAVMs |
To describe the mechanisms and risk factors associated with reperfusion of successfully treated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) after embolotherapy. |
The PAVM aneurysm and/or draining vein persisted on CT after initial embolotherapy in all reperfused PAVMs and resolved in all nonreperfused PAVMs (in patients with nondiffuse PAVMs). Recanalization was the mechanism of reperfusion in 88%. Reperfusion was associated with the use of a single coil (P < .0001), oversized coils (P < .0001), coil placement more than 1 cm from the aneurysm (P < .0001), and increased feeding artery size (P < .001). Repeat embolotherapy for reperfused PAVMs was technically successful in 94% of cases. In the remaining 6% of cases, insufficient feeding artery length prevented safe repeat treatment. After a mean follow-up of 41 months, 42% of reperfused PAVMs in our series have been successfully treated again and occluded. |
4 |
| 49. Pollak JS, Saluja S, Thabet A, Henderson KJ, Denbow N, White RI Jr. Clinical and anatomic outcomes after embolotherapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 17(1):35-44; quiz 45, 2006 Jan. |
Review/Other-Tx |
155 patients with pulmonary AVMs |
To assess long-term clinical and imaging results of technically successful pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization. |
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia was present in 148 patients (95%). Four hundred fifteen pulmonary AVMs were occluded during 205 procedures. Clinical follow-up was available in all patients over 3-7 years and imaging follow-up was available in 144 patients (393 lesions) over 1-7 years (mean, 2.9 y). Problems related to pulmonary AVMs occurred in 35 patients (23%) at 42 time points: 22 patients with 23 symptomatic events and 17 patients with 19 asymptomatic events. Symptoms resulted from growth of nonembolized pulmonary AVMs (n = 19), residual embolized pulmonary AVMs (n = 5), or both (n = 2). Symptoms consisted of respiratory manifestations (n = 13), cerebral ischemia (n = 4), brain abscess (n = 5), hemoptysis (n = 3), and seizure (n = 1). Imaging showed pulmonary AVM involution in 97% of embolized lesions and 11 residual lesions (2.8%) in 10 patients (6.9%). These were caused by recanalization (n = 7), presence of an accessory feeding artery (n = 1), pulmonary collateral vessels (n = 1), and bronchial collateral vessels (n = 2). CT detected 10 of the 11 residual lesions. Imaging detected 97 previously small pulmonary AVMs that had enlarged to a significant size in 28 patients (18%), 15 of whom were symptomatic and 13 of whom were asymptomatic. |
4 |
| 50. Prasad V, Chan RP, Faughnan ME. Embolotherapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: efficacy of platinum versus stainless steel coils. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 15(2 Pt 1):153-60, 2004 Feb. |
Observational-Tx |
54 patients with 306 PAVMs |
To compare the results of embolotherapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) with use of platinum versus stainless-steel coils. |
Of 267 PAVMs embolized with stainless-steel coils, 249 (93.3%) were successfully occluded (mean follow-up, 3.1 years). Of 39 PAVMs embolized with platinum coils, 35 (89.7%) were successfully occluded (mean follow-up, 2.1 years). There was no significant difference in success between the two groups (P = .5). The mean feeding artery size was significantly larger (P < .0001) in the platinum group (4.3 mm) than in the stainless-steel group (3.5 mm). Potentially serious complications included coil reflux (n = 3), PAVM perforation (n = 2), self-limited neurologic deficit (n = 2), and systemic embolization of a coil (n = 1) in the stainless-steel group, and PAVM perforation (n= 2) in the platinum group. There were no long-term sequelae. |
2 |
| 51. Remy J, Remy-Jardin M, Wattinne L, Deffontaines C. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: evaluation with CT of the chest before and after treatment. Radiology. 182(3):809-16, 1992 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients with PAVMs (group 1 = 20, group 2 = 27, group 3 = 11) |
To evaluate CT scanning of the chest in the diagnosis and pretherapeutic management of PAVMs and in the follow-up of patients who have undergone treatment. |
A total of 109 single or multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) of the chest in 40 patients separated into three groups to study the usefulness of CT (a) in the diagnosis and pretherapeutic management of PAVMs by comparison with selective pulmonary angiography of each lung (group 1: 20 patients), (b) in the follow-up of patients who received treatment (group 2: 27 patients), and (c) as an isolated diagnostic procedure in elderly patients (n = 3) or family members with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease (n = 8) (group 3: 11 patients). Follow-up ranged from several weeks to 10 years (mean follow-up, 4 years). In group 1, conventional and dynamic CT enabled identification of 107 PAVMs (98.2%) (vs 65 PAVMs [59.6%] identified with angiography), with confident segmental location in 56 of 65 PAVMs (86%) and reliable analysis of angioarchitecture in 17 PAVMs (26%) (vs 39 PAVMs [60%] analyzed with angiography). In group 2, progressive aneurysmal retraction was associated with successful occlusion. In group 3, CT enabled noninvasive evaluation of patients unable to undergo treatment and detection of PAVMS in family members. |
2 |
| 52. Hong J, Lee SY, Cha JG, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) embolization: prediction of angiographically-confirmed recanalization according to PAVM Diameter changes on CT. CVIR Endovasc 2021;4:16. |
Observational-Dx |
41 patients with 114 PAVMs |
To assess pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) recanalization after embolization based on PAVM diameter changes on computed tomography (CT), with pulmonary angiography used as a gold standard. |
Forty-one patients with 114 PAVMs were treated during the study period. Eight patients with 50 PAVMs met the inclusion criteria. Mean vein, artery, and venous sac diameter reduction rates were as follows: 59.2 ± 9.3 %, 47.5 ± 10.6 %, and 62.6 ± 13.2 %, respectively, in the occluded group and 5.4 ± 19.5 %, 11.3 ± 17.7 %, and 26.8 ± 14.2 %, respectively, in the recanalized group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for PAVM recanalization for the draining vein was 1.00, showing a better result than the artery (0.97) and sac (0.99). Patients showed > 42 % draining vein diameter reduction in the occluded group and < 32 % in the recanalized group. The widely-used 70 % criteria showed low specificity for predicting recanalization (draining vein, 7.3 %; venous sac, 41.7 %) but 100 % sensitivity for both the draining vein and venous sac. |
3 |
| 53. Gamondes D, Si-Mohamed S, Cottin V, et al. Vein Diameter on Unenhanced Multidetector CT Predicts Reperfusion of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation after Embolotherapy. Eur Radiol. 26(8):2723-9, 2016 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
88 patients |
To evaluate the value of the diameter of the draining vein of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) on unenhanced chest multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosing reperfusion after percutaneous vaso-occlusion therapy. |
Eighty-eight of 100 patients met inclusion criteria, in whom 62 of 176 PAVMs were reperfused at angiogram. The mean diameter of the efferent vein on MDCT was 4.3 ± 2.1 mm in patent PAVMs and 1.8 ± 0.9 mm in non-patent PAVMs (p < 0.0001). The optimal cutoff diameter based on ROC analysis was 2.5 mm (sensitivity = 98.4 %; specificity = 87.7 %). |
2 |
| 54. Zheng H, Yang M, Jia Y, et al. A Novel Subtraction Method to Reduce Metal Artifacts of Cerebral Aneurysm Embolism Coils. Clin Neuroradiol 2022;32:687-94. |
Observational-Dx |
7 coils <5.0mm (Group 1); 31 coils ≥5.0mm (Group 2) |
|
|
3 |
| 55. Shimohira M, Kiyosue H, Osuga K, et al. Location of embolization affects patency after coil embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: importance of time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography for diagnosis of patency. Eur Radiol 2021;31:5409-20. |
Observational-Dx |
205 patients with 378 untreated PAVMs |
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography (TR-MRA) for patency after coil embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and identify factors affecting patency. |
The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of CT were 82%, 81%, 77%, 85%, and 82%, respectively, when the reduction rate threshold was set to 55%, which led to the highest diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of TR-MRA were 89%, 95%, 89%, 95%, and 93%, respectively. On both univariable and multivariable analyses, embolization of the distal position to the last normal branch of the pulmonary artery was a factor that significantly affected the prevention of patency. |
2 |
| 56. Kawai T, Shimohira M, Kan H, et al. Feasibility of time-resolved MR angiography for detecting recanalization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations treated with embolization with platinum coils. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 25(9):1339-47, 2014 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
10 patients with 28 PAVMs |
To assess the feasibility of time-resolved magnetic resonance (MR) angiography as a follow-up method after embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). |
Five lesions could not be measured on CT because of metallic artifacts. The mean shrinkage rates of the draining vein for recanalized and occluded PAVMs were 23% ± 19 (SD) for recanalized PAVMs and 47% ± 21 for occluded PAVMs (P = .001). The sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 53%, respectively, when the shrinkage rate threshold was set to 50%. On time-resolved MR angiography, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 100%, respectively, for Reader 1 and 100% and 93%, respectively, for Reader 2. The ? coefficient was 0.86. |
2 |
| 57. Hong J, Lee SY, Lim JK, et al. Feasibility of Single-Shot Whole Thoracic Time-Resolved MR Angiography to Evaluate Patients with Multiple Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations. Korean J Radiol 2022;23:794-802. |
Observational-Dx |
9 patients (62 PAVMs) |
|
|
2 |
| 58. Shimohira M, Kawai T, Hashizume T, et al. Reperfusion Rates of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations after Coil Embolization: Evaluation with Time-Resolved MR Angiography or Pulmonary Angiography. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 26(6):856-864.e1, 2015 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
16 patients |
To assess reperfusion rates after coil embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) using time-resolved magnetic resonance (MR) angiography or pulmonary angiography. |
Reperfusion rates at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were 8%, 27%, 36%, and 49%, respectively, for the 12 untreated PAVMs (primary embolization) and 50%, 50%, 92%, and 100%, respectively, for the 12 reperfused PAVMs (repeat embolization) (P = .0062). No significant differences were observed in the other parameters measured. |
3 |
| 59. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Appropriateness-Criteria/RadiationDoseAssessmentIntro.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
