| 1. Arvanitakis Z, Shah RC, Bennett DA. Diagnosis and Management of Dementia: Review. [Review]. JAMA. 322(16):1589-1599, 2019 10 22. |
Review/Other-Dx |
200 articles |
To discuss the review of the diagnosis and Management of Dementia. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 2. McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's dement.. 7(3):263-9, 2011 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present criteria for all-cause dementia and for AD dementia. |
N/A |
4 |
| 3. Villemagne VL, Ong K, Mulligan RS, et al. Amyloid imaging with (18)F-florbetaben in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. J Nucl Med. 2011;52(8):1210-1217. |
Observational-Dx |
109 subjects |
To compare cortical amyloid deposition using (18)F-florbetaben and PET in controls and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vascular dementia (VaD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). |
When compared with the other groups, AD patients demonstrated significantly higher SUVRs (P < 0.0001) in neocortical areas. Most AD patients (96%) and 60% of MCI subjects showed diffuse cortical (18)F-florbetaben retention. In contrast, only 9% of FTLD, 25% of VaD, 29% of DLB, and no PD patients and 16% of controls showed cortical binding. Although there was a correlation between Mini Mental State Examination and beta-amyloid burden in the MCI group, no correlation was observed in controls, FTLD or AD. |
2 |
| 4. Okello A, Koivunen J, Edison P, et al. Conversion of amyloid positive and negative MCI to AD over 3 years: an 11C-PIB PET study. Neurology. 2009;73(10):754-760. |
Observational-Dx |
31 subjects |
To assess the rates of conversion of MCI to AD during a 3-year follow-up period and to compare levels of amyloid deposition between MCI converters and nonconverters. |
17/31 (55%) subjects with MCI had increased (11)C-PIB retention at baseline and 14/17 (82%) clinically converted to AD during follow-up. Only one of the 14 PIB-negative MCI cases converted to AD. Of the PIB-positive subjects with MCI, half (47%) converted to AD within 1 year of baseline PIB PET, these faster converters having higher tracer-retention values than slower converters in the anterior cingulate (P=0.027) and frontal cortex (P=0.031). 7/17 (41%) subjects with MCI with known APOE status were epsilon4 allele carriers, this genotype being associated with faster conversion rates in PIB-positive subjects with MCI (P=0.035). |
3 |
| 5. Plassman BL, Ford CB, Smith VA, et al. Elevated Amyloid-beta PET Scan and Cognitive and Functional Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia of Uncertain Etiology. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 97(3):1161-1171, 2024. |
Observational-Dx |
1,028 patients |
To investigate whether elevated Aß on PET scan predicts cognitive and functional decline over an 18-month period in those with MCI or dementia of uncertain etiology. |
Individuals with either MCI or dementia and elevated Aß (66.6% of the sample) showed greater cognitive decline compared to those without elevated Aß on PET scan, whose cognition was relatively stable over 18 months. Those with either MCI or dementia and elevated Aß were also reported to have greater functional decline compared to those without elevated Aß, even though the latter group showed significant care partner-reported functional decline over time. |
2 |
| 6. Carswell CJ, Win Z, Muckle K, et al. Clinical utility of amyloid PET imaging with (18)F-florbetapir: a retrospective study of 100 patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 89(3):294-299, 2018 03. |
Observational-Dx |
100 patients |
To address this, we retrospectively documented the effect of API in patients in the memory clinic. |
API was primarily used to investigate patients with atypical clinical features (56 cases) or those that were young at onset (42 cases). MRI features of AD did not always predict positive API (67%), and 6 of 23 patients with MRIs reported as normal were amyloid-PET positive. There were significantly more cases categorised as non-AD dementia post-API (from 11 to 23). Patients investigated when API was initially available had fewer overall investigations and all patients had significantly fewer investigations in total post-API. |
2 |
| 7. de Wilde A, van der Flier WM, Pelkmans W, et al. Association of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography With Changes in Diagnosis and Patient Treatment in an Unselected Memory Clinic Cohort: The ABIDE Project. JAMA Neurology. 75(9):1062-1070, 2018 09 01. |
Observational-Dx |
866 patients |
To evaluate the association of amyloid PET with changes in diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, treatment, and patients' experiences in an unselected memory clinic cohort. |
Of the 507 patients (mean [SD] age, 65 (8) years; 201 women [39%]; mean [SD] Mini-Mental State Examination score, 25 [4]), 164 (32%) had AD dementia, 70 (14%) non-AD dementia, 114 (23%) mild cognitive impairment, and 159 (31%) subjective cognitive decline. Amyloid PET results were positive for 242 patients (48%). The suspected etiology changed for 125 patients (25%) after undergoing amyloid PET, more often due to a negative (82 of 265 [31%]) than a positive (43 of 242 [18%]) PET result (P < .01). Post-PET changes in suspected etiology occurred more frequently in patients older (>65 years) than younger (<65 years) than the typical age at onset of 65 years (74 of 257 [29%] vs 51 of 250 [20%]; P < .05). Mean diagnostic confidence (SD) increased from 80 (13) to 89 (13%) (P < .001). In 123 patients (24%), there was a change in patient treatment post-PET, mostly related to additional investigations and therapy. |
2 |
| 8. Leuzy A, Savitcheva I, Chiotis K, et al. Clinical impact of [18F]flutemetamol PET among memory clinic patients with an unclear diagnosis. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 46(6):1276-1286, 2019 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
207 patients |
To investigate the impact of amyloid PET with [18F]flutemetamol on diagnosis and treatment management in a cohort of patients attending a tertiary memory clinic in whom, despite extensive cognitive assessment including neuropsychological testing, structural imaging, CSF biomarker analysis and in some cases [18F]FDG PET, the diagnosis remained unclear. |
Amyloid positivity was found in 53% of MCI, 68% of AD, 20% of non-AD, 20% of dementia NOS, and 60% of SCD patients. [18F]Flutemetamol PET led, overall, to a change in diagnosis in 92 of the 207 patients (44%). A high percentage of patients with a change in diagnosis was observed in the MCI group (n = 67, 51%) and in the dementia NOS group (n = 11; 55%), followed by the non-AD and AD (30% and 20%, respectively). A significant increase in cholinesterase inhibitor treatment was observed after [18F]flutemetamol PET (+218%, 34 patients before and 108 patients after). |
2 |
| 9. Blazhenets G, Ma Y, Sorensen A, et al. Predictive Value of 18F-Florbetapir and 18F-FDG PET for Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer Dementia. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 61(4):597-603, 2020 04. |
Observational-Dx |
319 patients |
To examine the predictive values of amyloid PET, 18F-FDG PET, and nonimaging predictors (alone and in combination) for development of Alzheimer dementia (AD) in a large population of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). |
On the basis of the independent validation dataset, the 18F-FDG PET model yielded a significantly higher predictive value than the amyloid PET model. However, both were inferior to the nonimaging model and were significantly improved by the addition of nonimaging variables. The best prediction accuracy was reached by combining 18F-FDG PET, amyloid PET, and nonimaging variables. The combined model yielded 5-y free-of-conversion rates of 100%, 64%, and 24% for the low-, medium- and high-risk groups, respectively. |
1 |
| 10. Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Updated Appropriate Use Criteria for Amyloid and Tau PET in Alzheimer’s Disease. Available at: https://snmmi.org/Web/Clinical-Practice/Appropriate-Use-Criteria/Articles/Updated-Appropriate-Use-Criteria-for-Amyloid-and-Tau-PET-in-Alzheimer-s-Disease.aspx. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To highlight general principles for integrating amyloid and tau PET 179 into clinical care, including the potential appropriateness of testing in specific clinical scenarios. 180 These represent general recommendations and should not be considered a substitute for 181 clinical judgment exercised by the healthcare provider caring for an individual patient. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 11. Small GW. Diagnostic issues in dementia: neuroimaging as a surrogate marker of disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2006;19(3):180-185. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe findings regarding the use of neuroimaging and research in dementia. |
FDG-PET scanning provides a reasonably accurate determination of the cause of dementia early in its course. Combining PET or other imaging methods with other genetic risk data provides additional information that indicates subtle brain abnormalities even earlier in the course of age-related memory decline. |
4 |
| 12. Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Herholz K, et al. Multicenter standardized 18F-FDG PET diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(3):390-398. |
Observational-Dx |
548: 110 normal; 114 MCI; 199 AD; 98 FTD |
To examine FDG-PET measures in the differential diagnosis of AD, FTD, and DLB from normal aging and from each other and the relation of disease-specific patterns to MCI. |
Standardized disease-specific PET patterns were developed that correctly classified 95% AD, 92% DLB, 94% FTD, and 94% normal. FDG-PET heterogeneity in MCI with nonmemory deficits ranged from absent hypometabolism to FTD and DLB PET patterns. Standardized automated analysis of FDG-PET scans may provide an objective and sensitive support to the clinical diagnosis in early dementia. |
3 |
| 13. Hampel H, Burger K, Teipel SJ, Bokde AL, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Core candidate neurochemical and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. [Review] [96 refs]. Alzheimer's dement.. 4(1):38-48, 2008 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To perform a survey of recent research, focusing on core biomarker candidates in AD. |
A number of in vivo neurochemistry and neuroimaging techniques, which can reliably assess aspects of physiology, pathology, chemistry, and neuroanatomy, hold promise as biomarkers. These neurobiologic measures appear to relate closely to pathophysiologic, neuropathologic, and clinical data, such as hyperphosphorylation of tau, amyloid beta (Abeta) metabolism, lipid peroxidation, pattern and rate of atrophy, loss of neuronal integrity, functional and cognitive decline, as well as risk of future decline. Current advances in the neuroimaging of mediotemporal, neocortical, and subcortical areas of the brain of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects are presented. CSF levels of Abeta42, tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) can distinguish subjects with MCI who are likely to progress to AD. They also show preclinical alterations that predict later development of early AD symptoms. Studies on plasma Abeta are not entirely consistent, but recent findings suggest that decreased plasma Abeta42 relative to Abeta40 might increase the risk of AD. Increased production of Abeta in aging is suggested by elevation of BACE1 protein and enzyme activity in the brain and CSF of subjects with MCI. CSF tau and p-tau are increased in MCI as well and show predictive value. Other biomarkers might indicate components of a cascade initiated by Abeta, such as oxidative stress or inflammation. These merit further study in MCI and earlier. |
4 |
| 14. Perini G, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Kadir A, Sala A, Savitcheva I, Nordberg A. Clinical impact of 18F-FDG-PET among memory clinic patients with uncertain diagnosis. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 48(2):612-622, 2021 02. |
Observational-Dx |
277 patients |
To assess the clinical impact and incremental diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) among memory clinic patients with uncertain diagnosis. |
FDG-PET led to a change in diagnosis in 86 of 277 (31%) patients, in particular in 57 of 177 (32%) MCI and in 29 of 100 (29%) dementia patients. Diagnostic change was greater than two-fold in the sub-sample of cases with dementia "of unclear etiology" (change in diagnosis in 20 of 32 (63%) patients). In the dementia group, after results of FDG-PET, diagnostic accuracy improved from 77 to 90% in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and from 85 to 94% in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients (p < 0.01). FDG-PET performed better in dementia than in MCI (positive likelihood ratios >5 and < 5, respectively). |
1 |
| 15. Kantarci K, Boeve BF, Przybelski SA, et al. FDG PET metabolic signatures distinguishing prodromal DLB and prodromal AD. NeuroImage Clinical. 31:102754, 2021. |
Observational-Dx |
158 patients |
To investigate the pattern of hypometabolism in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who progressed to probable DLB compared to MCI patients who progressed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and clinically unimpaired (CU) controls. |
Patients with MCI-DLB had hypometabolism in the parieto-occipital cortex extending into temporal lobes, substantia nigra and thalamus. When compared to MCI-AD, medial temporal and posterior cingulate metabolism were preserved in patients with MCI-DLB, accompanied by greater hypometabolism in the substantia nigra in MCI-DLB compared to MCI-AD. In distinguishing MCI-DLB from MCI-AD at the maximum value of Youden's index, CIS ratio was highly specific (90%) but not sensitive (59%), but a higher medial temporal to substantia nigra ratio was both sensitive (94%) and specific (83%). |
1 |
| 16. Soher BJ, Doraiswamy PM, Charles HC. A review of 1H MR spectroscopy findings in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2005;15(4):847-852, xi. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review clinical, proton MRS methods in the diagnosis of AD. |
MRS is a robust tool for measuring metabolic changes in vivo noninvasively in patients who have AD. Two metabolic changes in particular typically are measured in AD, decreased N-acetylaspartate and increased myoinositol. The use of the N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratio shows great promise for delineating AD from controls. |
4 |
| 17. Kantarci K.. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in dementia. [Review] [72 refs][Erratum appears in Br J Radiol. 2013 Jun;86(1026):20139005]. Br J Radiol. 80 Spec No 2:S146-52, 2007 Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the potential clinical application of MRS in ageing and dementia. |
No results stated in abstract |
4 |
| 18. Targosz-Gajniak MG, Siuda JS, Wicher MM, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a predictor of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. J Neurol Sci. 335(1-2):58-63, 2013 Dec 15. |
Experimental-Dx |
41 patients |
To investigate if there is a difference in brain metabolism between stable MCI patients and converters to dementia and if a use of (1)H-MRS can predict the conversion from MCI to dementia. |
Twelve subjects with MCI progressed to Alzheimer's disease (AD) after one year. Analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio in the LH was significantly lower in MCI patients than in controls (p=0.008), but there were no differences in metabolite ratios at baseline between MCI converters and stable subjects. mI/Cr ratio in RPL predicted the conversion to AD with sensitivity 70% and specificity 85% (p<0.0004). Coexistence of diabetes improved prediction, yielding 70% sensitivity and 96% specificity (p<0.0001). |
2 |
| 19. Hafkemeijer A, van der Grond J, Rombouts SA. Imaging the default mode network in aging and dementia. [Review]. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1822(3):431-41, 2012 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review whether normal aging and dementia affect task-induced deactivation and functional connectivity in the DMN (default mode network). |
The majority of studies show a decreased DMN functional connectivity and task-induced DMN deactivations along a continuum from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment and to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Even subjects at risk for developing AD, either in terms of having amyloid plaques or carrying the APOE4 allele, showed disruptions in the DMN. |
4 |
| 20. Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Mellah S, Clement F, Belleville S. Evidence of parietal hyperactivation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment who progressed to dementia: A longitudinal fMRI study. NeuroImage Clinical. 24:101958, 2019. |
Observational-Dx |
40 participants |
To assess the presence and location of hyperactivation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were later diagnosed with dementia, examine how hyperactivation changes longitudinally, and whether it is related to time before dementia. |
No results stated in the abstract |
2 |
| 21. Kenny ER, Blamire AM, Firbank MJ, O'Brien JT. Functional connectivity in cortical regions in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 135(Pt 2):569-81, 2012 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
47 subjects: 15 subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies,
16 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and 16 control subjects. |
To investigate connectivity between key brain regions hypothesized to be differentially affected in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls |
Both subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease showed greaterconnectivity than control subjects. Compared with controls, the dementia with Lewy bodies group had greater connectivitybetween the right posterior cingulate cortex and other brain areas. In dementia with Lewy bodies, there were no significantdifferences in hippocampal connectivity compared with controls, but in Alzheimer’s disease left hippocampal connectivity wasgreater compared with controls. There were no significant differences between groups for precuneus or primary visual cortexconnectivity. No seed regions showed significantly less connectivity in subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies or Alzheimer’sdisease compared with controls. We found greater connectivity with the posterior cingulate in dementia with Lewy bodies andwith the hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease. Consistent with the known relative preservation of memory in dementia withLewy bodies compared with Alzheimer’s disease, hippocampal connectivity was not found to be greater in dementia with Lewybodies. Importantly, while metabolic imaging shows functional change in primary visual cortex in dementia with Lewy bodies,which is hypothesized to account for visual hallucinations, we found connectivity with this region to be unaffected. |
3 |
| 22. Desikan RS, Cabral HJ, Hess CP, et al. Automated MRI measures identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 2009;132(Pt 8):2048-2057. |
Observational-Dx |
313 individuals |
To determine whether automated MRI-based measures could identify MCI individuals with a high degree of accuracy. |
Baseline volumetric T1-weighted MRI of 313 individuals from two independent cohorts were examined using automated software tools to identify the volume and mean thickness of 34 neuroanatomic regions. The first cohort included 49 older controls and 48 individuals with MCI, while the second cohort included 94 older controls and 57 MCI individuals. 65 patients with probable AD were also included for comparison. For the discrimination of MCI, entorhinal cortex thickness, hippocampal volume and supramarginal gyrus thickness demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.91 (specificity 94%, sensitivity 74%, positive likelihood ratio 12.12, negative likelihood ratio 0.29) for the first cohort and an area under the curve of 0.95 (specificity 91%, sensitivity 90%, positive likelihood ratio 10.0, negative likelihood ratio 0.11) for the second cohort. For the discrimination of AD, these three measures demonstrated an area under the curve of 1.0. |
3 |
| 23. Frisoni GB, Fox NC, Jack CR Jr, Scheltens P, Thompson PM. The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease. [Review] [143 refs]. Nat Rev Neurol. 6(2):67-77, 2010 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss our review of structural imaging based on magnetic resonance as an integral part of the clinical assessment of patients with suspected Alzheimer dementia. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 24. Zhang B, Zhang JG, Zhao H, et al. Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient mappings in amnestic mild cognitive impairment using an image analysis software brain search. Acta Radiol. 52(10):1147-54, 2011 Dec 01. |
Experimental-Dx |
51 patients |
To investigate the ADC value for aMCI and AD using Brain Search (BS) software based on anatomical volumes of interest (AVOI). |
During the pathological process of AD, the changes of water diffusivity appeared first in the left hippocampus, then gradually progressed to the bilateral sides and eventually displayed right lateralization. The ADC values from aMCI were obviously elevated compared to the values from the NC group in the left limbic cortex. Between the AD and NC groups, the significantly different brain areas included the bilateral hippocampus, the Cingulum_Mid, the ParaHippocampal_R, and the Temporal and Frontal lobes. There was a negative correlation between the ADC values and the scores from MMSE, MoCA, the Digit test, Raven's IQ, and WAIS IQ. Additionally, the ADC values were positively correlated with the scores from CDR, ADL, and ADAS-Cog. |
3 |
| 25. Trzepacz PT, Yu P, Sun J, et al. Comparison of neuroimaging modalities for the prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 35(1):143-51, 2014 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
50 subjects |
To compare Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose PET for metabolism, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for structure to predict conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s dementia using datafrom the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort |
Multivariate modeling found that among individual modalities, MRI had the highest predictive accuracy (67%) which increased by 9% to 76% when combined with PIB-PET, producing the highest accuracy among any biomarker combination. Individually, PIB-PET generated the best sensitivity, and fluorodeoxyglucose PET had the lowest. Among individual brain regions, the temporal cortex was found to be most predictive for MRI and PIB-PET. |
3 |
| 26. Jaleel J, Tripathi M, Baghel V, et al. F-18 ML-104 tau PET imaging in mild cognitive impairment. Nuclear Medicine Communications. 42(8):914-921, 2021 Aug 01. |
Observational-Dx |
30 patients |
To evaluate the tau distribution patterns in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) using PET radiotracer F-18 ML-104. |
aMCI revealed significantly higher standardized uptake value ratios in both medial temporal cortices, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortices in comparison to normal controls and a significantly lesser binding in bilateral medial and lateral temporal, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortices in comparison to early AD. A negative correlation was noted between F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and F-18 ML-104 retention in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortices in aMCI, while F-18 ML-104 retention and mini mental state evaluation scores revealed a moderate negative correlation in the posterior cingulate cortices. |
2 |
| 27. Cho H, Mundada NS, Apostolova LG, et al. Amyloid and tau-PET in early-onset AD: Baseline data from the Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS). Alzheimer's & Dementia. 19 Suppl 9:S98-S114, 2023 11. |
Observational-Dx |
321 patients |
To describe baseline amyloid-beta (Aß) and tau-positron emission tomograrphy (PET) from Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS), a prospective multi-site observational study of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). |
243/321 (75.7%) of participants were assigned to the EOAD group based on amyloid-PET; 231 (95.1%) of them were tau-PET positive (A+T+). Tau-PET signal was elevated across cortical regions with a parietal-predominant pattern, and higher burden was observed in younger and female EOAD participants. |
2 |
| 28. Patel KP, Wymer DT, Bhatia VK, Duara R, Rajadhyaksha CD. Multimodality Imaging of Dementia: Clinical Importance and Role of Integrated Anatomic and Molecular Imaging. [Review]. Radiographics. 40(1):200-222, 2020 Jan-Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the protocols and findings at MRI and nuclear medicine imaging, including with the use of flurodeoxyglucose, amyloid tracers, and dopaminergic transporter imaging (ioflupane). |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 29. Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet neurol.. 13(6):614-29, 2014 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the strengths and limitations of the International Working Group (IWG) research diagnostic criteria and proposes advances to improve the diagnostic framework. |
No results stated in the abstract |
4 |
| 30. Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. [Review]. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 14(4):535-562, 2018 04. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
Framework developed to create a common language with which investigators can generate and test hypotheses about the interactions among different pathologic processes (denoted by biomarkers) and cognitive symptom of Alzheimer's disease |
No results listed in abstract. |
4 |
| 31. Chapleau M, Iaccarino L, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Rabinovici GD. The Role of Amyloid PET in Imaging Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review. [Review]. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 63(Suppl 1):13S-19S, 2022 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide an up-to-date overview of the application of amyloid PET in neurodegenerative diseases. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 32. Jack CR, Jr., Andrews JS, Beach TG, et al. Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease: Alzheimer's Association Workgroup. Alzheimers Dement 2024. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present objective criteria for diagnosis and staging Alzheimer's disease (AD), incorporating recent advances in biomarkers, to serve as a bridge between research and clinical care. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 33. Clark CM, Schneider JA, Bedell BJ, et al. Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology. JAMA. 2011;305(3):275-283. |
Observational-Dx |
152 patients |
To determine if florbetapir-PET imaging performed during life accurately predicts the presence of beta-amyloid in the brain at autopsy. |
Florbetapir-PET imaging was performed a mean of 99 days (range, 1-377 days) before death for the 29 individuals in the primary analysis cohort. 15/29 individuals (51.7%) met pathological criteria for AD. Both visual interpretation of the florbetapir-PET images and mean quantitative estimates of cortical uptake were correlated with presence and quantity of beta-amyloid pathology at autopsy as measured by immunohistochemistry (Bonferroni rho, 0.78 [95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.89]; P<.001]) and silver stain neuritic plaque score (Bonferroni rho, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.86]; P<.001). Florbetapir-PET images and postmortem results rated as positive or negative for beta-amyloid agreed in 96% of the 29 individuals in the primary analysis cohort. The florbetapir-PET image was rated as amyloid negative in the 74 younger individuals in the nonautopsy cohort. |
2 |
| 34. Klunk WE, Engler H, Nordberg A, et al. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(3):306-319. |
Observational-Dx |
25: 16 with mild AD; 9 controls |
Human study of an amyloid-imaging PET tracer, termed PIB, in patients with diagnosed mild AD compared to controls. |
PET imaging with PIB, can provide quantitative information on amyloid deposits in living subjects. |
3 |
| 35. Shi Z, Fu LP, Zhang N, et al. Amyloid PET in Dementia Syndromes: A Chinese Multicenter Study. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 61(12):1814-1819, 2020 12. |
Observational-Dx |
1,193 patients |
To estimate the prevalence of ß-amyloid deposits on PET imaging in a wide variety of dementia syndromes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) within a memory clinic population. |
Of the 1,193 CI patients, 860 (72.1%) were amyloid-positive. The prevalence of amyloid positivity in AD and MCI patients was 86.8% (833/960) and 9.7% (14/144), respectively. In FTD patients, the prevalence of ß-amyloid deposits was 5.6% (2/36). In the 4 corticobasal syndrome patients, 2 were amyloid-positive. Three of the 5 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies showed amyloid positivity, as did 6 of the 29 vascular dementia (20.7%) patients. The ApoEe4 allele frequency was significantly increased in amyloid-positive CI patients (30.5%) as compared with other amyloid-negative CI patients (14%) or controls (7.3%). Conclusion: Amyloid imaging may potentially be the most helpful parameter for differential diagnosis in dementia, particularly to distinguish between AD and FTD. Amyloid PET can be used in conjunction with the ApoEe4 allele genetic risk test for amyloid deposits. |
2 |
| 36. Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Edwards L, et al. Spatial Relationships between Molecular Pathology and Neurodegeneration in the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. Cerebral Cortex. 31(1):1-14, 2021 01 01. |
Observational-Dx |
81 AD patients |
To report the in vivo spatial relationships between molecular pathology and neurodegeneration in a group of subjects along the AD continuum. |
For symptomatic patients, FDG-PET and atrophy W-maps were combined into neurodegeneration maps (ND). Aß-pathology showed the greatest proportion of cortical gray matter suprathreshold voxels (spatial extent) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants (median 94–55%, respectively), followed by tau (79–11%) and neurodegeneration (41–3%). Amyloid?>?tau?>?neurodegeneration was the most frequent hierarchy for both groups (79–77%, respectively), followed by tau?>?amyloid?>?neurodegeneration (13–10%) and amyloid?>?neurodegeneration?>?tau (6–13%). For symptomatic participants, most abnormal voxels were PIB+/FTP+/ND- (median 35%), and the great majority of ND+ voxels (91%) colocalized with molecular pathology. |
3 |
| 37. Wong DF, Rosenberg PB, Zhou Y, et al. In vivo imaging of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease using the radioligand 18F-AV-45 (florbetapir [corrected] F 18). J Nucl Med. 2010;51(6):913-920. |
Observational-Dx |
16 patients; 16 controls |
To present the results of a clinical trial with 18F-AV-45 (florbetapir [corrected] F 18). |
Valid PET data were available for 11 AD patients and 15 healthy controls. 18F-AV-45 accumulated in cortical regions expected to be high in Abeta deposition (eg, precuneus and frontal and temporal cortices) in AD patients; minimal accumulation of the tracer was seen in cortical regions of healthy controls. The cortical-to-cerebellar standardized uptake value ratios in AD patients showed continual substantial increases through 30 min after administration, reaching a plateau within 50 min. The 10-min period from 50 to 60 min after administration was taken as a representative sample for further analysis. The cortical average standardized uptake value ratio for this period was 1.67 +/- 0.175 for patients with AD vs 1.25 +/- 0.177 for healthy controls. Spatially normalized distribution volume ratios generated from PET dynamic scans were highly correlated with standardized uptake value ratio (r = 0.58-0.88, P<0.005) and were significantly greater for AD patients than for healthy controls in cortical regions but not in subcortical white matter or cerebellar regions. No clinically significant changes in vital signs, electrocardiogram, or laboratory values were observed. |
3 |
| 38. Ossenkoppele R, Jansen WJ, Rabinovici GD, et al. Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 313(19):1939-49, 2015 May 19. |
Meta-analysis |
1359 participants |
To use individual participant data meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of amyloid positivity on PET in a wide variety of dementia syndromes. |
The likelihood of amyloid positivity was associated with age and APOE e4 status. In AD dementia, the prevalence of amyloid positivity decreased from age 50 to 90 years in APOE e4 noncarriers (86% [95% CI, 73%-94%] at 50 years to 68% [95% CI, 57%-77%] at 90 years; n = 377) and to a lesser degree in APOE e4 carriers (97% [95% CI, 92%-99%] at 50 years to 90% [95% CI, 83%-94%] at 90 years; n = 593; P < .01). Similar associations of age and APOE e4 with amyloid positivity were observed in participants with AD dementia at autopsy. In most non-AD dementias, amyloid positivity increased with both age (from 60 to 80 years) and APOE e4 carriership (dementia with Lewy bodies: carriers [n = 16], 63% [95% CI, 48%-80%] at 60 years to 83% [95% CI, 67%-92%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n = 18], 29% [95% CI, 15%-50%] at 60 years to 54% [95% CI, 30%-77%] at 80 years; frontotemporal dementia: carriers [n = 48], 19% [95% CI, 12%-28%] at 60 years to 43% [95% CI, 35%-50%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n = 160], 5% [95% CI, 3%-8%] at 60 years to 14% [95% CI, 11%-18%] at 80 years; vascular dementia: carriers [n = 30], 25% [95% CI, 9%-52%] at 60 years to 64% [95% CI, 49%-77%] at 80 years; noncarriers [n = 77], 7% [95% CI, 3%-18%] at 60 years to 29% [95% CI, 17%-43%] at 80 years. |
Good |
| 39. Hellwig S, Frings L, Bormann T, Vach W, Buchert R, Meyer PT. Amyloid imaging for differential diagnosis of dementia: incremental value compared to clinical diagnosis and [18F]FDG PET. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 46(2):312-323, 2019 02. |
Observational-Dx |
138 patients |
To validate the incremental diagnostic value of amyloid PET in addition to clinical diagnosis and [18F]FDG PET in a real-life memory clinic population. |
After disclosure of the amyloid PET results, clinical and [18F]FDG PET diagnoses changed in 23% and 18% of patients, respectively, and agreement between both ratings increased from 62% to 86% (p < 0.001). The accuracy of clinical and [18F]FDG PET diagnoses improved from 71% to 89% (p < 0.01) and from 76% to 94% (p < 0.001), respectively. The additional value of amyloid PET was rather uniform in relation to age at onset and consistency with appropriate use criteria. |
1 |
| 40. Pletnikova A, Okhravi HR, Jamil N, Kirby M, Lyketsos CG, Oh ES. Utility of amyloid PET Imaging in a Memory Clinic. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders. 37(4):270-273, 2023 Oct-Dec 01. |
Observational-Dx |
112 patients |
To assess the clinical utility of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) in clinically ambiguous cases of cognitive impairment by examining outcomes of patients enrolled in the Imaging Dementia-Evidence of Amyloid Scanning study at 2 academic institutions. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
2 |
| 41. Suppiah S, Ching SM, Nordin AJ, Vinjamuri S. The role of PET/CT amyloid Imaging compared with Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT imaging for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Medical Journal of Malaysia. 73(3):141-146, 2018 06. |
Observational-Dx |
47 patients |
To correlate the ability of these modalities to differentiate Probable AD and Possible AD using the clinical diagnosis as a gold standard. We also investigated the correlation of severity of amyloid deposit in the brain with the diagnosis of AD. |
There was significant correlation of Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT, PET/CT amyloid findings and Combo reading with AD. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 87.5%, 73.7%, 58.3% and 93.3% (SPECT); 62.5%, 77.4%, 58.8% and 80.0% (PET/CT) and 87.5%, 84.2%, 70.0% and 30.0% (Combo reading) respectively. The grade of amyloid deposition was not significantly correlated with AD (Spearman's correlation, p=0.687). |
2 |
| 42. Lesman-Segev OH, La Joie R, Iaccarino L, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Amyloid versus 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Autopsy-Confirmed Dementia. Annals of Neurology. 89(2):389-401, 2021 02. |
Observational-Dx |
101 patients |
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of antemortem 11 C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) versus autopsy diagnosis in a heterogenous sample of patients. |
One hundred one participants were included (mean age = 67.2 years, 41 females, Mini-Mental State Examination = 21.9, PET-to-autopsy interval = 4.4 years). At autopsy, 32 patients showed primary AD, 56 showed non-AD neuropathology (primarily frontotemporal lobar degeneration [FTLD]), and 13 showed mixed AD/FTLD pathology. PIB showed higher sensitivity than FDG for detecting intermediate-high ADNC (96%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 89-100% vs 80%, 95% CI = 68-92%, p = 0.02), but equivalent specificity (86%, 95% CI = 76-95% vs 84%, 95% CI = 74-93%, p = 0.80). In patients with congruent PIB and FDG reads (77/101), combined sensitivity was 97% (95% CI = 92-100%) and specificity was 98% (95% CI = 93-100%). Nine of 24 patients with incongruent reads were found to have co-occurrence of AD and non-AD pathologies. |
1 |
| 43. George AE, de Leon MJ, Stylopoulos LA, et al. CT diagnostic features of Alzheimer disease: importance of the choroidal/hippocampal fissure complex. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 11(1):101-7, 1990 Jan-Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
34 patients |
To study the usefulness of detecting temporal-lobe structural changes on CT in making the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. |
All the temporal-lobe evaluations of the five variables measured were significantly associated with the presence or absence of Alzheimer disease. Almost all Alzheimer patients showed evidence of mild or greater severity of overall temporal-lobe atrophy. The absence of temporal-lobe atrophy, seen in approximately one half the normal cases, identified normal individuals with a high degree of specificity (95%). The presence of characteristic hippocampal lucency, apparently due to enlargement of the choroid and hippocampal fissures, showed the highest sensitivity and classification accuracy of all the variables tested (82 and 80% respectively; p less than .001), correctly identifying 82% of Alzheimer patients and 80% of Alzheimer patients and control subjects. |
4 |
| 44. Herholz K, Schopphoff H, Schmidt M, et al. Direct comparison of spatially normalized PET and SPECT scans in Alzheimer's disease. J Nucl Med. 2002;43(1):21-26. |
Observational-Dx |
32 total: 26 with PAD; 6 healthy |
To detect and compare abnormal brain areas objectively and quantitatively using statistical parametric mapping. |
The overall correlation between PET and SPECT across the entire brain was significant but not close (average r = 0.43). The correlation between dementia severity and the number of abnormal voxels was closer for PET than for SPECT. Separation of patients from healthy volunteers by counting the number of abnormal voxels was possible over a much wider range of z thresholds with PET than with SPECT. The distinction between healthy volunteers and patients is less sensitive to threshold selection with PET than with SPECT and findings in the frontal, temporobasal, and temporomesial cortices and in the cerebellum may differ between the 2 techniques. |
3 |
| 45. Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001;56(9):1143-1153. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Update of the 1994 practice parameter for the diagnosis of dementia in the elderly. |
Diagnostic criteria for dementia have improved since the 1994 practice parameter. Further research is needed to improve clinical definitions of dementia and its subtypes, as well as to determine the utility of various instruments of neuroimaging, biomarkers, and genetic testing in increasing diagnostic accuracy. |
4 |
| 46. O'Donovan J, Watson R, Colloby SJ, Blamire AM, O'Brien JT. Assessment of regional MR diffusion changes in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr. 26(4):627-35, 2014 Apr. |
Experimental-Dx |
71 patients |
To examine diagnosis complexities involving Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as common forms of dementia. |
Compared to controls, DLB subjects were characterized by reduced FA (p = 0.016) and increased MD (p = 0.007) in the precuneus. Amygdala diffusivity was positively correlated with UPDRS-III score in DLB (p = 0.003). In AD, reduced FA in the precuneus was also observed compared to controls (p = 0.026), and was associated with impaired global cognition (MMSE score) (p = 0.03). |
1 |
| 47. Riederer I, Bohn KP, Preibisch C, et al. Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Integrated Pulsed Arterial Spin-Labeling MRI and 18F-FDG PET. Radiology. 288(1):198-206, 2018 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
76 patients |
To compare PET/MR hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared with healthy control (HC) participants. |
Analyses revealed high overlap between components, regional and quantitative hypoperfusion, and hypometabolism in patients with AD compared with HC participants in precuneus, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex. In patients with MCI compared with HC participants, FDG PET exclusively demonstrated quantitative hypometabolism and a component in the precuneus. Volume-of-interest analysis in global GM in patients with AD compared with HC participants showed lower CBF (42 mL/100 g per minute ± 8 vs 49 mL/100 g per minute ± 7, respectively; P = .035) and lower FDG uptake (0.8 ± 0.1 vs 1 ± 0.1, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion In patients with AD, pulsed ASL MRI revealed regional and quantitative abnormalities and components similar to 18F-FDG PET with a reduced extent. In patients with MCI, 18F-FDG PET exclusively demonstrated quantitative hypometabolism and a component in the precuneus, indicating higher sensitivity to detect preclinical AD compared with the currently used pulsed ASL MRI sequence. |
2 |
| 48. Talbot PR, Lloyd JJ, Snowden JS, Neary D, Testa HJ. A clinical role for 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in the investigation of dementia?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 64(3):306-13, 1998 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
363 patients |
To provide the clinician with a guide to the clinical utility of 99mTc- HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to theinterpretation of specific test results in the differential diagnosis of dementia. |
Bilateral posterior CBF abnormality was found to significantly increase the odds of a patient having Alzheimer’s disease as opposed to vascular dementia or frontotemporal dementia. Bilateral anterior CBF abnormality significantly increased the odds of a patient having frontotemporal dementia as opposed to Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or Lewy body disease. “Patchy” CBF changes significantly increased the odds of a patient having vascular dementia asopposed to Alzheimer’s disease. Unilateral anterior, unilateral anterior plus unilateral posterior, and generalised CBF abnormality failed to contribute to thedifferentiation of any of these forms of dementia. |
2 |
| 49. Cavallin L, Axelsson R, Wahlund LO, et al. Voxel-based correlation between coregistered single-photon emission computed tomography and dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with suspected Alzheimer disease. Acta Radiol. 2008;49(10):1154-1161. |
Observational-Dx |
24 total patients: 8 with AD; 10 with MCI; 6 controls |
To compare SPECT and MRI in a cohort of patients examined for suspected dementia, including patients with no objective cognitive impairment (control group), MCI, and AD. |
Voxel-based correlation between coregistered SPECT and DSC-MR showed a high correlation, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.94. Region-of-interest analyses of 24 regions showed significant differences between the control group and AD patients in 10 regions using SPECT and 5 regions in DSC-MR. SPECT remains superior to DSC-MRI in differentiating normal from pathological perfusion, and DSC-MRI could not replace SPECT in the diagnosis of patients with AD. |
3 |
| 50. Goto H, Ishii K, Uemura T, et al. Differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer Disease using combined MR imaging and brain perfusion single-photon emission tomography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(4):720-725. |
Observational-Dx |
19 patients with mild DLB; 19 age- and cognitive decline-matched patients with mild AD |
To evaluate the usefulness of combining MRI and SPECT to discriminate mild DLB from AD. |
The striatal volume ratio in the DLB group was significantly lower than that in the AD group. The occipital SPECT ratio in the DLB group was lower than that in the AD group. The mean area under the receiver operator characteristic curve from combined MRI and SPECT (area under the curve = 0.898) was higher than that from MRI (area under the curve = 0.679) or SPECT (area under the curve = 0.798) alone. |
3 |
| 51. Lowe VJ, Lundt ES, Albertson SM, et al. Tau-positron emission tomography correlates with neuropathology findings. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 16(3):561-571, 2020 03. |
Observational-Dx |
26 patients |
To performed autopsies on 26 participants who had antemortem (flortaucipir) positron emission tomography (F.TP-PET) |
Participants with Braak stages of IV or greater had elevated FTP-PET signal. FTP-PET was elevated in participants with Alzheimer's disease. An FTP-PET SUVR cut point of 1.29 was determined to be optimal. Quantitative measurements of hippocampal and temporal lobe tau burden were highly correlated to FTP-PET signal (rho's from 0.61 to 0.70, P = .02). |
2 |
| 52. Leuzy A, Smith R, Ossenkoppele R, et al. Diagnostic Performance of RO948 F 18 Tau Positron Emission Tomography in the Differentiation of Alzheimer Disease From Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. JAMA Neurology. 77(8):955-965, 2020 08 01. |
Observational-Dx |
613 patients |
To examine the novel tau PET tracer RO948 F 18 ([18F]RO948) performance in discriminating Alzheimer disease (AD) from non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. |
Diagnostic groups among the 613 participants included cognitively unimpaired (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [12.1] years; 117 men [46%]), mild cognitive impairment (age, 70.8 [8.3] years; 82 men [53%]), AD dementia (age, 73.5 [6.7] years; 57 men [57%]), and non-AD disorders (age, 70.5 [8.6] years; 41 men [40%]). Retention of [18F]RO948 was higher in AD dementia compared with all other diagnostic groups. [18F]RO948 could distinguish patients with AD dementia from individuals without cognitive impairment and those with non-AD disorders, and the highest AUC was obtained using the I-IV ROI (AUC = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99 for AD vs no cognitive impairment and AUC = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99 for AD vs non-AD disorders), which outperformed MRI (highest AUC = 0.91 for AD vs no cognitive impairment using whole-brain thickness, and AUC = 0.80 for AD vs non-AD disorders using temporal lobe thickness) and cerebrospinal fluid measures (highest AUC = 0.94 for AD vs no cognitive impairment using Aß42/p-tau181, and AUC = 0.93 for AD vs non-AD disorders using Aß42/Aß40). Generally, tau PET positivity using [18F]RO948 was observed only in Aß-positive cases or in MAPT R406W mutation carriers. Retention of [18F]RO948 was not pronounced in patients with svPPA, and head-to-head comparison revealed lower temporal lobe uptake than with [18F]flortaucipir. |
1 |
| 53. Ossenkoppele R, Rabinovici GD, Smith R, et al. Discriminative Accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir Positron Emission Tomography for Alzheimer Disease vs Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. JAMA. 320(11):1151-1162, 2018 09 18. |
Observational-Dx |
719 patients |
To examine the discriminative accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir for AD vs non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. |
Among 719 participants, the overall mean (SD) age was 68.8 (9.2) years and 48.4% were male. The proportions of patients who were amyloid-ß positive were 26.3%, 65.9%, 100%, and 23.8% among cognitively normal controls, patients with MCI, patients with AD dementia, and patients with non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, respectively. [18F]flortaucipir uptake in the medial-basal and lateral temporal cortex showed 89.9% (95% CI, 84.6%-93.9%) sensitivity and 90.6% (95% CI, 86.3%-93.9%) specificity using the threshold based on controls (SUVR, 1.34), and 96.8% (95% CI, 92.0%-99.1%) sensitivity and 87.9% (95% CI, 81.9%-92.4%) specificity using the Youden Index-derived cutoff (SUVR, 1.27) for distinguishing AD dementia from all non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. The AUCs for all 5 [18F]flortaucipir ROIs were higher (AUC range, 0.92-0.95) compared with the 3 volumetric MRI measures (AUC range, 0.63-0.75; all ROIs P < .001). Diagnostic performance of the 5 [18F]flortaucipir ROIs were lower in MCI due to AD (AUC range, 0.75-0.84). |
2 |
| 54. Mattsson N, Insel PS, Donohue M, et al. Predicting diagnosis and cognition with 18F-AV-1451 tau PET and structural MRI in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 15(4):570-580, 2019 04. |
Observational-Dx |
56 patients |
To predict diagnosis and cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. |
18F-AV-1451 in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform, and inferior parietal lobule had 93% diagnostic accuracy for AD (prodromal or dementia). The MRI classifier involved partly the same regions plus the hippocampus, with 83% accuracy, but did not improve upon the tau classifier. 18F-AV-1451 retention and MRI were independently associated with cognition. |
2 |
| 55. Polsinelli AJ, Apostolova LG. Atypical Alzheimer Disease Variants. [Review]. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 28(3):676-701, 2022 06 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 patient |
To discuss the clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker profiles of sporadic atypical Alzheimer disease (AD) variants, including early-onset AD, posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, dysexecutive variant and behavioral variant AD, and corticobasal syndrome. |
Significant advances are being made in the recognition and characterization of the syndromically diverse AD variants. These variants are identified by the predominant cognitive and clinical features: early-onset amnestic syndrome, aphasia, visuospatial impairments, dysexecutive and behavioral disturbance, or motor symptoms. Although understanding of regional susceptibility to disease remains in its infancy, visualizing amyloid and tau pathology in vivo and CSF examination of amyloid-ß and tau proteins are particularly useful in atypical AD, which can be otherwise prone to misdiagnosis. Large-scale research efforts, such as LEADS (the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease Study), are currently ongoing and will continue to shed light on our understanding of these diverse presentations. |
4 |
| 56. Ceccaldi M, Jonveaux T, Verger A, et al. Added value of 18F-florbetaben amyloid PET in the diagnostic workup of most complex patients with dementia in France: A naturalistic study. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 14(3):293-305, 2018 03. |
Observational-Dx |
205 patients |
To address amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) selective and hierarchical implementation in relation to cerebrospinal fluid analysis in a naturalistic setting. |
Two hundred five patients were enrolled with evaluable florbetaben PET scans; 64.4% of scans were amyloid positive. PET results led to changed diagnosis and improved confidence in 66.8% and 81.5% of patients, respectively, and altered management in 80.0% of cases. |
2 |
| 57. Drzezga A, Altomare D, Festari C, et al. Diagnostic utility of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in asymptomatic subjects at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. [Review]. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 45(9):1487-1496, 2018 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To assess the clinical utility of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detection of early signs of neurodegeneration in conditions of increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as defined by: subjective cognitive decline (SCD), evidence of cerebral amyloid-pathology, apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4-positive genotype, or autosomal dominant forms of AD (ADAD) in asymptomatic stages. |
The level of empirical study evidence for the use of FDG-PET to detect meaningful early signs of neurodegeneration was considered to be poor for ADAD and lacking for SCD and asymptomatic persons at risk, based on APOE e4-positive genotype or cerebral amyloid pathology. Consequently, and consistent with current diagnostic criteria, panelists decided not to recommend routine clinical use of FDG-PET in these situations and to currently mainly reserve it for research purposes. |
4 |
| 58. Gupta V, Verma R, Ranjan R, et al. Metabolic imaging patterns in posterior cortical atrophy and Lewy body dementia. Nuclear Medicine Communications. 40(12):1275-1282, 2019 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
72 patients |
To study the imaging patterns of Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) on fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography ([F]FDG PET/CT), identify areas of overlap and differences and to develop a prediction model to assist in diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis. |
Significantly hypometabolism was found in parieto-temporo-occipital association cortices and cingulate cortices in PCA patients. DLB patients showed significantly reduced uptake in the visual cortex. No significant difference was found between z score of occipital association cortex which showed hypometabolism in both groups. The cut-off z-score values derived from the ROC curve analysis were as follows- parietal association (cut-off-3, sensitivity-65.6%, specificity - 68.7%), temporal association (cut-off-2, sensitivity-78%, specificity-75%) and posterior cingulate (cut-off-0.5, sensitivity-93.7%, specificity-40.6%), their respective Odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) for being in the PCA group as derived from univariate logistic regression were 3.66 (1.30-10.32), 10.71 (3.36-34.13) and 7.85 (1.57-39.17). The cut-off z score of primary visual cortex as derived from ROC curve was zero with sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 71.9%, and the Odds ratio for being the in the DLB group was 24.7 with 95% confidence interval of 5.99-101.85. |
2 |
| 59. Ossenkoppele R, Lyoo CH, Sudre CH, et al. Distinct tau PET patterns in atrophy-defined subtypes of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020;16:335-44. |
Observational-Dx |
260 patients |
To test whether tau PET patterns or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI are associated with distinct atrophy patterns across 260 Aß+ patients with AD to better understand the disease pathologies underlying this heterogeneity in regional neurodegeneration. |
Voxel-wise and region-of-interest analyses revealed the greatest neocortical tau load in hippocampal-sparing (frontoparietal-predominant) and typical (temporal-predominant) patients, while limbic-predominant patients showed particularly high entorhinal tau. Typical patients with AD had the most pronounced white matter hyperintensity load, and hippocampal-sparing patients showed the most rapid global cognitive decline. |
3 |
| 60. Phillips JS, Das SR, McMillan CT, et al. Tau PET imaging predicts cognition in atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease. Human Brain Mapping. 39(2):691-708, 2018 02. |
Observational-Dx |
14 patients |
To examined associations between 18 F-flortaucipir and cognition in 14 mildly-impaired patients (12 with cerebrospinal fluid analytes consistent with AD pathology) who had amnestic (n = 5) and non-amnestic AD syndromes, including posterior cortical atrophy (PCA, n = 5) and logopenic-variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA, n = 4). Amnestic AD patients had deficits in memory; lvPPA in language; and both amnestic AD and PCA patients in visuospatial function. |
These results provide converging evidence for associations between 18 F-flortaucipir uptake, tau pathology, and patients' cognitive symptoms. |
1 |
| 61. Nedelska Z, Josephs KA, Graff-Radford J, et al. 18 F-AV-1451 uptake differs between dementia with lewy bodies and posterior cortical atrophy. Movement Disorders. 34(3):344-352, 2019 03. |
Observational-Dx |
51 patients |
To investigate differences in the distribution and magnitude of F18-AV-1451 uptake in patients with these 2 syndromes. |
AV-1451 uptake in both patient groups was predominantly localized to the lateral occipital regions, but the magnitude of uptake was markedly greater in posterior cortical atrophy compared with dementia with Lewy bodies. The posterior cortical atrophy group showed the greatest AV-1451 uptake throughout all the gray matter compared with that in other groups. The occipital composite region, consisting of superior, middle, and inferior occipital cortices, distinguished posterior cortical atrophy from dementia with Lewy bodies (area under the curve >0.97; P < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected) with excellent sensitivity (88%) and specificity (100%). |
2 |
| 62. Cummings J, Apostolova L, Rabinovici GD, et al. Lecanemab: Appropriate Use Recommendations. Jpad. 10(3):362-377, 2023. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the Appropriate Use Recommendations for Lecanemab. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 63. Agarwal A, Gupta V, Brahmbhatt P, et al. Amyloid-related Imaging Abnormalities in Alzheimer Disease Treated with Anti-Amyloid-beta Therapy. Radiographics. 43(9):e230009, 2023 09. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the use of monoclonal antibody (MAB)s for treating Alzheimer disease (AD), expand on amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) and its consequences, and describe how to identify and grade ARIA to guide treatment properly. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 64. Filippi M, Cecchetti G, Agosta F. MRI in the new era of antiamyloid mAbs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. [Review]. Current Opinion in Neurology. 36(4):239-244, 2023 08 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To summarize the role of MRI in the mandatory redefinition of dementia care. |
Disease-modifying therapies require a reliable biological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Structural MRI should be acquired at the beginning of the diagnostic process as a gateway before subsequent etiological biomarkers. MRI findings, indeed, may support a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or suggest alternative non-Alzheimer's disease conditions. Given the high risk/benefit ratio of mAbs and the impact of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), moreover, MRI will be crucial for the appropriate patient selection and safety monitoring. Ad-hoc neuroimaging classification systems of ARIA have been developed and continuous education of prescribers and imaging raters is prompted. MRI measures have been also assessed in clinical trials as potential markers of therapeutic efficacy; results, though, are controversial and still need clarification. |
4 |
| 65. Ramanan VK, Armstrong MJ, Choudhury P, et al. Antiamyloid Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Alzheimer Disease: Emerging Issues in Neurology. Neurology 2023;101:842-52. |
Review/Other-Dx |
na |
No purpose listed in abstract |
No results listed in abstract |
4 |
| 66. Sims JR, Zimmer JA, Evans CD, et al. Donanemab in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease: The TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023;330:512-27. |
Experimental-Tx |
1736 patients |
To assess efficacy and adverse events of donanemab, an antibody designed to clear brain amyloid plaque. |
Among 1736 randomized participants (mean age, 73.0 years; 996 [57.4%] women; 1182 [68.1%] with low/medium tau pathology and 552 [31.8%] with high tau pathology), 1320 (76%) completed the trial. Of the 24 gated outcomes, 23 were statistically significant. The least-squares mean (LSM) change in iADRS score at 76 weeks was -6.02 (95% CI, -7.01 to -5.03) in the donanemab group and -9.27 (95% CI, -10.23 to -8.31) in the placebo group (difference, 3.25 [95% CI, 1.88-4.62]; P < .001) in the low/medium tau population and -10.2 (95% CI, -11.22 to -9.16) with donanemab and -13.1 (95% CI, -14.10 to -12.13) with placebo (difference, 2.92 [95% CI, 1.51-4.33]; P < .001) in the combined population. LSM change in CDR-SB score at 76 weeks was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.00-1.41) with donanemab and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.68-2.08) with placebo (difference, -0.67 [95% CI, -0.95 to -0.40]; P < .001) in the low/medium tau population and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.53-1.91) with donanemab and 2.42 (95% CI, 2.24-2.60) with placebo (difference, -0.7 [95% CI, -0.95 to -0.45]; P < .001) in the combined population. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities of edema or effusion occurred in 205 participants (24.0%; 52 symptomatic) in the donanemab group and 18 (2.1%; 0 symptomatic during study) in the placebo group and infusion-related reactions occurred in 74 participants (8.7%) with donanemab and 4 (0.5%) with placebo. Three deaths in the donanemab group and 1 in the placebo group were considered treatment related. |
1 |
| 67. Wang YT, Rosa-Neto P, Gauthier S. Advanced brain imaging for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. [Review]. Current Opinion in Neurology. 36(5):481-490, 2023 10 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the latest advances of brain imaging for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). |
Brain imaging techniques provide valuable and complementary information to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in clinical and research settings. The recent FDA accelerated approvals of aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab made amyloid-PET critical in helping determine the optimal window for anti-amyloid therapeutic interventions. Tau-PET, on the other hand, is considered of key importance for the tracking of disease progression and for monitoring therapeutic interventions in clinical trials. PET imaging for microglial activation, astrocyte reactivity and synaptic degeneration are still new techniques only used in the research field, and more studies are needed to validate their use in the clinical diagnosis of AD. Finally, artificial intelligence has opened new prospective in the early detection of AD using MRI modalities. |
4 |
| 68. Duignan JA, Haughey A, Kinsella JA, Killeen RP. Molecular and Anatomical Imaging of Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. [Review]. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 51(3):264-274, 2021 05. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the Molecular and Anatomical Imaging of Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. [ |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 69. Grossman M, Seeley WW, Boxer AL, et al. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023;9:40. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
To review frontotemporal lobar degeneration |
No results listed in abstract. |
4 |
| 70. Diehl-Schmid J, Onur OA, Kuhn J, Gruppe T, Drzezga A. Imaging frontotemporal lobar degeneration. [Review]. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 14(10):489, 2014 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide a synopsis on the value of magnetic resonance imaging-based and molecular imaging procedures in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). |
No results stated in abstract |
4 |
| 71. Rombouts SA, van Swieten JC, Pijnenburg YA, Goekoop R, Barkhof F, Scheltens P. Loss of frontal fMRI activation in early frontotemporal dementia compared to early AD. Neurology. 60(12):1904-8, 2003 Jun 24. |
Observational-Dx |
Seven patients with FTD and seven patients with AD |
To compare frontal cortex activation in patients with early frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with that in patients with early AD. |
The activated working memory network in FTD and AD included frontal and parietal lobe and thalamus. In frontal and parietal cortex, brain activation was significantly decreased in FTD. Frontal regions in patients with FTD showed less linear activation increase with working memory load than in AD. Possibly as a compensation mechanism, the cerebellum showed a stronger increasing response in FTD. |
2 |
| 72. Dopper EG, Rombouts SA, Jiskoot LC, et al. Structural and functional brain connectivity in presymptomatic familial frontotemporal dementia. Neurology. 83(2):e19-26, 2014 Jul 08. |
Observational-Dx |
75 patients |
To investigate whether cognitive deficits and structural and functional connectivity changes can be detected before symptom onset in a large cohort of carriers of MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) or GRN (progranulin) mutations. |
Carriers (n = 39) and noncarriers (n = 36) had similar neuropsychological performance, except for lower Letter Digit Substitution Test scores in carriers. Worse performance on Stroop III, Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, and Happé Cartoons correlated with higher age in carriers, but not controls. Reduced fractional anisotropy in the right uncinate fasciculus was found in carriers compared with controls. Reductions in functional connectivity between anterior midcingulatecortex and frontoinsula and several other brain regions were found in carriers compared with controls and correlated with higher age in carriers, but not controls. We found no significant differences or age correlations in posterior cingulate cortex connectivity. No differences in regional gray matter volume were found, except for a small cluster of higher volume in the precentral gyrus in carriers. |
2 |
| 73. Perez-Millan A, Borrego-Ecija S, Falgas N, et al. Cortical thickness modeling and variability in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol 2024;271:1428-38. |
Observational-Dx |
379 patients |
To study individual variability of cortical thickness in Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and healthy controls. |
We defined CTh spatiotemporal models for each group with a reliable fit. Individual deviation correlated with MMSE for AD and with NfL for FTD. AD patients with higher deviations from the trend presented higher MMSE values. In FTD, lower NfL levels were associated with higher deviations from the CTh prediction. For AD and HC, we could predict longitudinal visits with the presented model trained with baseline data. For FTD, the longitudinal visits had more variability. |
3 |
| 74. Assogna M, Premi E, Gazzina S, et al. Association of Choroid Plexus Volume With Serum Biomarkers, Clinical Features, and Disease Severity in Patients With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Spectrum. Neurology. 101(12):e1218-e1230, 2023 09 19. |
Observational-Dx |
316 patients |
To investigate ChP volume in a large cohort of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum to explore a possible link between ChP volume and other disease-specific biomarkers. |
Three-hundred and sixteen patients within FTLD spectrum were included in this study, specifically 135 patients diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 75 primary progressive aphasia, 46 progressive supranuclear palsy, and 60 corticobasal syndrome. In addition, 82 age-matched healthy participants were recruited as controls (HCs). ChP volume was significantly larger in patients with FTLD compared with HC, across the clinical subtype. Moreover, we found a significant difference in ChP volume between HC and patients stratified for disease-severity based on CDR plus NACC FTLD, including patients at very early stage of the disease. Interestingly, ChP volume correlated with serum NfL, cognitive/behavioral deficits, and with patterns of cortical atrophy. Finally, ChP volume seemed to discriminate HC from patients with FTLD better than other previously identified brain structure volumes. |
2 |
| 75. Zhang Y, Tartaglia MC, Schuff N, et al. MRI signatures of brain macrostructural atrophy and microstructural degradation in frontotemporal lobar degeneration subtypes. J Alzheimers Dis. 33(2):431-44, 2013. |
Observational-Dx |
Twenty-five patients with FTLD (13 with bvFTD, 6 with SD, and 6 with PNFA) and 19 healthy age-matched control subjects |
To investigate to what extent the pattern of white matter microstructural alterations in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) subtypes mirrors the pattern of brain atrophy, and to compare the ability of various diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices in characterizing FTLD patients, as well as to determine whether DTI measures provide greater classification power for FTLD than measuring brain atrophy. |
Compared to controls, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), SD, and PNFA patients each exhibited characteristic regional patterns of brain atrophy and white matter damage. DTI overall provided significantly greater accuracy for FTLD classification than brain atrophy. Moreover, radial diffusivity was more sensitive in assessing white matter damage in FTLD than other DTI indices. The findings suggest that DTI in general and radial diffusivity in particular are more powerful measures for the classification of FTLD patients from controls than brain atrophy. |
3 |
| 76. Tsai RM, Bejanin A, Lesman-Segev O, et al. 18F-flortaucipir (AV-1451) tau PET in frontotemporal dementia syndromes. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 11(1):13, 2019 01 31. |
Observational-Dx |
91 patients |
To discuss the research therapy of 18F-flortaucipir (AV-1451) tau PET in frontotemporal dementia syndromes. |
On qualitative assessment, patients with nfvPPA showed elevated 18F-flortacupir binding in the left greater than right inferior frontal gyrus. Patients with CBS showed elevated binding in frontal white matter, with higher cortical gray matter uptake in a subset of ß-amyloid-positive patients. Five of ten patients with sporadic bvFTD demonstrated increased frontotemporal binding. MAPT mutation carriers had elevated 18F-flortaucipir retention primarily, but not exclusively, in mutations with Alzheimer's-like neurofibrillary tangles. However, tracer retention was also seen in patients with svPPA, and the mutations C9ORF72, GRN predicted to have TDP-43 pathology. Quantitative region-of-interest differences between patients and controls were seen only in inferior frontal gyrus in nfvPPA and left insula and bilateral temporal poles in MAPT carriers. No significant regional differences were found in CBS or sporadic bvFTD. Two patients underwent postmortem neuropathological examination. A patient with C9ORF72, TDP-43-type B pathology, and incidental co-pathology of scattered neurofibrillary tangles in the middle frontal, inferior temporal gyrus showed corresponding mild 18F-flortaucipir retention without additional uptake matching the widespread TDP-43 type B pathology. A patient with sporadic bvFTD demonstrated punctate inferior temporal and hippocampus tracer retention, corresponding to the area of severe argyrophilic grain disease pathology. |
2 |
| 77. Cho H, Kim HJ, Choi JY, et al. 18F-flortaucipir uptake patterns in clinical subtypes of primary progressive aphasia. Neurobiology of Aging. 75:187-197, 2019 03. |
Observational-Dx |
34 patients |
To analyze 18F-flortaucipir uptake patterns and structural changes in patients with subtypes of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) using 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
2 |
| 78. Pascual B, Funk Q, Zanotti-Fregonara P, et al. Neuroinflammation is highest in areas of disease progression in semantic dementia. Brain 2021;144:1565-75. |
Observational-Dx |
20 patients |
To identify the topography of neuroinflammation in semantic dementia |
Eight amyloid-PET-negative patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia underwent 11C-PBR28 and 18F-flortaucipir PET. Healthy controls underwent 11C-PBR28 PET (n?=?12) or 18F-flortaucipir PET (n?=?12). Inflammation in PET with 11C-PBR28 was analysed using Logan graphical analysis with a metabolite-corrected arterial input function. 18F-flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratios were calculated using the cerebellum as the reference region. Since monoamine oxidase B receptors are expressed by astrocytes in affected tissue, selegiline was administered to one patient with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia before repeating 18F-flortaucipir scanning to test whether monoamine oxidase B inhibition blocked flortaucipir binding, which it did not. While 11C-PBR28 uptake was mostly cortical, 18F-flortaucipir uptake was greatest in the white matter. The uptake of both tracers was increased in the left temporal lobe and in the right temporal pole, as well as in regions adjoining the left temporal pole such as insula and orbitofrontal cortex. However, peak uptake of 18F-flortaucipir localized to the left temporal pole, the epicentre of pathology, while the peak of inflammation 11C-PBR28 uptake localized to a more posterior, mid-temporal region and left insula and orbitofrontal cortex, in the periphery of the damage core. |
3 |
| 79. Oldan JD, Jewells VL, Pieper B, Wong TZ. Complete Evaluation of Dementia: PET and MRI Correlation and Diagnosis for the Neuroradiologist. [Review]. Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 42(6):998-1007, 2021 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To familiarize neuroradiologists with the pathophysiology, clinical findings, and standard MR imaging and PET imaging features of multiple forms of dementia as well as new emerging techniques. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 80. Donaghy P, Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT. Amyloid PET Imaging in Lewy body disorders. [Review]. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 23(1):23-37, 2015 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
18 studies |
To review the amyloid imaging studies in Lewy body (LB) disorders. |
LB disorders are associated with lower mean cortical Ab ligand binding compared with Alzheimer disease. In DLB and PDD many subjects have normal levelsof cortical Ab, though a subset show increased Ab ligand binding. Those with DLB show greater ligand binding than PDD; binding does not appear to be increased in PD without dementia. Cortical Ab deposition may be a factor in the development of cognitive impairment in some cases of dementia in LB disorders. Amyloid imaging is of limited use in the diagnosis of LB disorders but Ab deposition may predict the future development of dementia in PD. Reports of correlation between Ab deposition and symptom profile, severity, and progression have been inconsistent. Some results suggest a synergistic interaction between Ab and a-synuclein. Interpretation of the current evidence is hampered by differing methodologies across studies and small sample sizes. Large, prospective longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the association of Ab with symptom development, progression, severity, and treatment response in LB disorders. |
4 |
| 81. Feng LR, Vogel A, Mellergaard C, et al. Clinical validation of the cingulate island sign visual rating scale in dementia with Lewy bodies. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 451:120719, 2023 08 15. |
Observational-Dx |
161 patients |
To validate the visual CIS rating scale (CISRs) for the diagnosis of DLB and to explore the clinical correlates. |
The optimal cut-off to differentiate DLB from AD was a CISRs score = 1 (sensitivity = 66%, specificity = 84%) whereas a CISRs score = 2 (sensitivity = 58%, specificity = 92%) was optimal to differentiate amyloid positive DLB (n = 43 (82.7%)) and AD. To identify DLB with abnormal (n = 53 (72.6%)) versus normal (n = 20 (27.4%)) dopamine transporter imaging, a CISRs cut-off of 4 had a specificity of 95%. DLB with a CISRs score of 4 performed significantly better in tests on free verbal recall and picture based cued recall, but worse on processing speed compared to DLB with a CISRs score of 0. |
1 |
| 82. Graff-Radford J, Boeve BF, Murray ME, et al. Regional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy patterns in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Aging. 35(6):1483-90, 2014 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
Patients with DLB (n = 34) and AD dementia (n =
35) |
To determine the Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) changes in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) with low probability of overlapping Alzheimer’sdisease (AD) pathology. |
DLB patients were characterized by decreased N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) in the occipital voxel. AD patients were characterized bylower NAA/Cr in the frontal and posterior cingulate voxels. Normal NAA/Cr levels in the frontal voxel differentiated DLB patients with preserved hippocampal volumes from AD patients. DLB and AD patients had elevated choline/creatine, and myo-Inositol/creatine in the posterior cingulate. MRS abnormalitiesassociated with loss of neuronal integrity localized to the occipital lobes in DLB, and the posterior cingulate gyri and frontal lobes in AD. |
3 |
| 83. Watson R, Colloby SJ, Blamire AM, O'Brien JT. Subcortical volume changes in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. A comparison with healthy aging. Int Psychogeriatr. 28(4):529-36, 2016 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
One hundred participants (35 healthy controls, 32 AD, and 33 DLB) |
To test the hypothesis that relative to healthy aging, atrophy of the subcortical brain structures would be greater in Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) than in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). |
Significant group effects were apparent among subcortical brain volumes (F28,162 = 4.8, p < 0.001; Wilk’s lambda = 0.30, partial eta2 = 0.45), while univariate tests showed differences in all volumetric measures (p < 0.03) except in right caudate (p = 0.08). Post-hoc analyses indicated that while not significantly differentfrom AD, changes compared to healthy subjects in left caudate, bilateral putamen, left thalamus, brainstem and total subcortical grey volume were more pronounced in DLB. Significant differences between AD and DLB were confined to the bilateral hippocampus (DLB > AD, p < 0.008). |
3 |
| 84. Constant AB, Basavaraju R, France J, Honig LS, Marder KS, Provenzano FA. Longitudinal Patterns of Cortical Atrophy on MRI in Patients With Alzheimer Disease With and Without Lewy Body Pathology. Neurology. 99(17):e1843-e1852, 2022 Oct 24. |
Observational-Dx |
48 patients |
To examine whether there were differences in longitudinal patterns of cortical atrophy between patients with both AD and DLB (AD/DLB) vs those with AD alone. |
Autopsies and serial neuroimaging were available on 48 patients (24 AD and 24 AD/DLB). Patients with AD alone had significantly higher atrophy rates in the left cuneus, lateral occipital, and parahippocampal regions over time when compared with patients with concomitant DLB, after covarying for interval from imaging to autopsy, sex, and total estimated intracranial volume. Site ID was included as a random effect to account for site differences. For these regions, the rate of decline over time in the AD/DLB group was less steep by a difference of 0.1887, 0.395, and 0.0989, respectively (p = 0.022, 0.006, and 0.006). The lattermost left cuneus volume measurement and Braak Lewy score had a Pearson product-moment correlation of 0.37, p = 0.009, while the lattermost left parahippocampal volume measurement and Braak neurofibrillary tangle score had a Pearson product-moment correlation of -0.327, p = 0.02. |
2 |
| 85. Fayed N, Davila J, Oliveros A, Castillo J, Medrano JJ. Utility of different MR modalities in mild cognitive impairment and its use as a predictor of conversion to probable dementia. Acad Radiol. 2008;15(9):1089-1098. |
Observational-Dx |
119 consecutive amnesic MCI patients |
To determine whether findings from a combined use of hydrogen-1 MRS, PWI, and DWI would predict conversion from amnesic MCI to dementia and to compare the diagnostic accuracy in discriminating patients with PAD, mixed dementia, DLB, pre-AD MCI, vascular MCI, and anxious or depression patients with cognitive impairment. |
N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios in posterior cingulated gyri predict the conversion to PAD with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 72%, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios in the left occipital cortex had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 69%. Significant differences in N-acetylaspartate/creatine, N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol, N-acetylaspartate/choline, myoinositol/N-acetylaspartate, and choline/creatine ratios. N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios in posterior cingulated gyri and left occipital cortex can predict the conversion from MCI to dementia with high sensitivity and specificity. MRS can differentiate AD from MCI, but cannot differentiate the types of MCI. DWI in the right hippocampus presents higher values of ADC in LBD and allows differentiating it from MCI. |
3 |
| 86. Shimizu S, Hanyu H, Hirao K, Sato T, Iwamoto T, Koizumi K. Value of analyzing deep gray matter and occipital lobe perfusion to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease. Ann Nucl Med. 2008;22(10):911-916. |
Observational-Dx |
79 patients: 30 with probable DLB; 49 with PAD |
To explore characteristics of regional cerebral blood flow pattern changes to improve the identification of DLB, in addition to occipital hypoperfusion. |
The DLB group showed a significant relative regional cerebral blood flow increase in the bilateral striatum and thalamus, and a significant relative regional cerebral blood flow decrease in the bilateral occipital lobe when compared with the AD group. Determining the hyperperfusion in the thalamus together with the hypoperfusion in the occipital lobe enabled a more accurate differentiation between DLB and AD than studying individual areas. Studying the relative increase of regional cerebral blood flow in the deep gray matter, and the relative decrease of that in the occipital lobe achieved a high differentiation between DLB and AD. This suggests that determining both an increase and a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow pattern may be important in differentiating between the two diseases. |
3 |
| 87. Rahayel S, Postuma R, Baril AA, et al. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT Perfusion Signatures Associated With Clinical Progression in Patients With Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Neurology. 102(4):e208015, 2024 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
137 patient |
To identify a perfusion signature associated with conversion to dementia with Lewy bodies in iRBD. |
Of the 137 participants, 93 underwent SPECT processing, namely 52 patients with iRBD (67.9 years, 73% men), 19 patients with Parkinson disease (67.3 years, 37% men), and 22 controls (67.0 years, 73% men). Of the 47 patients with iRBD followed up longitudinally (4.5 years), 12 (26%) developed a manifest synucleinopathy (4 dementia with Lewy bodies and 8 Parkinson disease). Analysis revealed 2 latent variables between relative blood flow and clinical features: the first was associated with a broad set of features that included motor, cognitive, and perceptual variables, age, and sex; the second was mostly associated with cognitive features and RBD duration. When brought back into the patient's space, the expression of the first variable was associated with conversion to a manifest synucleinopathy, whereas the second was associated with conversion to dementia with Lewy bodies. The expression of the patterns changed over time and was associated with worse motor features. |
2 |
| 88. Jreige M, Kurian GK, Perriraz J, et al. The diagnostic performance of functional dopaminergic scintigraphic imaging in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies: an updated systematic review. [Review]. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 50(7):1988-2035, 2023 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
59 studies |
To clarify the current state of knowledge on this imaging modality and its impact on clinical diagnosis, we performed an updated systematic review of the literature. |
We performed a qualitative analysis of 59 studies. Of the 59 studies, 19 (32%) addressed the diagnostic performance of dopamine transporter imaging, 15 (25%) assessed the identification of dementia with Lewy bodies in the spectrum of Lewy body disease and 18 (31%) investigated the role of functional dopaminergic imaging in distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies from other dementias. Dopamine transporter loss was correlated with clinical outcomes in 19 studies (32%) and with other functional imaging modalities in 15 studies (25%). Heterogeneous technical aspects were found among the studies through the use of various radioligands, the more prevalent being the [123I]N-?-fluoropropyl-2ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) in 54 studies (91.5%). Image analysis used visual analysis (9 studies, 15%), semi-quantitative analysis (29 studies, 49%), or a combination of both (16 studies, 27%). |
4 |
| 89. Maltais DD, Jordan LG, Min HK, et al. Confirmation of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT Quantification Methods in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 61(11):1628-1635, 2020 11. |
Observational-Dx |
24 patients |
To conduct a retrospective study comparing 3 123I-N-?-fluoropropyl-2ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) SPECT quantitative methods in patients with neurodegenerative syndromes as referenced to neuropathologic findings |
The cohort included 24 patients (20 [83%] male, mean age for all patients at death, 75.4 ± 10.0 y). The antemortem clinical diagnoses were Alzheimer disease dementia (n = 6), probable dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 12), mixed Alzheimer disease dementia and probable dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 1), Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment (n = 2), corticobasal syndrome (n = 1), idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (n = 1), and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (n = 1). Seventeen (71%) had LBD. All 3 123I-FP-CIT SPECT quantitative methods had an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve ranging from more than 0.93 to up to 1.000 (P < 0.001) and showed excellent discrimination between LBD and non-LBD patients in each region assessed (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the accuracy of the regions in discriminating the 2 groups, with good discrimination for both caudate and putamen. |
2 |
| 90. Gomperts SN, Locascio JJ, Makaretz SJ, et al. Tau Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging in the Lewy Body Diseases. JAMA Neurol 2016;73:1334-41. |
Observational-Dx |
24 patients |
To contrast tau aggregation in DLB, cognitively impaired persons with PD (PD-impaired), cognitively normal individuals with PD (PD-normal), and healthy persons serving as control participants, and to evaluate the association between tau aggregation, amyloid deposition, and cognitive function. |
In patients with DLB, cortical [18F]AV-1451 uptake was highly variable and greater than in the controls, particularly in the inferior temporal gyrus and precuneus. Foci of increased [18F]AV-1451 binding in the inferior temporal gyrus and precuneus were also evident in PD-impaired patients. Elevated cortical [18F]AV-1451 binding was observed in 4 of 17 patients with Lewy body disease with low cortical [11C]PiB retention. For DLB and PD-impaired patients, greater [18F]AV-1451 uptake in the inferior temporal gyrus and precuneus was associated with increased cognitive impairment as measured with the MMSE and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale sum-of-boxes score. |
1 |
| 91. Mak E, Nicastro N, Malpetti M, et al. Imaging tau burden in dementia with Lewy bodies using [(18)F]-AV1451 positron emission tomography. Neurobiol Aging 2021;101:172-80. |
Observational-Dx |
51 patients |
To evaluate the in vivo distribution of tau burden and its influence on the clinical phenotype of DLB. |
A subset of patients with Lewy body diseases (n = 4) also underwent [11C]-PK11195 positron emission tomography to estimate microglial activation. [18F]-AV1451 BPND was lower in DLB than AD across widespread regions. The medial temporal lobe [18F]-AV1451 BPND distinguished people with DLB from AD (AUC = 0.87), and negatively correlated with Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised and Mini-Mental State Examination. There was a high degree of colocalization between [18F]-AV1451 and [11C]-PK11195 binding (p < 0.001). Our findings of minimal tau burden in DLB confirm previous studies. Nevertheless, the associations of [18F]-AV1451 binding with cognitive impairment suggest that tau may interact synergistically with other pathologic processes to aggravate disease severity in DLB. |
2 |
| 92. Chang Wong E, Chang Chui H. Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. [Review]. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 28(3):750-780, 2022 06 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss a broad overview of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical approach, and management. |
The pathophysiology of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is heterogeneous, and the most recent diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia break down the diagnosis of major vascular dementia into four phenotypic categories, including subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, poststroke dementia, multi-infarct dementia, and mixed dementia. Control of cardiovascular risk factors, including management of midlife blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugars, remains the mainstay of prevention for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy requires special consideration when it comes to risk factor management given the increased risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Recent trials suggest some improvement in global cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment and dementia with targeted cognitive rehabilitation. |
4 |
| 93. Yang X, Chen C, Wang A, Li C, Cheng G. Imaging, Genetic, and Pathological Features of Vascular Dementia. [Review]. European Neurology. 86(4):277-284, 2023. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To summarized the imaging, genetic, and pathological features of VD in this review. |
It is a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of VD, particularly in patients where there is no evident temporal relation between cerebrovascular events and cognitive dysfunction. In patients with cognitive dysfunction with poststroke onset, the etiological classification is still complicated. |
4 |
| 94. Singhal S, Markus HS. Cerebrovascular reactivity and dynamic autoregulation in nondemented patients with CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy). J Neurol 2005;252:163-7. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
measured dynamic cerebral autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity in 24 nondemented CADASIL patients and 20 controls, using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 95. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology. 43(2):250-60, 1993 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present the criteria for diagnosis of Vascular dementia |
No results stated in abstract |
4 |
| 96. Frantellizzi V, Pani A, Ricci M, Locuratolo N, Fattapposta F, De Vincentis G. Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 73(4):1279-1294, 2020. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To explore the state of the art and future perspective of non-invasive diagnostics of VCID. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 97. Murray AD. Imaging Approaches for Dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;33(10):1836-1844. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review brain imaging approaches for dementia. |
Brain imaging has progressed from exclusion of rare treatable mass lesions to a specific antemortem diagnosis. MRI-derived hippocampal atrophy and white matter hyperintensities are regarded as imaging biomarkers of AD and CVD respectively. Abnormal FP-CIT SPECT or cardiac iodobenzamide SPECT is a useful supportive imaging feature in the diagnosis of DLB. Frontal and/or anterior temporal atrophy and anterior defects on molecular imaging with FDG-PET or perfusion SPECT are characteristic of FTDs. Whole-body FDG-PET may be helpful in patients with rapidly progressing "autoimmune dementias," and FLAIR and DWI are indicated in suspected CJD. A major role of imaging is in the development of new drugs and less costly biomarkers. |
4 |
| 98. Nobili F, Arbizu J, Bouwman F, et al. European Association of Nuclear Medicine and European Academy of Neurology recommendations for the use of brain 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in neurodegenerative cognitive impairment and dementia: Delphi consensus. European Journal of Neurology. 25(10):1201-1217, 2018 10. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss Recommendations for using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to support the diagnosis of dementing neurodegenerative disorders are sparse and poorly structured.to support the diagnosis of dementing neurodegenerative disorders are sparse and poorly structured. |
Of the 1435 papers, 58 papers provided proper quantitative assessment of test performance. The panel agreed on recommending FDG-PET for 14 questions: diagnosing mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB); diagnosing atypical AD and pseudo-dementia; differentiating between AD and DLB, FTLD or vascular dementia, between DLB and FTLD, and between Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy; suggesting underlying pathophysiology in corticobasal degeneration and progressive primary aphasia, and cortical dysfunction in Parkinson's disease; using semi-automated assessment to assist visual reading. Panellists did not support FDG-PET use for pre-clinical stages of neurodegenerative disorders, for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease diagnoses, and for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Huntington-disease-related cognitive decline. |
4 |
| 99. Sappey-Marinier D, Calabrese G, Hetherington HP, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain: applications to normal white matter, chronic infarction, and MRI white matter signal hyperintensities. Magn Reson Med. 26(2):313-27, 1992 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
Seven normal volunteers, seven patients with chronic cerebral infarction or stroke and five patients with WMSH |
To determine the ratios and T2 relaxation times of proton metabolites in normal subjects and in patients with chronic infarction and MRI white matter signal hyperintensities ( WMSH) using modified ISIS method for image-selected localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ('H MRS) |
First, in patients with cerebral infarctions, increased concentrations of lactate were found in the majority of patients, and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was reduced to a significantly greater extent than choline (Cho) or creatine (Cre). For TE = 270 ms, the raw ratios of Cho/NAA, Cre/NAA, and Lac/NAA were significantly ( P <0.05) increased from 0.23 +- 0.02 (mean +- SE), 0.20 +- 0.01, and 0.05 k 0.01, respectively in the normal group to 0.39 +- 0.08,0.37 +- 0.05, and 0.48 +- 0.15 in the stroke group. Also, the T2 relaxation time of creatine was significantly (P = 0.007) increased from 136 ms in normal white matter to 171 ms in cerebral infarcts. Second, in patients with WMSH, no significant change of the proton metabolite concentrations could be detected with the exception of the choline which was significantly (P = 0.003) altered. The Cho/NAA ratio, after T2 and excitation profile correction, increased from 0.47 +- 0.02 in the normal group to 0.64 +- 0.05 in the WMSH group. Third, in normal white matter, the concentration ofN-acetyl aspartate, choline, and lactate was estimated to 1 I .5, 2.0, and 0.6 mM, respectively, by assuming a total creatine concentration of 10 mM. |
3 |
| 100. Nitkunan A, Barrick TR, Charlton RA, Clark CA, Markus HS. Multimodal MRI in cerebral small vessel disease: its relationship with cognition and sensitivity to change over time. Stroke. 39(7):1999-2005, 2008 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
35 patients |
To determine which MRI parameters best correlated with cognitive function on cross-sectional analysis and which changed over a period of 1 year in patients with symptomatic sporadic small vessel disease. |
An executive function score correlated most strongly with diffusion tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy histogram, r= -0.640, P=0.004) and brain volume (r=0.501, P=0.034). Associations with diffusion tensor imaging were stronger than with all other MRI parameters. On multiple regression of all imaging parameters, a model that contained brain volume and fractional anisotropy, together with age, gender, and premorbid IQ, explained 74% of thevariance of the executive function score (P=0.0001). Changes in mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were detectable over the 1-year follow-up; in contrast, no change in other MRI parameters was detectable over this time period. |
2 |
| 101. Brundel M, Kwa VI, Bouvy WH, et al. Cerebral microbleeds are not associated with long-term cognitive outcome in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 37(3):195-202, 2014. |
Observational-Dx |
397 patients |
To examine the relationship between microbleeds in patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke, and cognitiveperformance 4 years later. |
The mean age was 65 ± 12 years at inclusion. The vascular event at inclusion was a TIA in 170 patients (52%) and a minor ischemic stroke in 155 patients (47%). Microbleeds were present in 11.6% of the patients. Patients with microbleeds were significantly older than patients without microbleeds (70 ± 9 vs. 64 ± 12 years), more often had hypertension, and had more cerebral atrophy, WMH and lacunae on MRI (all p < 0.05). The mean TICS score was 35.3 ± 5.9 for patients with microbleeds (n = 29) and 34.6 ± 5.2 for patients without microbleeds (n = 251); the adjusted mean difference (95% CI) was 1.69 (–0.01 to 3.38). The total IQCODEscore was 66.0 ± 10.8 for patients with microbleeds (n = 9) and 63.1 ± 12.9 for patients without microbleeds (n = 39); the adjusted mean difference was 2.43 (–7.55 to 12.41). The relative risk (adjusted for age) for abnormal cognitive performance when having microbleeds was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.63– 2.26). Subcortical atrophy was associated with lower TICS score [standardized regression coefficient ß: –0.12 (–0.23 to 0.00); p = 0.04] and with lower IQCODE score [0.51 (0.19–0.83); p = 0.00]. The adjusted mean difference of IQCODE scores between patients with and those without a lacunar infarct was 0.39 (0.12–0.65; p = 0.01). |
1 |
| 102. Lee H, Wiggermann V, Rauscher A, et al. Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Mixed Alzheimer's and Subcortical Vascular Dementia. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 50(4):515-528, 2023 07. |
Observational-Dx |
17 patients |
To perform an exploratory analysis of conventional and non-conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in MixD and to compare them to those observed in AD and SVaD. |
Model findings suggested imaging characteristics specific to our MixD group, including 1) higher burden of WMSAs on T1-weighted MRI (versus both AD and SVaD); 2) frontal lobar preponderance of WMSAs on both T2-FLAIR and T1-weighted MRI; 3) higher fractional anisotropy values within normal-appear white-matter tissues (versus SVaD, but not AD); and 4) lower R2* values within the T2-FLAIR WMSA areas (versus both AD and SVaD). |
2 |
| 103. Halperin JJ, Kurlan R, Schwalb JM, Cusimano MD, Gronseth G, Gloss D. Practice guideline: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Response to shunting and predictors of response: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. [Review][Erratum appears in Neurology. 2016 Feb 23;86(8):793; PMID: 26903492]. Neurology. 85(23):2063-71, 2015 Dec 08. |
Review/Other-Dx |
21 articles |
To evaluate evidence for utility of shunting in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and for predictors of shunting effectiveness. |
Of 21 articles, we identified 3 Class I articles. |
4 |
| 104. Giorgio C, Marcello L, Enricomaria M, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. [Review]. World Neurosurgery. 181:171-177, 2024 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. |
Another interesting feature that is becoming a well-recognized factor to look for and useful for the diagnosis of iNPH is disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, which includes enlarged ventricles, tight high-convexity and medial surface subarachnoid spaces, and expanded Sylvian fissures. A correct choice of MRI sequences is important for a proper characterization identification of others diseases that may underlie this pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging allows us to evaluate CSF flow, enabling us to define qualitative and quantitative parameters necessary for the purpose of accurate iNPH diagnosis. |
4 |
| 105. Mattoli MV, Treglia G, Calcagni ML, Mangiola A, Anile C, Trevisi G. Usefulness of Brain Positron Emission Tomography with Different Tracers in the Evaluation of Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalous. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(18), 2020 Sep 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To perform a systematic review on the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 106. Cogswell PM, Graff-Radford J, Wurtz LI, et al. CSF dynamics disorders: Association of brain MRI and nuclear medicine cisternogram findings. NeuroImage Clinical. 28:102481, 2020. |
Observational-Dx |
102 patients |
To evaluate for differences in nuclear medicine cisternography between patients with vs without DESH and thereby provide support for the concept that DESH is a structural imaging marker of a CSF dynamics disorder. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
2 |
| 107. Townley RA, Botha H, Graff-Radford J, et al. 18F-FDG PET-CT pattern in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. NeuroImage Clinical. 18:897-902, 2018. |
Observational-Dx |
7 patients |
To explore FDG-PET abnormalities in iNPH patients in order to determine if FDG-PET may serve as a biomarker to differentiate iNPH from common neurodegenerative disorders. |
Patients with iNPH, when compared to controls, AD, DLB/PDD, and bvFTD, had significant regional hypometabolism in the dorsal striatum, involving the caudate and putamen bilaterally. These results remained highly significant after partial volume correction. |
2 |
| 108. Algin O, Hakyemez B, Parlak M. Proton MR spectroscopy and white matter hyperintensities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and other dementias. Br J Radiol. 83(993):747-52, 2010 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients with INPH (Group 1), 11 patients with other types of dementia (Group 2) and 20 control patients (Group 3) |
To evaluate the role of proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), predicting response to therapy and differentiating INPH from other dementias. |
In both Groups 1 and 2, N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline-NAA/creatine ratios were significantly less than in the control group (p <0.05). The WMH and MRS findings of Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated no statistically significant correlation (p >0.05). No correlation was found between the outcome of shunt operations and WMH and MRS findings (p >0.05) |
2 |
| 109. Geschwind MD. Rapidly Progressive Dementia. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2016;22:510-37. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To presents a practical and informative approach to the evaluation of a patient with a rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). |
RPDs, in which patients typically develop dementia over weeks to months, require an alternative differential than the slowly progressive dementias that occur over a few years. Because of their rapid decline, patients with RPDs necessitate urgent evaluation and often require an extensive workup, typically with multiple tests being sent or performed concurrently. Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, perhaps the prototypical RPD, is often the first diagnosis many neurologists consider when treating a patient with rapid cognitive decline. Many conditions other than prion disease, however, including numerous reversible or curable conditions, can present as an RPD. This chapter discusses some of the major etiologies for RPDs and offers an algorithm for diagnosis. |
4 |
| 110. Degnan AJ, Levy LM. Neuroimaging of rapidly progressive dementias, part 1: neurodegenerative etiologies. [Review]. Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 35(3):418-23, 2014 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
n/a |
To address the ability of MR imaging and ancillary neuroimaging strategies to support the diagnostic evaluation of rapidly progressive dementias due to neurodegenerative causes. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 111. Degnan AJ, Levy LM. Neuroimaging of rapidly progressive dementias, part 2: prion, inflammatory, neoplastic, and other etiologies. [Review]. Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 35(3):424-31, 2014 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
55 patients |
To review a 2-part review of rapidly progressive dementias examines the use of imaging in an assortment of other etiologies in the differential diagnosis, from prion disease and neoplastic-related conditions to rare metabolic and other conditions such as Wernicke encephalopathy. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 112. Manara R, Fragiacomo F, Ladogana A, et al. MRI abnormalities in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other rapidly progressive dementia. Journal of Neurology. 271(1):300-309, 2024 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
107 patients |
To investigate brain MRI abnormalities in a cohort of patients with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) with and without a diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). |
Among patients with definite/probable diagnosis of CJD or genetic prion disease, 2/107 had normal DWI-MRI: in one patient a 2-months follow-up DWI-MRI showed CJD-related changes while the other had autopsy-proven CJD despite no DWI abnormalities 282 days after clinical onset. CJD-related cortical changes were detected in all lobes and involvement of thalamus was common. In the npRPD groups, 6/40 patients showed DWI alterations that clustered in three different patterns: (1) minimal/doubtful signal alterations (limbic encephalitis, dementia with Lewy bodies); (2) clearly suggestive of alternative diagnoses (status epilepticus, Wernicke or metabolic encephalopathy); (3) highly suggestive of CJD (mitochondrial disease), though cortical swelling let exclude CJD. |
2 |
| 113. Khan A, Elkady A, Rahametallah M, Bakheet MF. Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting as a Rapidly Progressive Thalamic Dementia: A Case Report. Cureus 2022;14:e29392. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 patient |
To present a case of a 45 years-old male who presented with rapidly progressive severe attention and memory impairment over one week. Initial work-up showed bilateral thalamic recent venous infarctions and edema. |
No result stated in the abstract |
4 |
| 114. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; Committee on National Statistics; Committee on Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. In: Becker T, Chin M, Bates N, eds. Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) Copyright 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.; 2022. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Sex and gender are often conflated under the assumptions that they are mutually determined and do not differ from each other; however, the growing visibility of transgender and intersex populations, as well as efforts to improve the measurement of sex and gender across many scientific fields, has demonstrated the need to reconsider how sex, gender, and the relationship between them are conceptualized. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 115. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Appropriateness-Criteria/RadiationDoseAssessmentIntro.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
