| 1. Rettig EM, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of head and neck cancer. [Review]. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 24(3):379-96, 2015 Jul. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the risk factors, incidence trends, and prognostic considerations for head and neck cancer (HNC). |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 2. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Head and Neck Cancers. Version 1.2022. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/head-and-neck.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe:- supportive care recommendations in the NCCN Guidelines for Head and Neck Cancers, as well as the rationale supporting a new section on imaging recommendations for patients with H&N cancers.-describes updates to treatment recommendations for patients with very advanced H&N cancers and salivary gland tumors, specifically systemic therapy recommendations. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 3. Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2017. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To classify patients with cancer, define prognosis, and determine the best treatment approaches. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 4. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging:, Hoang JK, Oldan JD, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria R Thyroid Disease. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 16(5S):S300-S314, 2019 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for thyroid disease. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 5. Policeni B, Corey AS, Burns J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cranial Neuropathy. J Am Coll Radiol 2017;14:S406-S20. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for cranial neuropathy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 6. Aulino JM, Kirsch CFE, Burns J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Neck Mass-Adenopathy. J Am Coll Radiol 2019;16:S150-S60. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for neck mass-adenopathy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 7. American College of Radiology. ACR–NASCI–SIR–SPR Practice Parameter for the Performance and Interpretation of Body Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/body-cta.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Guidance document to promote the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology by describing specific training, skills and techniques. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 8. Prasad R, Chen B. Imaging Evaluation of the Head and Neck Oncology Patient. Cancer Treat Res. 174:59-86, 2018. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe the various imaging modalities available and offer suggestions on their utilization. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 9. Sanli Y, Zukotynski K, Mittra E, et al. Update 2018: 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MRI in Head and Neck Cancer. [Review]. Clin Nucl Med. 43(12):e439-e452, 2018 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss a recent for reporting therapy response (Hopkins criteria), a multicenter prospective cohort study with excellent negative predictive value of F-FDG PET/CT for N0 clinical neck, a phase III multicenter randomized controlled study establishing the value of a negative posttherapy F-FDG PET/CT for patient management, a phase II randomized controlled study demonstrating radiation dose reduction strategies for human papilloma virus-related disease, and Food and Drug Administration approval of nivolumab for treatment of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
2 |
| 10. Rohde M, Nielsen AL, Johansen J, et al. Head-to-Head Comparison of Chest X-Ray/Head and Neck MRI, Chest CT/Head and Neck MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT for Detection of Distant Metastases and Synchronous Cancer in Oral, Pharyngeal, and Laryngeal Cancer. J Nucl Med. 58(12):1919-1924, 2017 12. |
Observational-Dx |
307 patients |
To determine the detection rate of distant metastasis and synchronous cancer, comparing clinically used imaging strategies based on chest x-ray + head and neck MRI (CXR/MRI) and chest CT + head and neck MRI (CHCT/MRI) with 18F-FDG PET/CT upfront in the diagnostic workup of patients with oral, pharyngeal, or laryngeal cancer. |
A total of 307 patients were included. CXR/MRI correctly detected 3 (1%) patients with distant metastasis, CHCT/MRI detected 11 (4%) patients, and PET/CT detected 18 (6%) patients. The absolute differences of 5% and 2%, respectively, were statistically significant in favor of PET/CT. Also, PET/CT correctly detected 25 (8%) synchronous cancers, which was significantly more than CXR/MRI (3 patients, 1%) and CHCT/MRI (6 patients, 2%). The true detection rate of distant metastasis or synchronous cancer with PET/CT was 13% (40 patients), which was significantly higher than 2% (6 patients) for CXR/MRI and 6% (17 patients) for CHCT/MRI. |
2 |
| 11. de Bree R, Deurloo EE, Snow GB, Leemans CR. Screening for distant metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope. 110(3 Pt 1):397-401, 2000 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
101 patients |
To evaluate the value of screening for distant metastases. |
Distant metastases were found in 17% of the patients. Patients with four or more clinical lymph node metastases or low jugular lymph node metastases had the highest incidence of distant metastases (33%). CT scan of the thorax detected in 12 patients, lung metastases; in 4, mediastinal lymph node metastases; and in 2, primary lung tumors. Bone scintigraphy detected in four patients bone metastases; in all four patients lung or mediastinal lymph node metastases were also found. Ultrasound and/or CT scan of the liver revealed one patient with metastases. Blood tests did not show any significant difference between patients with or without bone or liver metastases. |
2 |
| 12. de Bree R, Ljumanovic R, Hazewinkel MJ, Witte BI, Castelijns JA. Radiologic extranodal spread and matted nodes: Important predictive factors for development of distant metastases in patients with high-risk head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1452-8, 2016 04. |
Observational-Dx |
145 patients |
To identify different clinical high-risk factors for the development of distant metastases and to test test in the same cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
Of 145 patients, ENS was detected in 87 patients (60.0%) and matted nodes in 53 patients (36.6%). Kaplan-Meier curves for presence or absence of ENS (on CT and/or MRI) and matted nodes (on CT) differ significantly. In a Cox regression analysis, only ENS was a significant risk factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-5.5; p < .001). |
2 |
| 13. Senft A, Hoekstra OS, Castelijns JA, Leemans CR, de Bree R. Pretreatment screening for distant metastases in the Dutch head and neck centers: 10 years later. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 273(10):3287-91, 2016 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To evaluate the current practice and change in practice concerning screening for distant metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, we performed a survey with the same questionnaire as 10 years ago among the eight centers of the Dutch Head and Neck Society treating head and neck cancer in The Netherlands |
Factors related to extensive lymph node metastases are the most frequent indication for screening for distant metastases. The combinations of whole body PET-CT and contrast-enhanced chest CT are nowadays the diagnostic techniques for routinely screening for distant metastases. Screening for distant metastases is performed more frequently than 10 years ago. Although the sensitivity of the diagnostic pathway needs to be improved, most centers are satisfied with the current diagnostic pathway. A reduction of variation in indications and diagnostic techniques used for screening for distant metastases is observed during the last 10 years. In future guidelines patients' selection and diagnostic tests need to be specified in more detail. |
4 |
| 14. Jackel MC, Reischl A, Huppert P. Efficacy of radiologic screening for distant metastases and second primaries in newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope. 117(2):242-7, 2007 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
260 patients |
To evaluate how often additional neoplastic lesions detected by screening had an impact on therapy. |
Screening investigations identified 16 patients (6.2%) with distant metastases and six patients (2.3%) with simultaneous second primaries. Chest computed tomography scan detected 20 neoplastic lesions; abdominal ultrasound and bone scintigraphy each detected 2. Three findings of distant metastases proved to be false-positive during follow up. Of the 22 patients with positive screening results, clinical management was affected in 13 (59.1%). Twelve were originally scheduled for curative surgery and 10 had chest abnormalities. |
4 |
| 15. Fukuhara T, Fujiwara K, Fujii T, et al. Usefulness of chest CT scan for head and neck cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx. 42(1):49-52, 2015 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
332 patients |
To report findings in an effort to broaden the acceptance and application of CT for HNC. |
In total, 332 patients underwent a chest CT scan as part of the initial examination. Lung nodules were detected on the initial chest CT in 77 patients: in contrast, lung nodules were detected on the initial chest X-ray in only five patients. On initial chest CT scans, lung nodules = 1 cm were observed in 10 patients, small solitary lung nodules were observed in 67 patients, and lungs without nodules were observed in 255 patients. Lung nodules were detected in 77 (23.2%) patients, 25 (32.5%) of whom had malignant lung nodules. Moreover, in 18/67 patients (26.9%), small lung nodules initially classified as indeterminate were determined as malignant at follow-up. However, 30/255 patients (11.8%) without nodules at initial diagnosis developed lung nodules at follow-up. T3 or T4 disease (P = 0.006), N2 or N3 disease (P < 0.001) and stage 3 or 4 disease (P = 0.001) individually and significantly correlated with the development of lung metastases. In addition, lung nodules in initial CT scans (P = 0.004) and other distant metastases (P < 0.001) were significant predictors for the development of lung metastases at follow-up. |
4 |
| 16. Halimi C, Barry B, De Raucourt D, et al. Guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL), short version. Diagnosis of local recurrence and metachronous locations in head and neck oncology. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 132(5):287-90, 2015 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To specify the modalities of management, based on a review of the literature and, where data are lacking, to provide expert opinion |
The present paper deals with guidelines for the diagnosis of local and regional recurrence and metachronous head and neck locations. Locoregional recurrence usually occurs within 3 years of primary treatment and is mainly related to the characteristics of the primary tumor and the treatment measures taken. Laryngeal location, safe primary resection margins, low level of lymph node invasion, unimodal primary treatment and early diagnosis of recurrence are factors of good prognosis. Systematic imaging surveillance may be considered for patients for whom a curative technique exists and when surveillance is difficult. The role of PET-scanning remains to be determined. Metachronous locations are frequent, even in the late course; prolonged surveillance is appropriate. The best preventive measure is cessation of alcohol abuse and smoking. Patient education is primordial. |
4 |
| 17. Lee JR, Kim JS, Roh JL, et al. Detection of occult primary tumors in patients with cervical metastases of unknown primary tumors: comparison of (18)F FDG PET/CT with contrast-enhanced CT or CT/MR imaging-prospective study. Radiology. 274(3):764-71, 2015 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
56 patients |
To assess diagnostic accuracy of fluorine 18 ((18)F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) in the detection of occult primary tumors and determination of optimal care in patients with cervical metastasis of an unknown primary tumor (CUP) compared with contrast material-enhanced CT alone or combined contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (CT/MR imaging). |
Primary tumors were detected at 32 sites in 31 (55%) of 56 patients. There were 26 tumors in the palatine tonsil, two in the hypopharynx, two in the base of the tongue, and two in the nasopharynx. PET/CT depicted 22 (69%) of 32 primary tumors, but it failed to depict primary tumors in 10 (31%) of 32 cases. Overall, sensitivity of PET/CT (69%) in detection of primary tumors was higher than that of contrast-enhanced CT (16%) (P < .001) or contrast-enhanced CT/MR imaging (41%) (P = .039), while specificity of these methods did not differ (88%, 76%, and 59% for PET/CT, contrast-enhanced CT, and contrast-enhanced CT/MR imaging, respectively; P > .4). Diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.759) of PET/CT in tumor detection was significantly better than that of contrast-enhanced CT alone (AUC = 0.531) (P = .001) or contrast-enhanced CT/MR imaging (AUC = 0.537) (P = .036). PET/CT depicted primary tumors in eight (50%) of 16 cases of false-negative CT/MR imaging findings, one distant metastatic case, and two cases of synchronous cancer. |
2 |
| 18. Ong TK, Kerawala CJ, Martin IC, Stafford FW. The role of thorax imaging in staging head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 27(6):339-44, 1999 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
138 patients |
To analyse the incidence of thoracic malignancies in 138 patients presenting with newly diagnosed (n = 107) or recurrent (n = 31) cancer of the head and neck over a 4-year period. |
All 138 patients had undergone both computerised tomography of the thorax (CT) and conventional chest radiography within one month of presenting with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma. Seventeen percent of these were found to have simultaneous thoracic malignancies. CT thorax was more sensitive in detecting simultaneous thoracic malignancies compared with standard chest X-ray (24/138 versus 9/138, odds ratio of 3:1 in favour of CT). All thoracic malignancies detected by chest X-ray were also detected by CT thorax. Patients presenting with recurrent tumors were significantly more likely to have simultaneous thoracic malignancies than those with newly diagnosed cancer (11/31 versus 13/107, chi2 test with Yates correction, chi2 = 4.66, p = 0.03). The primary site (laryngeal, oral or pharyngeal) or presence of nodal disease did not have an effect on the incidence of simultaneous thoracic malignancies. The presence of distant metastases and second primary malignancies has major implications in the management and prognosis of patients presenting with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, with a large proportion of such patients succumbing to their disease within one year of diagnosis. As CT scanning of the thorax was a more effective screening investigation than standard chest X-ray in the detection of simultaneous thoracic malignancy, we recommend it for use in the staging of patients presenting with cancer of the head and neck. |
2 |
| 19. Senft A, Hoekstra OS, Witte BI, Leemans CR, de Bree R. Screening for distant metastases in head and neck cancer patients using FDG-PET and chest CT: validation of an algorithm. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 273(9):2643-50, 2016 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
47 patients |
To retrospectively validate an earlier developed algorithm for interpreting the combination of screening PET and CT. |
The test cohort consisted of 47 consecutive HNSCC patients with high-risk factors for distant metastases, who had previously undergone FDG-PET and CT and had a minimum 12 months of follow-up. In 12 (26 %) patients, distant metastases were detected during screening or within 12-month follow-up. In patients with locoregional control during follow-up, the sensitivity and specificity were 55 % (95 % CI 23-83 %) and 97 % (95 % CI 82-99 %), respectively, for chest CT, 55 % (95 % CI 23-83 %) and 100 % (95 % CI 88-100 %), respectively, for PET and 73 % (95 % CI 39-94 %) and 100 % (95 % CI 88-100 %), respectively, for the combination of PET and CT. The proposed algorithm was considered to have been validated. In this algorithm, all FDG-PET positive scans for distant metastases (regardless of interpretation of a solid lung lesion on CT) and CT scans with suspicious pulmonary lesions of less than 5-mm diameter (regardless of FDG-PET findings) are considered positive for distant metastases. |
2 |
| 20. Piersiala K, Akst LM, Hillel AT, Best SR. Clinical practice patterns in laryngeal cancer and introduction of CT lung screening. Am J Otolaryngol. 40(4):520-524, 2019 Jul - Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
151 patients |
To discuss the review of patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer (LC) and treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital who met USPSTF criteria for annual chest screening and were followed for at least 3 consecutive years in the years surrounding the introduction of screening guidelines (January 2010 to December 2017) was performed to identify those who had recommended screening CT chest |
A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study and were followed for a total of 746 patient-years. 184/332 (55%) patient-years in the pre-guidelines period and 246/414 (59%) in the post-guidelines period included at least one recommended chest imaging (CT or PET-CT; p = 0.27). 248/332 (75%) patient-years in the pre-guidelines period and 314/414 (76%) in the post-guidelines period included any radiological chest imaging (X-ray, CT or PET-CT; p = 0.72). Screening scans were ordered by OHNS (45%), Medical Oncology (31%), Radiation Oncology (8%), and primary care (14%) with 70% of patients missing at least one year of indicated screening. |
4 |
| 21. Jaspers GW, Witjes MJ, Groen HJ, Groen H, Rodiger LA, Roodenburg JL. Strategies for patients with newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma and a positive chest CT. A cohort study on the effects on treatment planning and incidence. Eur J Surg Oncol. 37(3):272-7, 2011 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
196 patients |
To establish how often routine CT scan of the chest yields positive findings in patients suffering from oral SCC and how it influences the treatment in terms of extra diagnostic procedures, treatment planning and treatment delay. |
A retrospective study was conducted of a group of 196 patients who were newly diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity between January 2004 and July 2006; 142 hospital files were eligible for reviewing. In 20 (13%) patients chest abnormalities were observed on CT scan of the chest and in 6 (4%) patients malignancy was pathologically confirmed. Both pulmonary second primary tumors and pulmonary metastases were independent of stage of oral malignancy. We found that additional diagnostic procedures did not significantly lengthen the time interval between first consult and start of treatment. The cost of the screening for pulmonary malignancies in the group was € 8.214 per observed pulmonary malignancy. We advocate that CT imaging of the chest should be routinely performed in the diagnostic work up of all patients with a newly discovered SCC of the oral cavity, irrespective of the tumor stage of the oral malignancy. |
2 |
| 22. Locatello LG, Bruno C, Pietragalla M, et al. A critical evaluation of computed tomography-derived depth of invasion in the preoperative assessment of oral cancer staging. Oral Oncol. 107:104749, 2020 08. |
Observational-Dx |
58 patients |
To measure the rDOI by computed tomography (CT) and compare it to the pDOI in a cohort of OSCC patients. Then, we analyze the utility and reliability of rDOI in the preoperative setting. |
For lateral tongue, pDOI was more strongly related with axial rDOI (P < 0.01); for hard palate, the best plane was the sagittal one (P < 0.01); in floor of mouth (FOM) lesions, the strongest correlation was with coronal rDOI (P < 0.01), as well as for cheek buccal mucosa; sagittal scans seem to be the best to evaluate dorsum of the tongue and retromolar trigone; gingiva (P < 0.01) was most correctly evaluated in the coronal plane. Overall accuracy of rDOI restaging was 75.41%. Disease-free survival seems to be worse as rDOI increases. |
2 |
| 23. Madana J, Laliberte F, Morand GB, et al. Computerized tomography based tumor-thickness measurement is useful to predict postoperative pathological tumor thickness in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 44:49, 2015 Nov 16. |
Observational-Dx |
116 patients |
To compare the tumor thickness measurement between preoperative, CT scan, and surgical specimens. |
The median age was 66 years. 62.8 % of patients were smokers with a mean of 31.4 pack-years. Positive nodal disease was reported in 41.2 %. Mean follow-up time was 33.1 months. The correlation between CT scan-based tumor thickness and surgical specimens based thickness was significant (Spearman rho = 0.755, P < 0.001). |
2 |
| 24. Yoon BC, Buch K, Cunnane ME, Sadow PM, Varvares MA, Juliano AF. Comparison between computed tomography and ultrasound for presurgical evaluation of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma tumor thickness. American Journal of Otolaryngology. 42(6):103089, 2021 Nov-Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
26 patients |
To compare the accuracy of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) tumor thickness (TT) measured on CT to intraoperative ultrasound (US) and histopathology. |
OTSCC was visualized on CT in 52% (10/19) and 63% (12/19) of cases for readers 1 and 2, respectively. Mean Likert score was 0.42 for reader 1 and 0.73 for reader 2. Mean cTT of OTSCCs was 5.8 mm +/- 1.7 mm (n = 11). In comparison, mean uTT and hTT were 7.6 mm±3.5 mm and 7.1 +/- 4.2 mm, respectively. The Pearson coefficient (95% confidence interval) was 0.10 (-0.53-0.66) between cTT and hTT (n = 11) and 0.93 (0.74-0.98) between uTT and hTT. |
1 |
| 25. Yoon BC, Bulbul MD, Sadow PM, et al. Comparison of Intraoperative Sonography and Histopathologic Evaluation of Tumor Thickness and Depth of Invasion in Oral Tongue Cancer: A Pilot Study. Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 41(7):1245-1250, 2020 07. |
Observational-Dx |
26 patients |
To investigated whether intraoperative sonography is a feasible technique for assessment of tumor thickness and depth of invasion and validated its accuracy by comparing it with histopathologic evaluation of the resected specimen. |
The mean sonographic tumor thickness was 7.5 ± 3.5 mm, and the mean histologic tumor thickness was 7.0 ± 4.2 mm. Mean sonographic depth of invasion and histologic depth of invasion were 6.6 ± 3.4 and 6.4 ± 4.4 mm, respectively. There was excellent correlation between sonographic and histologic measurements for both tumor thickness and depth of invasion with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.87-0.98) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.87-0.98), respectively. |
1 |
| 26. Waech T, Pazahr S, Guarda V, Rupp NJ, Broglie MA, Morand GB. Measurement variations of MRI and CT in the assessment of tumor depth of invasion in oral cancer: A retrospective study. Eur J Radiol. 135:109480, 2021 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
121 patients |
To assess the accuracy of imaging-based estimation of DOI in relation with the tumor histological DOI. |
A total of 110 CT (90.9 %) and 90 MRI (74 %) were analyzed. Both modalities were available for 79 patients (65.3 %). The median histological depth of invasion was 9 mm (IQR 4.5-14). The median depth of invasion was 14 mm (IQR 10-20) on CT, 13 mm (IQR 8.25-18) on T1-weighted MRI, and 13 mm (IQR 9-18.75) on T2-weighted MRI. All diagnostic modalities tended towards an overestimation of the histopathologic DOI from about 5-15 %. This trend was most pronounced for thin tumors, for which both CT and MRI lead to upstaging in over 50 % of the cases. For 25 (22.7 %) patients, dental scattering on CT rendered DOI not estimable. For MRI, 18 patients (20 %) had artifacts (blooming, motion artifacts) rendering DOI not estimable. |
2 |
| 27. Handschel J, Naujoks C, Depprich RA, et al. CT-scan is a valuable tool to detect mandibular involvement in oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 48(4):361-6, 2012 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
107 patients |
To reinvestigate the accuracy of CT in predicting mandibular involvement by oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSSC). |
One hundred and seven patients with OSSC who received a mandibulectomy were included. Before treatment all patients underwent a contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT. Axial 3 or 1.25 mm thick images were reconstructed for evaluation in overlapping technique and displayed in a bone (1400/400 HU) and a soft tissue window (350/50 HU). CT scans were examined by three investigators and compared with the histological findings. The radiological examination showed a high interrater reliability (Cronbachs alpha 0.982). Comparing the radiological findings with the histological results the CT showed 8 false-positive results and 8 false-negative patients. The quality criteria for detecting bone involvement of OSSC by CT were calculated as follows: sensitivity 82.6%; specificity 86.9%; positive predictive value 82.6%; negative predictive value 86.9%. However, in all false-positive patients a sagittal bone defect of 15.1mm could be found presumably caused by pressure of the tumor, but no histologically detectable bone infiltration. Modern CT (1-2 mm sections) is a valuable tool for surgical treatment planning. If bone invasion is detected, a mandibulectomy seems always reasonable. In radiologically negative cases histological assessment is necessary to detect mandibular involvement. |
2 |
| 28. Naz N, Sattar J, Ashrafi SK. Diagnostic Accuracy of Computed Tomography in Detecting Bone Invasion due to Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 28(11):829-833, 2018 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
116 patients |
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of head and neck in detecting adjacent bone invasion due to squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa using histopathology as gold standard. |
Eighty-three male (71%) and 33 female (28%) patients. Mean age was 46.66±10.77 years. Mean duration of sign and symptoms was 3.47 ±1.54 months. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 69.2%, 78.4%, and 80.4%, 66.7% and 73.3%, respectively. |
2 |
| 29. Slieker FJB, Dankbaar JW, de Bree R, Van Cann EM. Detecting Bone Invasion of the Maxilla by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative Computed Tomography Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 78(9):1645-1652, 2020 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
72 patients |
To compare the diagnostic test accuracy of CT and MRI for detecting bone invasion of the maxilla in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla (MSCC). |
The study included 72 patients (29 male and 43 female patients) with a mean age of 72 years. A total of 41 CT scans and 31 MRI scans were available. Histopathologic examination showed bone invasion in 45 cases: 26 of 41 patients with CT scans (63%) and 19 of 31 patients with MRI scans (61%). CT yielded 2 false-positive and 2 false-negative results, with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 87%, and AUC of 0.895. MRI yielded 5 false-positive and 2 false-negative results, with a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 58%, and AUC of 0.739. No significant differences were observed for sensitivity (P > .999) and specificity (P = .185). |
2 |
| 30. Adolphs AP, Boersma NA, Diemel BD, et al. A systematic review of computed tomography detection of cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma. [Review]. Laryngoscope. 125(7):1650-5, 2015 Jul. |
Review/Other-Dx |
4 studies |
To assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) in detecting cartilage invasion among patients with laryngeal carcinoma. |
Four studies were included in the final analysis. Only one study examined the positive predictive value and negative predictive value for invasion of any laryngeal cartilage, and they were 87% and 56%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value for thyroid cartilage invasion were investigated in three studies and ranged from 44% to 80% and from 85% to 100%, respectively. The negative predictive value is likely underestimated due to selection bias, whereas the positive predictive value is likely overestimated. |
4 |
| 31. Farrow ES, Boulanger T, Wojcik T, Lemaire AS, Raoul G, Julieron M. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the assessment of mandibular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Influence on surgical management and post-operative course. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac Chir Orale. 117(5):311-321, 2016 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
35 patients |
To compare the accuracy of MRI and CT in detecting mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, with histologic results as the reference standard, and to assess the influence on surgical management and post-operative course. |
Histological mandibular invasion occurred in 9 of 35 patients (25.7%). None of the preoperative imaging tests failed to detect bone invasion which resulted in a sensitivity of 100% for both MRI and CT. CT had slightly higher specificity than MRI (61.9% and 57.1% respectively) in predicting bone invasion, but no statistically significant difference was found (P=0.32). Specificity of CT and MRI was higher in the edentulous group (75% and 625% respectively) than in the dentate group (53.8% both), although no statistically significant difference was found. The length of hospital stay was increased in the segmental resection group (25±14.5 days) compared to the marginal resection group (13±4.6 days; P=0.004) and to the hemimandibulectomy group (15±7.2 days; P=0.014). Occurrence of post-operative complications, across all categories, was increased in the segmental resection group (70%, n=7/10; P=0.006) compared to the marginal resection group (8.3%, n=1/12) and to the hemimandibulectomy group (23.1%, n=3/13; P=0.04). |
2 |
| 32. Suzuki N, Kuribayashi A, Sakamoto K, et al. Diagnostic abilities of 3T MRI for assessing mandibular invasion of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity: comparison with 64-row multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 48(4):20180311, 2019 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
41 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of 3T MRI in evaluating mandibular invasion of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity and to compare those with that of multidetector CT (MDCT). |
Histopathologically, 32 of 41 cases had mandibular invasion and 10 cases had mandibular canal involvement. For mandibular invasion, all three imaging techniques showed sensitivities of 100%. However, the specificities of 2D FSE (56%) and 3D VIBE (78%) were lower than that of MDCT (89%), although the differences were not significant. For mandibular canal involvement, whereas the sensitivities of all three imaging techniques were 100%, the specificities of 2D FSE, 3D VIBE and MDCT were 54, 62 and 85%, respectively. The specificity of 2D FSE was significantlylower than that of MDCT (P < 0.017). |
4 |
| 33. Cho SJ, Lee JH, Suh CH, et al. Comparison of diagnostic performance between CT and MRI for detection of cartilage invasion for primary tumor staging in patients with laryngo-hypopharyngeal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 30(7):3803-3812, 2020 Jul. |
Meta-analysis |
776 patients |
To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced CT with that of MRI in the detection of cartilage invasion in patients with laryngo-hypopharyngeal cancer. |
Fourteen articles including 776 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis: eight for CT, and six for MRI. CT and MRI showed pooled sensitivities of 66% (95% CI, 49-80%) and 88% (95% CI, 79-93%), and pooled specificities of 90% (95% CI, 82-94%) and 81% (95% CI, 76-84%), respectively. MRI showed significantly higher sensitivity than CT (p = 0.02). The specificities showed no statistically significant difference between CT and MRI (p = 0.39). The CT studies showed heterogeneity and a threshold effect, while MRI showed neither heterogeneity nor threshold effect. In the meta-regression analysis for CT, the type of cartilage analyzed (thyroid only vs. thyroid/cricoid/arytenoid, p < 0.001) was a significant factor influencing the heterogeneity in the diagnostic performance of the CT studies. |
Good |
| 34. Wu JH, Zhao J, Li ZH, et al. Comparison of CT and MRI in Diagnosis of Laryngeal Carcinoma with Anterior Vocal Commissure Involvement. Sci. rep.. 6:30353, 2016 08 02. |
Observational-Dx |
26 patients |
To compare the accuracy of CT and MRI in determining the invasion of thyroid cartilage by and the T staging of laryngeal carcinoma with anterior vocal commissure (AVC) involvement. |
All the surgical specimens underwent serial section and were reviewed by two senior pathologists independently. When compared with pathologic staging, the accuracy was 88.46% (23/26) of MRI scan (with a 95% confidence interval 37~77%) and 57.69% (15/26) of CT scan (with a 95% confidence interval 70~98%), respectively (P < 0.01). We also reported three cases who were misdiagnosed on CT or MRI about either the thyroid cartilage was involved or not, and one case of preliminary study of DWI. Compared to CT, MRI exhibited a higher accuracy rate on T staging of laryngeal carcinomas with AVC involvement. Combined utility of CT and MRI could help improve the accuracy of assessment of thyroid cartilage involvement and T staging of laryngeal carcinomas with AVC involvement. |
2 |
| 35. Bae MR, Roh JL, Kim JS, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT versus CT/MR imaging for detection of neck lymph node metastasis in palpably node-negative oral cavity cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 146(1):237-244, 2020 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
178 patients |
To examine the clinical usefulness of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for the detection of occult neck LN metastasis in OCC patients in comparison with conventional CT/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
Forty-two patients (23.6%) had metastasis in 44 sides and 58 levels of the neck. The sensitivity for detection of occult metastasis was higher for 18F-FDG PET/CT than that for CT/MR imaging on a per-patient (69.1% vs 35.7%), per-side (70.5% vs 36.4%), and per-level (62.1% vs 29.3%) basis (all P = 0.001). However, the specificity for metastatic detection was higher for CT/MR imaging than that for 18F-FDG PET/CT (all P < 0.005). 18F-FDG PET/CT improved detection of occult metastasis up to 33.4% in these patients compared to CT/MR imaging. |
2 |
| 36. Cho JK, Ow TJ, Lee AY, et al. Preoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT vs Contrast-Enhanced CT to Identify Regional Nodal Metastasis among Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 157(3):439-447, 2017 09. |
Observational-Dx |
73 Patients |
To compare the accuracy of preoperative positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in detecting cervical nodal metastases in patients treated with neck dissection and to scrutinize the ability of each modality to determine nodal stage |
Seventy-three patients were included in the study. Sensitivity was 0.69 and 0.94 (level and side) for PET/CT vs 0.53 and 0.66 for CECT ( P = .056, P = .001). Specificity was 0.86 and 0.56 for PET/CT vs 0.91 and 0.76 for CECT ( P = .014, P = .024). No significant difference was found in overall accuracy ( P = .33, P = .88). The overall agreement percentages between N stage called by imaging modality and pathology were 52% and 55% for PET/CT and CECT, respectively. Conclusion No significant difference in sensitivity was found between PET/CT and CECT. CECT was found to have superior specificity compared with PET/CT. The information gleaned from each modality in the pretreatment evaluation of HNSCC appears to be complementary. |
1 |
| 37. Kim SJ, Pak K, Kim K. Diagnostic accuracy of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for detection of lymph node metastasis in clinically node negative head and neck cancer patients; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol. 40(2):297-305, 2019 Mar - Apr. |
Meta-analysis |
18 studies (1044 patients) |
To investigate the diagnostic performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis in clinically node negative head and neck squamous cell cancer (cN0 HNSCC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
Across 18 studies (1044 patients), the pooled sensitivity for F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for the detection of LN metastasis was 0.58 and a pooled specificity of 0.87 for patient based analysis. Neck side based analysis showed the pooled sensitivity of 0.67 and a pooled specificity of 0.85. Level based study demonstrated the pooled sensitivity of 0.53 and a pooled specificity of 0.97 (95% CI; 0.95-0.98). In meta-regression analysis, no definite variable was the source of the study heterogeneity. |
Good |
| 38. Lee HJ, Kim J, Woo HY, Kang WJ, Lee JH, Koh YW. 18F-FDG PET-CT as a supplement to CT/MRI for detection of nodal metastasis in hypopharyngeal SCC with palpably negative neck. Laryngoscope. 125(7):1607-12, 2015 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
39 patients |
To determine the diagnostic value of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) compared with CT or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of nodal metastasis in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with palpably negative neck and to assess the role of PET-CT as a supplement to CT/MR. |
Twenty (51.3%) of the 39 patients were found to have neck metastases. On a level-based analysis, the sensitivity of PET-CT, CT/MR, and combined interpretation of PET-CT and CT/MR was 65.7%, 57.1%, and 65.7%, respectively, but without statistical significance. Of the six patients who showed false negative neck findings based on CT/MR in addition to palpation, four cases were still missed with additional PET-CT. |
2 |
| 39. Sohn B, Koh YW, Kang WJ, Lee JH, Shin NY, Kim J. Is there an additive value of 18 F-FDG PET-CT to CT/MRI for detecting nodal metastasis in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with palpably negative neck?. Acta Radiol. 57(11):1352-1359, 2016 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
49 patients |
To investigate the clinical utility of PET-CT compared with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting nodal metastasis in oropharyngeal SCC patients with palpably negative neck and to investigate whether pretreatment imaging modalities support the rationale for elective neck treatment. |
Twenty-five (51.0%) of our 49 patients had neck metastases. On a level-by-level analysis, the sensitivity of PET-CT, CT/MRI, and a combination of PET-CT and CT/MRI was 54.6%, 54.6%, and 60.6%, respectively, at all neck levels. The area under the ROC showed that the diagnostic performance of the combined interpretation was not significantly different from that of CT/MRI alone (0.780 vs. 0.750, respectively; P = 0.158) and PET-CT alone (0.780 vs. 0.765, respectively; P = 0.501). Conclusion Addition of PET-CT to CT/MRI did not provide better diagnostic accuracy for detecting nodal metastasis in preoperative evaluation of oropharyngeal SCC patients with palpably negative neck, suggesting that current imaging studies might not replace elective neck dissection. |
2 |
| 40. Erdogan N, Bulbul E, Songu M, et al. Puffed-cheek computed tomography: a dynamic maneuver for imaging oral cavity tumors. Ear Nose Throat J. 91(9):383-4, 386, 2012 Sep. |
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4 |
| 41. Cannavale A, Corona M, Nardis P, et al. Computed Tomography Angiography findings can predict massive bleeding in head and neck tumours. Eur J Radiol. 125:108910, 2020 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
24 patients |
To assess CT angiography findings of head and neck tumours in predicting carotid blow out syndrome (CBS). |
A total of 24 patients who underwent routine CT angiogram neck and embolization for CBS were included in this study. Univariate logistic regression showed as 360 ° involvement of target vessel may significantly increase the risk of bleeding (OR 11.6, CI: 1.4-91.5; p = 0.01), along with T stage (OR 14.0, p = 0.03). Tumour necrosis and calibre vessel reduction were quite influential, but not significantly (i.e. tumour necrosis OR 5.0 95 % CI: 0.8-31.0, p = 0.08). Contingency table analysis found 360 ° vessel involvement with the highest sensitivity and PPV in predicting bleeding (87.5 % and 82.35 %, respectively). |
4 |
| 42. Ryan JL, Aaron VD, Sims JB. PET/MRI vs PET/CT in Head and Neck Imaging: When, Why, and How?. [Review]. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 40(5):376-390, 2019 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the established role of PET/CT, early evidence for the role of PET/MRI, and protocol considerations for both PET/CT and PET/MRI as they apply to head and neck imaging. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 43. Ghanooni R, Delpierre I, Magremanne M, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in the follow-up of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 6(4):260-6, 2011 Jul-Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
32 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and MRI for the assessment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relapse. |
The study was prospectively performed on 32 patients who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT and MRI before treatment and at 4 and 12 months after treatment. (18)F-FDG PET/CT was also performed 2 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Histopathology or a minimum of 18 months follow-up were used as gold standard. Before treatment (18)F-FDG PET/CT and MRI detected all primary tumors except for two limited vocal fold lesions (sensitivity 94%). MRI was more sensitive than (18)F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of local extension sites (sensitivity 75 vs 58%), but at the cost of a higher rate of false positive results (positive predictive value 74 vs 86%). For relapse detection at 4 months, sensitivity was significantly higher for (18)F-FDG PET/CT (92%) than for MRI (70%), but the diagnostic performances were not significantly different at 12 months. For the detection of residual malignant tissue 2 weeks post-radiotherapy, sensitivity and specificity of (18)F-FDG PET/CT were respectively 86 and 85% (SUV cut-off value 5.8). (18)F-FDG PET/CT is effective in the differentiation between residual tumor and radiation-induced changes, as early as 2 weeks after treatment of a primary HNSCC. For follow-up, performance of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and MRI are similar except for a higher sensitivity of (18)F-FDG PET/CT at 4 months. |
2 |
| 44. Huang SH, Chien CY, Lin WC, et al. A comparative study of fused FDG PET/MRI, PET/CT, MRI, and CT imaging for assessing surrounding tissue invasion of advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(7):518-25, 2011 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
17 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic value of fused fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) compared with PET/computed tomography (CT), MRI, and CT in assessing surrounding tissue invasion of advanced buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC). |
All PET/MRI fusions were verified as well matched using specific anatomic criteria. For pathology results, 1 patient had inflammation only, 1 had spindle cell cancer, and 15 had squamous cell cancer. Of 64 regions of interest, 20 (31.3%) harbored tumor invasion. The likelihood ratio was highest in fused PET/MRI (42.56) compared with PET/CT (25.02), MRI (22.94), and CT (8.6; all P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of fused PET/MRI were also highest among the 4 modalities (90.0%/90.9%, 80.0%/84.1%, 80.0%/79.5%, and 55.0%/81.8%, respectively). The level of confidence was higher in fused PET/MRI or MRI than in PET/CT or CT (85.9%, 85.9%, 70.3%, 73.4%, respectively). The maximal lesion size was 3.0 to 6.0 cm in the pathology specimen. Regression analysis showed better agreement between fused PET/MRI and pathology results. |
2 |
| 45. Kim SY, Kim JS, Doo H, et al. Combined [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography for detecting contralateral neck metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 47(5):376-80, 2011 May. |
Observational-Dx |
114 patients |
To evaluated the clinical utility of combined [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), as well as CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying nodal metastases in the contralateral neck in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
A total of 114 patients were preoperatively evaluated with PET/CT and CT/MRI. Histopathologic analysis from bilateral neck dissection tissues was used as the gold standard in assessing these imaging techniques. Of the 114 patients, 63 (55%) had neck metastases and 26 (23%) had contralateral neck metastases. On a per-level basis, FDG PET/CT was significantly more sensitive and accurate than CT/MRI in the ipsilateral (88% vs. 70%, P<0.01 and 93% vs. 89%, P<0.01, respectively) and contralateral (52% vs. 36%, P<0.01 and 91% vs. 90%, P=0.039, respectively) neck. PET/CT and CT/MRI were less sensitive in detecting contralateral than ipsilateral neck metastases due to the lower incidence of metastases and smaller nodes on the contralateral side. Combined PET/CT is superior to CT/MRI in detecting metastatic neck nodes in HNSCC patients. However, PET/CT may not abrogate the need for contralateral neck surgery or radiotherapy in these patients. |
2 |
| 46. Yongkui L, Jian L, Wanghan, Jingui L. 18FDG-PET/CT for the detection of regional nodal metastasis in patients with primary head and neck cancer before treatment: a meta-analysis. [Review]. Surg Oncol. 22(2):e11-6, 2013 Jun. |
Meta-analysis |
14 articles (742 patients) |
To evaluate the role of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)FDG-PET/CT) in the detection of regional nodal metastasis in patients with primary head and neck cancer before treatment. |
14 articles (742 patients) fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, and specificity with 95% confidence interval for PET/CT on a per-neck-side analysis were 0.84 (0.77-0.89) and 0.84 (0.78-0.89). The corresponding values for PET/CT on a per-nodal-level analysis 0.84 (0.78-0.88) and 0.96 (0.94-0.98). |
Good |
| 47. Chaukar D, Dandekar M, Kane S, et al. Relative value of ultrasound, computed tomography and positron emission tomography imaging in the clinically node-negative neck in oral cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 12(2):e332-8, 2016 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
70 patients |
To determine the most accurate noninvasive imaging modality for occult metastasis in clinically node-negative necks in oral squamous cell carcinoma from a granulomatous disease endemic region |
The quest for the most accurate imaging modality in clinically node-negative necks continues. US alone is inadequate. While PET-CT may not be a specific imaging modality in detecting occult cervical nodal metastasis in endemic regions of chronic granulomatous diseases, the performance of PET CECT in this setting remains to be evaluated. CECT scan, routinely used in imaging for primary disease, is fairly accurate in detecting nodal metastasis. However, in early oral cancers that are generally treated without any imaging for the primary tumor, management of the neck will largely depend on clinical judgment. |
2 |
| 48. Qualliotine JR, Mydlarz WK, Chan JY, Zhou X, Wang H, Agrawal N. Comparing staging by positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and by pathology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol. 129(12):1213-9, 2015 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
85 patients |
To evaluate the ability of positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography to correctly stage head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, in comparison with pathological staging. |
This imaging modality was 87.5 per cent sensitive and 44.8 per cent specific in identifying regional cervical metastases, and had false positive and false negative rates of 18.8 per cent and 8.2 per cent, respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 75.4 per cent and 65.0 per cent, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant agreement between positron emission tomography computed tomography and pathological node classification in older patients and for the oral cavity primary tumour site. There was significant agreement between both methods in the overall classification only for tumours classified as T3 or greater. |
2 |
| 49. Lowe VJ, Duan F, Subramaniam RM, et al. Multicenter Trial of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Staging of Head and Neck Cancer and Negative Predictive Value and Surgical Impact in the N0 Neck: Results From ACRIN 6685. J Clin Oncol. 37(20):1704-1712, 2019 07 10. |
Observational-Dx |
287 patients |
To determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for the clinically N0 neck on the basis of neck dissection. |
PET/CT scans and pathology findings were available for 270 N0 neck sides from 212 participants. For visual assessment, the NPV specific to the clinical-N0 sides was 0.868 (95% CI, 0.803 to 0.925). For dichotomized maximum standardized uptake value, the NPVs specific to the nodal basins were 0.940 (95% CI, 0.928 to 0.952) and 0.937 (95% CI, 0.925 to 0.949) at prespecified cutoffs of 2.5 and 3.5, respectively. The optimal cutoff maximum standardized uptake value was determined to be 1.8, with an NPV of 0.942 (95% CI, 0.930 to 0.953). The PET/CT-informed surgical treatment plan was changed in 51 of 237 participants (22%) compared with the PET/CT-blinded surgical plan. In 34 participants (14%), this led to planned dissection of additional nodal levels. In 12 participants (5%), this led to fewer planned dissected nodal levels. Negative PET/CT scans in N0 necks was true negative in 87% and false negative in 13%. |
2 |
| 50. Chaput A, Robin P, Podeur F, et al. Diagnostic performance of 18 fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting T1-T2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 128(2):378-385, 2018 02. |
Observational-Dx |
35 patients |
To assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18 fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect T1-T2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) |
Among the 35 primary tumors, 29 were detected by FDG-PET/CT and 22 by MRI. MRI detected none of the six lesions incorrectly identified by FDG-PET/CT. FDG-PET/CT correctly identified seven of the 13 MRI false-negative results. Sensitivity of FDG-PET/CT to detect T1-T2 HNSCC was significantly higher than MRI (83% vs. 63%, P = .015). T stage was significantly correlated with MTV (P = .002) unlike with SUVMAX (P = .06) and %GE (P = .70). TNRPET was significantly higher than TNRMRI (3.5 ± 3.2 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3, P < .0001). |
2 |
| 51. Lang Kuhs KA, Wood CB, Wiggleton J, et al. Transcervical sonography and human papillomavirus 16 E6 antibodies are sensitive for the detection of oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer. 126(11):2658-2665, 2020 06 01. |
Observational-Dx |
51 patients |
To determine the sensitivity of transcervical sonography (TCS) for detecting clinically apparent HPV-OPC in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. |
Twenty-four base of tongue cancers (47%), 22 tonsillar cancers (43%), and 2 unknown primary cancers (4%) were diagnosed; 3 patients (6%) had no tumors. All p16-tested patients were positive (n = 47). Primary-site tumors were correctly identified in 90.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.6%-96.7%) with TCS, in 69.4% (95% CI, 54.6%-81.7%) with CT, and in 83.3% (95% CI, 68.6%-93.0%) with PET/CT. TCS identified tumors in 10 of 14 cases missed by CT and recognized the absence of tumors in 3 cases for which CT or PET/CT was falsely positive. The smallest sonographically identified primary-site tumor was 0.5 cm in its greatest dimension; the average size was 2.3 cm. Among p16-positive patients, 76.1% (95% CI, 61.2%-87.4%) were seropositive for HPV-16 E6. |
2 |
| 52. Becker M, Zaidi H. Imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: the potential role of PET/MRI. [Review]. Br J Radiol. 87(1036):20130677, 2014 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To focuse on the clinical applications of PET/MRI in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) |
No results stated in th eabstract. |
4 |
| 53. Partovi S, Kohan A, Vercher-Conejero JL, et al. Qualitative and quantitative performance of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI versus 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with head and neck cancer. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(10):1970-5, 2014 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
14 patients |
To compare whole-body (18)F-FDG-PET/MR imaging and (18)F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with head and neck cancer, both qualitatively in terms of lymph node and distant metastases detection and quantitatively in terms of standardized uptake values measured in (18)F-FDG-avid lesions. |
? statistics for the number of head and neck lesion lesions counted (pooled across regions) revealed interreader agreement between groups 1 and 2 of 0.47 and 0.56, respectively. Intrareader agreement was 0.67 and 0.63. The consensus reading provided an intrareader agreement of 0.63. For the presence or absence of metastasis, interreader agreement was 0.85 and 0.70. The consensus reading provided an intrareader agreement of 0.72. The correlations between the maximum standardized uptake value in (18)F-FDG-PET/MR imaging and (18)F-FDG-PET/CT for primary tumors and lymph node and metastatic lesions were very high (Spearman r = 1.00, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively). |
2 |
| 54. Schaarschmidt BM, Heusch P, Buchbender C, et al. Locoregional tumour evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck area: a comparison between MRI, PET/CT and integrated PET/MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 43(1):92-102, 2016 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
12 patients |
To evaluate the accuracy of integrated (18)F-FDG PET/MR imaging for locoregional tumour evaluation compared to (18)F-FDG PET/CT and MR imaging in initial tumour and recurrence diagnosis in histopathologically confirmed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
In 12 patients undergoing (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/MR for initial tumour staging, T staging was accurate in 50 % with MRI, in 59 % with PET/CT and in 75 % with PET/MR while N staging was accurate in 75 % with MRI, in 77 % with PET/CT and in 71 % with PET/MR in relation to the reference standard. No significant differences were observed in T and N staging among the three modalities (p > 0.017). In 13 patients undergoing hybrid imaging for cancer recurrence diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy was 57 % with MRI and in 72 % with (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/MR, respectively. Again, no significant differences were found among the three modalities (p > 0.017). |
2 |
| 55. Schlittenbauer T, Zeilinger M, Nkenke E, et al. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography versus positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 43(10):2129-35, 2015 Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
10 patients |
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of PET/MRI in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer with other imaging modalities (MRI, CT, PET/CT). Ten patients (nine male and one female) with histologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma participated in an 18 F-FDG-PET/CT scan and an additional 18 F-FDG PET/MRI scan prior to surgery. |
There was no significant correlation between tumor differentiation and maximum standard uptake values. Functional imaging showed a slightly better correlation with the measurement of the maximal tumor diameter, whereas pure morphological imaging showed a better correlation with the measurement of infiltration depth. Only with PET/MRI could correct lymph node staging be reached; the other imaging tools showed false-negative or false-positive results. In conclusion, we showed in our limited patient cohort that PET/MRI is superior to the morphological imaging modalities, especially for lymph node staging. |
4 |
| 56. Sekine T, de Galiza Barbosa F, Kuhn FP, et al. PET+MR versus PET/CT in the initial staging of head and neck cancer, using a trimodality PET/CT+MR system. Clin Imaging. 42:232-239, 2017 Mar - Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
27 patients |
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of PET+MR with PET/CT in the initial staging of head and neck cancer. |
The TNM staging by PET+MR was comparable to PET/CT (T: p=0.331, N: p=0.453, M: p=0.034). The sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of treatment-influencing factors by PET/CT and PET+MR were 0.68/0.99/0.97, and 1.00/1.00/0.99, respectively. |
2 |
| 57. Chen J, Hagiwara M, Givi B, et al. Assessment of metastatic lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using simultaneous 18F-FDG-PET and MRI. Sci. rep.. 10(1):20764, 2020 11 27. |
Observational-Dx |
20 patients |
To investigate the feasibility of using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases |
Twenty HNSCC patients scheduled for lymph node dissection underwent DCE-MRI, dynamic PET, and DWI using a PET-MR scanner within one week prior to their planned surgery. During surgery, resected nodes were labeled to identify their nodal levels and sent for routine clinical pathology evaluation. Quantitative parameters of metastatic and normal nodes were calculated from DCE-MRI (ve, vp, PS, Fp, Ktrans), DWI (ADC) and PET (Ki, K1, k2, k3) to assess if an individual or a combination of parameters can classify normal and metastatic lymph nodes accurately. There were 38 normal and 11 metastatic nodes covered by all three imaging methods and confirmed by pathology. 34% of all normal nodes had volumes greater than or equal to the smallest metastatic node while 4 normal nodes had SUV > 4.5. Among the MRI parameters, the median vp, Fp, PS, and Ktrans values of the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly lower (p = <0.05) than those of normal nodes. ve and ADC did not show any statistical significance. For the dynamic PET parameters, the metastatic nodes had significantly higher k3 (p value = 8.8 × 10-8) and Ki (p value = 5.3 × 10-8) than normal nodes. K1 and k2 did not show any statistically significant difference. Ki had the best separation with accuracy = 0.96 (sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.95) using a cutoff of Ki = 5.3 × 10-3 mL/cm3/min, while k3 and volume had accuracy of 0.94 (sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.97) and 0.90 (sensitivity = 0.64, specificity = 0.97) respectively. 100% accuracy can be achieved using a multivariate logistic regression model of MRI parameters after thresholding the data with Ki < 5.3 × 10-3 mL/cm3/min. The results of this preliminary study suggest that quantitative MRI may provide additional value in distinguishing metastatic nodes, particularly among small nodes, when used together with FDG-PET. |
2 |
| 58. Sekine T, Barbosa FG, Sah BR, et al. PET/MR Outperforms PET/CT in Suspected Occult Tumors. Clin Nucl Med. 42(2):e88-e95, 2017 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
43 patients |
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of PET/MR and PET/CT in patients with suspected occult primary tumors. |
According to the standard of reference, a primary lesion was found in 14 patients. In 16 patients, the primary lesion remained occult. In the remaining 13 patients, lesions proved to be benign. PET/MR was superior to PET/CT for primary tumor detection (sensitivity/specificity, 0.85/0.97 vs 0.69/0.73; P = 0.020) and comparable to PET/CT for the detection of lymph node metastases (sensitivity/specificity, 0.93/1.00 vs 0.93/0.93; P = 0.157) and distant metastases (sensitivity/specificity, 1.00/0.97 vs 0.82/1.00; P = 0.564). PET/CT tended to misclassify physiologic FDG uptake as malignancy compared with PET/MR (8 patients vs 1 patient). |
2 |
| 59. Park SI, Guenette JP, Suh CH, et al. The diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for detecting extranodal extension in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 31(4):2048-2061, 2021 Apr. |
Meta-analysis |
22 studies |
To review the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for detecting extranodal extension (ENE) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. |
Twenty-two studies including 2478 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for detecting ENE were 73% (95% CI, 62-82%) and 83% (95% CI, 75-89%), respectively, for CT, and 60% (95% CI, 49-70%) and 96% (95% CI, 85-99%), respectively, for MRI. There was substantial heterogeneity for both CT and MRI. A threshold effect was present for MRI. On subgroup analysis, the pooled specificity of CT was significantly lower in patients with HPV+ OPSCC than in patients with HPV- oral cavity cancer or all HNSCC (74% vs. 87%; p = 0.01). Central node necrosis showed significantly higher pooled sensitivity (81% vs. 51%; p = 0.02), while infiltration of adjacent planes showed significantly higher pooled specificity (94% vs. 65%; p = 0.03). The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60-0.81). |
Good |
| 60. Allegra E, Ferrise P, Trapasso S, et al. Early glottic cancer: role of MRI in the preoperative staging. Biomed Res Int. 2014:890385, 2014. |
Observational-Dx |
26 patients |
To evaluate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more accurate than computed tomography (CT) about tumoral extension, to exactly choose the most appropriate surgical approach, from organ preservation surgery to demolitive surgery |
CT accuracy was 70% with low sensitivity but with high specific value. MRI showed a diagnostic accuracy in 80% of cases, with a sensitivity of 100% and high specificity. Statistical analysis showed that MRI has higher correlation than CT with the pathology report. |
2 |
| 61. Hagiwara M, Nusbaum A, Schmidt BL. MR assessment of oral cavity carcinomas. [Review]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 20(3):473-94, 2012 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the MR assessment of oral cavity carcinomas. |
MR imaging is particularly advantageous in the evaluation of the oral cavity, with better depiction of the anatomy in this region and reduction of dental artifacts compared with CT. MR is also the preferred imaging modality for the evaluation of bone marrow invasion and perineural tumor spread, which are findings critical for treatment planning. Advanced MR imaging techniques may potentially better delineate true tumor extent, determine lymph node metastases, and predict treatment response. |
4 |
| 62. Stoeckli SJ, Haerle SK, Strobel K, Haile SR, Hany TF, Schuknecht B. Initial staging of the neck in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison of CT, PET/CT, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Head Neck. 34(4):469-76, 2012 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
76 patients |
To compare imaging modalities for staging the neck in a prospective cohort of patients evaluated by CT, ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT with the histologic evaluation of the neck dissection as the standard of reference. |
Ultrasound-guided FNAC showed the highest level of agreement with histology for exact N classification. Ultrasound-guided FNAC showed the smallest percentage of overstaged patients, 7%, versus 16% with PET/CT, 13% with CT, and 13% with ultrasound. The rate of understaged patients was comparable between the imaging modalities. With regard to the endpoint N0 versus N+ there were no statistically significant differences to be found. |
4 |
| 63. Hwang HS, Perez DA, Orloff LA. Comparison of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging and ultrasound in staging and surveillance of head and neck and thyroid cancer. Laryngoscope. 119(10):1958-65, 2009 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
42 patients |
To discuss the review of patients with malignant neoplasms in the head and neck region who were evaluated by both PET/CT and US. |
From October 2004 to December 2007, 42 patients with an ultimately confirmed tissue diagnosis of a head and neck malignancy underwent both neck US and PET/CT. The sensitivity and specificity of US in predicting malignancy in the head and neck was 96.8% and 93.3%, respectively, in those 42 individuals. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 96% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 93%. In comparison, PET/CT in this group demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.3%, specificity 20%, PPV 70%, and NPV 50%. |
2 |
| 64. Ashraf M, Biswas J, Jha J, et al. Clinical utility and prospective comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography imaging in staging of neck metastases in head and neck squamous cell cancer in an Indian setup. Int J Clin Oncol. 16(6):686-93, 2011 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
584 |
To compare the evaluation of lymph node metastases by ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck region. |
Five hundred and eighty-four patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck were prospectively evaluated for the presence of cervical lymph node metastases. All patients underwent clinical examination (palpation), USG and CT imaging. Neck dissection was performed in all the patients, and the results of the preoperative evaluation were correlated with the surgical and histopathological findings. Metastases in neck nodes were identified in 148 patients by histopathological examination. Doppler USG correctly identified 136 node-positive patients (n = 148; sensitivity 91.8%, specificity 97%). CT imaging correctly identified 122 patients with metastatic lymph nodes (n = 148; sensitivity 83%, specificity 93%). Positive predictive values of USG and CT imaging were 95.6% and 91.3%, respectively, whereas the negative predictive values of these two imaging studies were 95.4% and 89.6%, respectively. |
2 |
| 65. Pellini R, Manciocco V, Turri-Zanoni M, et al. Planned neck dissection after chemoradiotherapy in advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer: the role of US, MRI and FDG-PET/TC scans to assess residual neck disease. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 42(8):1834-9, 2014 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To investigate the ability of neck ultrasounds (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (FDG-PET/TC) in detecting residual nodal disease after chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). |
Metastatic disease was assessed in 18/37 (48.6%) hemi-necks, always localized in levels II-IV. US showed greater sensitivity (77.8%) and, combined with FDG-PET/TC, produced the highest negative predictive value (93.3%). US, MRI and FDG-PET/TC scans showed the highest specificity (100%), accuracy (93.8%) and positive predictive values (100%). |
2 |
| 66. Faraji F, Coquia SF, Wenderoth MB, et al. Evaluating oropharyngeal carcinoma with transcervical ultrasound, CT, and MRI. Oral Oncol. 78:177-185, 2018 03. |
Observational-Dx |
43 patients |
To compare transcervical ultrasonography (US) to standard cross-sectional imaging for the visualization of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). |
Forty-three patients were included. The overall blinded detection rates for CT and MRI were 83% and 71%, respectively. The unblinded detection rate for US was 98%. Agreement of tumor anatomic subsite was moderate for both CT vs MRI (? = 0.59) and US vs SI (? = 0.47). Comparison of tumor size by CT and MRI showed statistically significant correlations in craniocaudal (CC), anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) dimensions (RhoCC = 0.51, pCC = 0.038; RhoAP = 0.81, pAP < 0.0001; RhoML = 0.57, pML = 0.012). Tumor size estimates by US and SI showed statistically significant correlations in CC and AP, but not ML (RhoCC = 0.60, pCC = 0.003; RhoAP = 0.71, pAP < 0.0001; RhoML = 0.30, pML = 0.08). Tumor volume estimates improved correlations between US and SI (Rho = 0.66, p < 0.0001). Stratification of US patients into early and late imaging studies demonstrated an increase in correlation strength from early (Rho = 0.32, p = 0.32) to late groups (Rho = 0.77, p < 0.0001) demonstrating that ultrasound accuracy improved with experience. |
2 |
| 67. Klein Nulent TJW, Noorlag R, Van Cann EM, et al. Intraoral ultrasonography to measure tumor thickness of oral cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 77:29-36, 2018 02. |
Review/Other-Dx |
240 patients |
To analyze the accuracy of intraoral US in determining tumor thickness in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted, and the quality of the included papers was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic accuracy studies. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed on the available individual participant data of 240 patients |
A systematic search was conducted, and the quality of the included papers was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic accuracy studies. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was performed on the available individual participant data of 240 patients. Most of the twelve included studies focused on T1-2 tongue cancer (n = 129). Meta-analysis showed a high correlation in tumor thickness within this subgroup as measured by intraoral US and histopathology (r = 0.82, p < .001), with minor overestimation of 0.5 mm on US. It is concluded that intraoral US is very accurate in determining tumor thickness in early oral tongue cancer. |
4 |
| 68. Rocchetti F, Tenore G, Montori A, et al. Preoperative evaluation of tumor depth of invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma with intraoral ultrasonography: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 131(1):130-138, 2021 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
32 patients |
To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative intraoral ultrasonography (US) in the assessment of tumor depth of invasion (DOI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). |
US sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV in the assessment of the infiltration of the tumor beyond the lamina propria into the submucosa were 93.1%, 100%, 100%, and 60%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.96. A significant correlation was found between the measurements of US DOI and histological DOI (r = 0.907). A moderate correlation was found between US DOI and US diameter (r = 0.591). |
2 |
| 69. Smiley N, Anzai Y, Foster S, Dillon J. Is Ultrasound a Useful Adjunct in the Management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 77(1):204-217, 2019 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
10 patients |
To estimate TT in a sample of patients with OSCC using ultrasound sonography (USS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical assessment and compare these estimates with TT of the final surgical specimen. |
The sample included 10 patients (mean age, 62.7 ± 13.6 yr; 70% men). Two of the 10 tumors (20%) were not adequately visualized with USS. Three of the 10 tumors (30%) were not seen with MRI because of dental artifact. These 3 patients' tumors were visualized by USS. One of the 10 tumors (10%) could not be palpated clinically. Three of the 10 patients (30%) did not go to surgery and were treated with chemoradiation because of the high tumor stage or the patient's health status. USS, MRI, and clinical TT measurements were underestimates compared with the specimen TT measurement (-0.6, -0.5, and -0.3 cm, respectively; P = .9). |
2 |
| 70. Dhoot NM, Singh S, Choudhury B, et al. Evaluation of hypopharyngeal carcinoma using high-resolution ultrasound: comparison with CT. J Clin Ultrasound. 42(3):143-9, 2014 Mar-Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients |
To evaluate the role of sonography (US) in assessing hypopharyngeal carcinoma when compared with CT. |
Our cohort was composed of 38 men and 2 women ranging in age from 36 to 59 years. In a subset of 14 operative patients, US had a sensitivity of 71.4% (10/14), while CT achieved a sensitivity of 92.8% (13/14), and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). US and CT findings concurred in 67.5% (27/40) of cases. |
1 |
| 71. Hu Q, Zhu SY, Zhang Z, Luo F, Mao YP, Guan XH. Assessment of glottic squamous cell carcinoma: comparison of sonography and non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med. 30(11):1467-74, 2011 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
30 patients |
The purpose of this study was to compare the use of sonography and non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection and staging of glottic carcinoma. |
Sonography showed a trend toward higher detectability than MRI in early (stage T1 and T2) glottic carcinoma (94.1% [16 of 17 patients] for sonography versus 76.5% [13 of 17 patients] for MRI; P = .335). With regard to T staging, the overall accuracy rates were 80.0% (24 of 30) for sonography and 76.7% (23 of 30) for MRI; the difference was not statistically significant (P > .99). Non-contrast-enhanced MRI was superior to sonography in showing tumor involvement in the retrolaryngeal extent of glottic carcinoma. |
2 |
| 72. Hu Q, Luo F, Zhu SY, Zhang Z, Mao YP, Hui Guan X. Staging of laryngeal carcinoma: comparison of high-frequency sonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Clin Radiol. 67(2):140-7, 2012 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To evaluate the accuracy of high-frequency sonography on pretherapeutic T-staging in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. |
There was one T2 stage tumour of an aryepiglottic fold undetected by sonography. Sonography failed to stage five tumours correctly; the T-staging accuracy was 83.3%. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography failed to stage four patients correctly; the T-staging accuracy was 88.8%. There was no difference between the pretherapeutic staging accuracy of ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (p=0.735). |
2 |
| 73. Rzepakowska A, Osuch-Wojcikiewicz E, Bruzgielewicz A, Niemczyk K. How useful is ultrasound in the assessment of local advancement of laryngeal cancer?. Otolaryngol Pol. 69(2):21-6, 2015. |
Observational-Dx |
25 patients |
To examine the possibility of assessing the advancement of laryngeal cancer by ultrasound (USG) in patients qualified for laryngectomy. |
The evaluation of tumor location with ultrasound was appropriate in all patients in the presented study. The accuracy of staging tumor advancement was 81% for USG (18/22). The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in detecting infiltration of paraglottic space was 91.7% and 83.3%, respectively, and in detecting subglottic infiltration - 100% and 95.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the assessment of preepiglotic space infiltration and invasion of the laryngeal cartilage was 75% and specificity - 100% and 88.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the assessment of extralaryngeal infiltration was 50% and the specificity 100%. |
2 |
| 74. Xiao BB, Chen QY, Sun XS, et al. Low value of whole-body dual-modality [18f]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in primary staging of stage I-II nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a nest case-control study. Eur Radiol. 31(7):5222-5233, 2021 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
1003 patients |
To investigate the survival benefit of PET/CT for staging of early-stage NPC before radical therapy. |
Retropharyngeal lymph nodes were metastatic based on follow-up MRI in 79 cases. PET/CT was significantly less sensitive than MRI in detecting retropharyngeal lymph node lesions (72.2% [62.3-82.1] vs. 91.1% [84.8-97.4], p = 0.004). Neck lymph nodes were metastatic in 89 cases and PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI (96.6% [92.8-100.0] vs. 76.4% [67.6-85.2], p < 0.001). In the survival analyses, there was no association between pre-treatment PET/CT use and improved overall survival, progression-free survival, local relapse-free survival, regional relapse-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival. |
2 |
| 75. Mohandas A, Marcus C, Kang H, Truong MT, Subramaniam RM. FDG PET/CT in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [Review]. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(2):W146-57, 2014 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the FDG PET/CT in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 76. Juliano A, Moonis G. Computed Tomography Versus Magnetic Resonance in Head and Neck Cancer: When to Use What and Image Optimization Strategies. [Review]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 26(1):63-84, 2018 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide a practical overview of head and neck cancers, outlining an approach to evaluating these lesions and optimizing imaging strategies. Recognition of key anatomic landmarks as suggested by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) criteria is emphasized. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 77. Hu YC, Chang CH, Chen CH, et al. Impact of intracranial extension on survival in stage IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma: identification of a subset of patients with better prognosis. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 41(1):95-102, 2011 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
84 patients |
To evaluate the effect of extent of intracranial involvement on survival after conventional radiotherapy in patients with Stage T4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
Extensive intracranial involvement was found in 51.2% of the patients. Among these patients, the 5-year rate of overall survival after conventional radiotherapy was only 3.4%. In contrast, the 5-year survival among patients with limited intracranial involvement was 42.9%. This difference was significant (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, extensive intracranial involvement, advanced age and a nodal status of N3 correlated with poor overall survival (all P < 0.05). |
2 |
| 78. King AD, Ahuja AT, Leung SF, et al. Neck node metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MR imaging of patterns of disease. Head & Neck. 22(3):275-81, 2000 May. |
Observational-Dx |
150 patients patients |
To use MR imaging to document the patterns of nodal involvement in the upper neck in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). |
Retropharyngeal nodes (RN) were more frequently involved than nonretropharyngeal nodes (NRNs) (94% vs 76% in 115 patients with nodal metastases). NRN involvement without RN was seen in only 7 of 115 patients (6%). Involvement of RN at the level of the oropharynx (82%) was as common as at the nasopharynx (83%) level. Internal jugular nodes were the most frequently involved NRN nodes (72%). Spinal accessory nodal involvement was also common (57%) but seldom in isolation (8%). Submandibular (3%) and parotid (2%) nodal metastases were uncommon and were always associated with advanced nodal metastases in the ipsilateral RN, internal jugular, and spinal accessory regions. |
2 |
| 79. Al Tamimi AS, Zaheer S, Ng DC, Osmany S. The incidence and sites of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastases on FDG PET/CT scans. Oral Oncol. 51(11):1047-1050, 2015 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
26 patients |
To determine if a whole body FDG PET/CT scan is helpful in the evaluation of NPC is a study from Stanford. |
717 reports were included in final analysis. The number of FDG avid lesions in these reports was 709. Distant metastases represented 352 of the 709 lesions. The number of lesions below diaphragm was 152, of the lesions below diaphragm only 16 of lesions have no co-existing distant metastases above diaphragm. From these lesions, there were only 12 solitary lesions. The other 4 has concurrent metastases but all localized below diaphragm. |
4 |
| 80. Dumrongpisutikul N, Luangcharuthorn K. Imaging characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for predicting distant metastasis. Clin Radiol. 74(10):818.e9-818.e15, 2019 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients |
To evaluate the role of sonography (US) in assessing hypopharyngeal carcinoma when compared with CT. |
Our cohort was composed of 38 men and 2 women ranging in age from 36 to 59 years. In a subset of 14 operative patients, US had a sensitivity of 71.4% (10/14), while CT achieved a sensitivity of 92.8% (13/14), and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). US and CT findings concurred in 67.5% (27/40) of cases. |
2 |
| 81. King AD, Woo JKS, Ai QY, et al. Complementary roles of MRI and endoscopic examination in the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 30(6):977-982, 2019 06 01. |
Observational-Dx |
275 participants, |
To investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could detect endoscopically occult NPC. |
Endoscopic examination and MRI were performed on 275 participants, 34 had NPC, 2 had other cancers and 239 without cancer were followed-up for a median of 36 months (24-60 months). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 76.5%, 97.5% and 94.9%, respectively, for endoscopic examination and 91.2%, 97.5% and 96.7%, respectively, for MRI. NPC was detected only by endoscopic examination in 1/34 (2.9%) participants (a participant with stage I disease), and only by MRI in 6/34 (17.6%) participants (stage I = 4, II = 1, III = 1), two of whom had stage I disease and follow-up showing slow growth on MRI but no change on endoscopic examination for 36 months. |
2 |
| 82. Ng SH, Chan SC, Yen TC, et al. Staging of untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with PET/CT: comparison with conventional imaging work-up. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 36(1):12-22, 2009 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
111 patients |
To compare PET/CT and conventional imaging for initial staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). |
With regard to T staging, PET/CT showed a discrepancy with head-and-neck MRI in 36 (32.4%) of the study subjects. With regard to N staging, PET/CT showed a discrepancy with head-and-neck MRI in 15 (13.5%) patients. Among the discordant cases, MRI was superior in demonstrating tumor involvement in the parapharyngeal space, skull base, intracranial area, sphenoid sinus, and retropharyngeal nodes while PET/CT was superior in demonstrating neck nodal metastasis. PET/CT disclosed 13 of 16 patients with distant malignancy compared with four patients disclosed by conventional imaging work-up. The false-positive rate of PET/CT was 18.8%. PET/CT correctly modified M staging in eight patients (7.2%) and disclosed a second primary lung malignancy in one patient (0.9%). |
2 |
| 83. Shen G, Zhang W, Jia Z, Li J, Wang Q, Deng H. Meta-analysis of diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT for detecting lymph node and distant metastases in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [Review]. Br J Radiol. 87(1044):20140296, 2014 Dec. |
Meta-analysis |
18 articles consisting 20 studies |
To perform this meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT for detecting lymph node and distant metastases in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). |
In total, 18 articles consisting 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. On a per-patient basis, the overall pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity of PET or PET/CT in N and M staging of NPC were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-0.91] and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.96), respectively. The overall DOR, AUC and Q* index were 162.07 (95% CI, 90.72-289.55), 0.9689 and 0.9181, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that AUC and Q* index were 0.9734 and 0.9255 for N staging and 0.9715 and 0.9223 for M staging, respectively. |
Good |
| 84. Kao CH, Hsieh JF, Tsai SC, et al. Comparison of 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography in detection of cervical lymph node metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 109(12 Pt 1):1130-4, 2000 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients |
To discuss the evaluation of the Neck lymph nodes (LNs) from 18 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). |
Meanwhile, standard uptake values (SUVs) of the FDG-PET images were calculated to differentiate metastatic LNs from benign LNs. A total of 90 neck LNs found on either FDG-PET or CT were evaluated. In addition to 27 concordant positive results and 42 concordant negative LN results, biopsy findings revealed 11 metastatic LNs that were detected by FDG-PET but not by CT. However, the SUVs of the 11 metastatic LNs and 7 benign LNs were not significantly different. The CT scanning showed positive findings for I metastatic LN with negative FDG-PET findings. In addition, the tumor stage was upgraded in 5 patients on the basis of FDG-PET findings. In comparison with CT, FDG-PET has a higher potential for detecting neck LN metastases of NPC and assessing NPC tumor stage. |
2 |
| 85. Traylor KS, Koontz N, Mosier K. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: PET/CT and PET/MRI of the Pretreatment and Post-Treatment Neck. [Review]. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 40(5):400-413, 2019 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the detail the diagnostic role of FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI of SCCa at the different head and neck subsites, highlighting their role in identifying the primary tumor extent, regional nodal metastases, and distant metastatic disease in the pretreatment and post-treatment setting, as well as implications for staging, treatment, and prognosis. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 86. Cheng Y, Bai L, Shang J, et al. Preliminary clinical results for PET/MR compared with PET/CT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 43(1):177-187, 2020 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
35 patients |
-To assess the performance of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) for the visualization and characterization of lesions.-To investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel incoherent motion parameters exhibited any significant correlation with standardized uptake values (SUV) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). |
The present results suggested that the application of PET/MR is feasible and could serve as a reliable alternative to PET/CT, while SUV and ADC, D*, D and f values were identified as independent biomarkers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). |
2 |
| 87. Liu FY, Lin CY, Chang JT, et al. 18F-FDG PET can replace conventional work-up in primary M staging of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 48(10):1614-9, 2007 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
300 patients |
To evaluate whether (18)F-FDG PET could replace CWU by comparing their diagnostic efficacies. |
Sixty-one (20.3%) of 300 eligible patients were found to have distant metastases. On a patient-based analysis, (18)F-FDG PET was found to be more effective than CWU (P < 0.001), whereas it was equally effective with PET+CWU (P = 0.130). On region-based analyses, (18)F-FDG PET was more effective than skeletal scintigraphy and chest radiography for detecting bone metastases (P < 0.001) and chest metastases (P < 0.001), respectively. (18)F-FDG PET and abdominal ultrasound were equally effective for detecting hepatic metastases (P = 0.127). On region-based analyses, the combination of (18)F-FDG PET and CWU did not yield any noticeable increase in diagnostic efficacy. |
2 |
| 88. Yi X, Fan M, Liu Y, Zhang H, Liu S. 18 FDG PET and PET-CT for the detection of bone metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. A meta-analysis. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 57(6):674-9, 2013 Dec. |
Meta-analysis |
1621 patients |
To evaluate (18) FDG PET/PET-CT for the detection of bone metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. |
Across 9 PET studies (1621 patients) and 10 PET-CT studies (1291 patients), sensitivity and specificity of PET were 0.81 and 0.99, and of PET-CT were 0.89 and 0.99, respectively. In 5 comparative studies (1184 patients), sensitivity and specificity of PET/PET-CT were 0.85 and 0.98, and of bone scintigraphy were 0.55 and 0.98, respectively. |
Not Assessed |
| 89. Chan SC, Yeh CH, Yen TC, et al. Clinical utility of simultaneous whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MRI as a single-step imaging modality in the staging of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 45(8):1297-1308, 2018 07. |
Observational-Dx |
113 patients |
To sought to prospectively investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MRI for primary staging of NPC patients. |
PET/MRI increased the accuracy of head and neck MRI for assessment of primary tumor extent in four patients via addition of FDG uptake information to increase the conspicuity of morphologically subtle lesions. PET/MR images were more discernible than PET/CT images for mapping tumor extension, especially intracranial invasion. Regarding the N staging assessment, the sensitivity of PET/MRI (99.5%) was higher than that of head and neck MRI (94.2%) and PET/CT (90.9%). PET/MRI was particularly useful for distinguishing retropharyngeal nodal metastasis from adjacent nasopharyngeal tumors. For distant metastasis evaluation, PET/MRI exhibited a similar sensitivity (90% vs. 86.7% vs. 83.3%), but higher positive predictive value (93.1% vs. 78.8% vs. 83.3%) than whole-body MRI and PET/CT, respectively. |
2 |
| 90. Lai V, Khong PL. Updates on MR imaging and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 50(6):539-48, 2014 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the roles and limitations of MR and (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the different stages of patient management in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). |
MR imaging, given its excellent soft tissue contrast resolution, is the best imaging modality of choice in the depiction and delineation of local tumor extent whilst whole body (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging, with its added functional information, is superior in correct identification of the metastatic lymph node and distant metastasis. It is also valuable in the treatment response assessment during the early treatment and post-treatment periods, potentially facilitating the concept of adaptive radiation therapy during treatment so as to minimize complications. In this article, we will review the roles and limitations of MR and (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the different stages of patient management in NPC. Also, the diagnostic challenge in differentiation between residual/recurrent disease and post-chemoradiation fibrosis in the post-treatment period will be addressed. Finally, the value of the quantitative parameters derived from functional MR and (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging as prognostic markers in the prediction of treatment outcome will also be discussed. |
4 |
| 91. Zhang SX, Han PH, Zhang GQ, et al. Comparison of SPECT/CT, MRI and CT in diagnosis of skull base bone invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomed Mater Eng. 24(1):1117-24, 2014. |
Observational-Dx |
60 patients |
To compare the diagnostic efficacy of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for the detection of skull base invasion in NPC. Sixty untreated patients with histologically proven NPC underwent SPECT/CT imaging, contrast-enhanced MRI and CT. |
Of the 60 patients, 30 had skull base invasion confirmed by the final results of contrast-enhanced MRI, CT and six-month follow-up imaging (MRI and CT). The diagnostic efficacy of the three imaging modalities in detecting skull base invasion was evaluated. The rates of positive findings of skull base invasion for SPECT/CT, MRI and CT were 53.3%, 48.3% and 33.3%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.3%, 86.7% and 90.0% for SPECT/CT fusion imaging, 96.7%, 100.0% and 98.3% for contrast-enhanced MRI, and 66.7%, 100.0% and 83.3% for contrast-enhanced CT. MRI showed the best performance for the diagnosis of skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, followed closely by SPECT/CT. SPECT/CT had poorer specificity than that of both MRI and CT, while CT had the lowest sensitivity. |
2 |
| 92. King AD, Vlantis AC, Yuen TW, et al. Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by MR Imaging: Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI Compared with Endoscopy and Endoscopic Biopsy Based on Long-Term Follow-Up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(12):2380-5, 2015 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
246 patients |
To determine whether there were any patients with undiagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma by obtaining long-term follow-up and to use these data to re-evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR imaging. |
One patient with a previous positive MR imaging finding was subsequently proved to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas were not found in the remaining 125 patients at follow-up, and the previous positive findings for nasopharyngeal carcinoma on MR imaging and endoscopy were attributed to benign lymphoid hyperplasia. The diagnostic performances for the previous MR imaging, endoscopy, and endoscopic biopsy were 100%, 88%, and 94%, respectively, for sensitivity, and 92%, 94%, and 100%, respectively, for specificity; the differences between MR imaging and endoscopy were significant for sensitivity (P = .003) but not specificity (P = .617). |
2 |
| 93. Gao Y, Zhu SY, Dai Y, Lu BF, Lu L. Diagnostic accuracy of sonography versus magnetic resonance imaging for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):827-34, 2014 May. |
Observational-Dx |
150 patients |
The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the accuracy of sonography versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a diagnosis of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was present in 71 of 150 patients (47.3%) and absent in 79 (52.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonography versus MRI for these cases were 90.1%, 84.8%, and 87.3% for sonography and 97.2%, 89.9%, and 93.3% for MRI, respectively. Both sonography and MRI had good diagnostic performance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with area under the curve values of 0.958 and 0.987, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of tumor detectability between sonography and MRI (P = .12), and the specificities of sonography and MRI were similar (P = .22). |
2 |
| 94. Dulguerov P, Jacobsen MS, Allal AS, Lehmann W, Calcaterra T. Nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma: are we making progress? A series of 220 patients and a systematic review. Cancer. 92(12):3012-29, 2001 Dec 15. |
Meta-analysis |
220 patients |
Authors reviewed treatment results in patients with nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma from a large retrospective cohort and conducted a systematic literature review. |
The 5-year survival rate was 40%, and the LC rate was 59%. The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 63%, and the LC rate was 57%. Factors that were associated statistically with a worse prognosis, with results expressed as 5-year actuarial specific survival rates, included the following: 1) histology, with rates of 79% for patients with glandular carcinoma, 78% for patients with adenocarcinoma, 60% for patients with SCC, and 40% for patients with undifferentiated carcinoma; 2) T classification, with rates of 91%, 64%, 72%, and 49% for patients with T1, T2, T3, and T4 tumors, respectively; 3) localization, with rates of 77% for patients with tumors of the nasal cavity, 62% for patients with tumors of the maxillary sinus, and 48% for patients with tumors of the ethmoid sinus; 4) treatment, with rates of 79% for patients who underwent surgery alone, 66% for patients who were treated with a combination of surgery and RT, and 57% for patients who were treated exclusively with RT. |
M |
| 95. Kim SH, Mun SJ, Kim HJ, Kim SL, Kim SD, Cho KS. Differential Diagnosis of Sinonasal Lymphoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma on CT, MRI, and PET/CT. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 159(3):494-500, 2018 09. |
Observational-Dx |
78 patients |
To analyze computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images and to evaluate the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of positron emission tomography (PET)/CT parameters between sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), knowing the imaging features that distinguish sinonasal NHL from SCC. |
Patients with sinonasal NHL had a larger tumor volume and higher tumor homogeneity than patients with SCC on T2-weighted and postcontrast MR images. Most of the sinonasal NHL and SCC showed a high degree of enhancement. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and adjacent bone destruction were significantly lower in sinonasal NHL than in SCC. However, cervical lymphadenopathy, Waldeyer's ring involvement, and PET/CT SUV max showed no significant differences between sinonasal NHL and SCC. Conclusion CT and MR images of sinonasal masses showing a bulky lesion, marked homogeneity, and low ADC values without adjacent bone destruction are more suggestive of sinonasal NHL than SCC. |
2 |
| 96. Sen S, Chandra A, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh P. Imaging Approach to Sinonasal Neoplasms. [Review]. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 25(4):577-93, 2015 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe a general approach to narrowing down the differential diagnosis and provides the treating physician sufficient information to choose and deliver the best treatment modality. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 97. Sen S, Chandra A, Mukhopadhyay S, Ghosh P. Sinonasal Tumors: Computed Tomography and MR Imaging Features. [Review]. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 25(4):595-618, 2015 Nov. |
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4 |
| 98. Jegoux F, Metreau A, Louvel G, Bedfert C. Paranasal sinus cancer. [Review]. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 130(6):327-35, 2013 Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the review of Paranasal sinus cancer |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 99. Koeller KK. Radiologic Features of Sinonasal Tumors. [Review]. Head Neck Pathol. 10(1):1-12, 2016 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To emphasize the essential imaging manifestations that correlate with sinonasal tumors in general and highlight certain features that may implicate a specific disease process. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 100. Haerle SK, Soyka MB, Fischer DR, et al. The value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for sinonasal malignant melanoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 269(1):127-33, 2012 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To evaluate imaging findings using position emission tomography (PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) in sinonasal malignant melanoma (SNMM) of the head and neck in a retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of patients |
Medical records were reviewed retrospectively with regard to the location and the size of the tumor. Furthermore, locoregional and distant metastases with a consecutive change in therapy detected by (18)F-FDG-PET/CT were assessed. Ten patients suffering from sinonasal malignant melanoma were staged and followed by (18)F-FDG-PET/CT imaging. A total of 34 examinations were obtained. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT depicted all primary tumors adequately. Aside from one cerebral metastasis all regional and distant metastases were truly identified by using this method. In summary, if available, (18)F-FDG-PET/CT is a valuable imaging modality for staging and re-staging sinonasal malignant melanoma to evaluate expansion of the primary tumor, locoregional disease, and distant metastases. |
4 |
| 101. Laubenbacher C, Saumweber D, Wagner-Manslau C, et al. Comparison of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, MRI and endoscopy for staging head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 36(10):1747-57, 1995 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
22 patients |
To discuss the comparison of Metabolic imaging, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and MRI with postoperative, histologic tissue characterization. |
Kinetic characteristics and tracer uptake intensity were similar in primary tumors and lymph node metastases. In both, FDG uptake did not reach a plateau phase 60 min postinjection. There was no statistically significant correlation of FDG uptake with plasma glucose level or histologic grading. All primary tumors were clearly demonstrated by PET, which tended to overestimate tumor size. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting individual lymph node involvement were 90% and 96%, respectively, for PET and, thus, significantly higher for MRI (78% and 71%, respectively; p < 0.05). N stages were correctly identified by MRI in only 4 patients; PET correctly staged lymph nodes in 15 of 17 patients. Based on "neck sides", the sensitivity and specificity were higher for PET, 89% and 100%, respectively, compared with MRI values of 72% and 56%, respectively. |
2 |
| 102. Wild D, Eyrich GK, Ciernik IF, Stoeckli SJ, Schuknecht B, Goerres GW. In-line (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with carcinoma of the sinus/nasal area and orbit. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 34(1):9-16, 2006 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
21 patients. |
To assess the clinical impact of PET co-registered with CT (PET/CT). |
All patients underwent PET/CT and CT or MRI for staging (n=9 scans) and restaging (n=17 scans) without treatment between the examinations. PET/CT changed the treatment protocol in 2 patients at staging and in 7 at re-staging. Distant metastases were found in 5 and a secondary tumour in 1 patient. |
2 |
| 103. Ogawa T, Kojima I, Wakamori S, et al. Clinical utility of apparent diffusion coefficient and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for resectability assessment of head and neck tumors with skull base invasion. Head Neck. 42(10):2896-2904, 2020 10. |
Observational-Dx |
27 patients |
To clarify the role of ADC and DWI for diagnosis of skull base tumors. |
Advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques revealed that ADC values in regions of pathological bone and dural invasions were significantly lower than in regions of no invasion. The area under the curve of ADC in bone invasions and dural invasions were 0.957 and 0.894, respectively. |
2 |
| 104. Touska P, Connor SEJ. Recent advances in MRI of the head and neck, skull base and cranial nerves: new and evolving sequences, analyses and clinical applications. [Review]. Br J Radiol. 92(1104):20190513, 2019 Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To explore novel and evolving MRI sequences that can be employed to evaluate diseases of the head and neck, including the skull base. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 105. Wang XY, Yan F, Hao H, Wu JX, Chen QH, Xian JF. Improved performance in differentiating benign from malignant sinonasal tumors using diffusion-weighted combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Chin Med J. 128(5):586-92, 2015 Mar 05. |
Observational-Dx |
197 patients |
To determine whether the combination of diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can improve the performance in differentiating benign from malignant sinonasal tumors. |
The mean ADCs of malignant sinonasal tumors (WS ADCs b0,1000 = 1.084 × 10-3 mm 2 /s) were significantly lower than those of benign tumors (WS ADCs b0,1000 = 1.617 × 10-3 mm 2 /s, P < 0.001). The accuracy using WS ADCs b0,1000 alone was 83.7% in differentiating the benign from the malignant tumors (85.3% sensitivity, 81.2% specificity, 86.4% positive predictive value [PPV], and 79.5% negative predictive value [NPV]). The accuracy using DCE with Tpeak and TIC alone was 72.1% (69.1% sensitivity, 74.1% specificity, 77.5% PPV, and 65.1% NPV). Using DW-MRI parameter was superior than using DCE parameters in differentiation between benign and malignant sinonasal tumors (P < 0.001). The accuracy was 87.3% (90.5% sensitivity, 82.7% specificity, 88.2% PPV, and 85.9% NPV) using DW-MRI combined with DCE-MRI, which was superior than that using DCE-MRI alone or using DW-MRI alone (both P < 0.001) in differentiating the benign from the malignant tumors. |
2 |
| 106. Kong X, Li H, Han Z. The diagnostic role of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and real-time elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: a meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 128(4):431-443.e1, 2019 Oct. |
Meta-analysis |
38 studies |
To assess the diagnostic properties of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and real-time elastography (RTE) in distinguishing between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. |
In total, 38 studies were included. Pooled sensitivities for ultrasonography, CT, MRI, PET/CT, and RTE were 0.66, 0.70, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.80, respectively. Pooled specificities were 0.92, 0.73, 0.90, 0.89, and 0.70, respectively. The DORs were 23, 6, 38, 20, and 10, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUC) of SROC for US, CT, MRI, PET/CT, and RTE were 0.91, 0.77, 0.92, 0.88, and 0.82, respectively. |
Good |
| 107. Maraghelli D, Pietragalla M, Cordopatri C, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of salivary gland tumours: Key findings for imaging characterisation. [Review]. European Journal of Radiology. 139:109716, 2021 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present the main MRI and clinical features of salivary gland tumours to improve their comprehensive evaluation and characterisation. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 108. Freling N, Crippa F, Maroldi R. Staging and follow-up of high-grade malignant salivary gland tumours: The role of traditional versus functional imaging approaches - A review. [Review]. Oral Oncol. 60:157-66, 2016 09. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the current imaging modalities for diagnosing and staging these rare tumours. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 109. Thoeny HC. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. [Review] [38 refs]. Cancer Imaging. 7:52-62, 2007 Apr 30. |
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4 |
| 110. Larson CR, Wiggins RH. FDG-PET Imaging of Salivary Gland Tumors. [Review]. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 40(5):391-399, 2019 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide a practical guide for PET imaging of salivary gland tumors, detailing important additional diagnostic considerations, such as perineural tumor spread and intraparotid nodal metastases that are unique subsets related to salivary gland malignancy. |
No result was stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 111. Ettl T, Schwarz-Furlan S, Gosau M, Reichert TE. Salivary gland carcinomas. [Review]. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 16(3):267-83, 2012 Sep. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the salivary gland carcinomas |
Recent insights in genetic alterations like chromosomal aberrations, expression of receptor tyrosine kinases, malfunction of tumour suppressor genes or DNA promoter methylations increased the knowledge about aetiology and pathogenesis. New histological subtypes are recognised, and a three-tiered grading system seems reasonable. Ultrasound remains the basic diagnostic imaging procedure. New developments comprise the diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging, while fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography shows good diagnostic accuracy in detecting distant metastases and local recurrence. Fine-needle aspiration cytology helps in differentiating a neoplasia from a non-neoplastic lesion while being unreliable in recognising malignancy. In contrast, additional core needle biopsy and/or intraoperative frozen section diagnosis increase the accuracy in diagnosing a malignant lesion. Conservative parotid surgery with nerve monitoring remains state-of-the-art. Free flaps or musculoaponeurotic flaps are proposed for prevention of Frey's syndrome. As parotid cancer often shows skip metastases, complete ipsilateral neck dissection (level I-V) is indicated particularly in high-grade lesions. Adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy increases local tumour control, whereas overall survival is not necessarily improved. Current results of systemic chemotherapy or targeted therapy in advanced tumour stages are disappointing. |
4 |
| 112. Lee YY, Wong KT, King AD, Ahuja AT. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. [Review] [44 refs]. European Journal of Radiology. 66(3):419-36, 2008 Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review Imaging of salivary gland tumours. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 113. Liu Y, Li J, Tan YR, Xiong P, Zhong LP. Accuracy of diagnosis of salivary gland tumors with the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 119(2):238-245.e2, 2015 Feb. |
Meta-analysis |
19 articles |
To compare ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinical differential diagnosis in patients with salivary gland tumor (SGT). |
Nineteen articles were included. Pooled sensitivity for US, CT, and MRI was 0.629 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.73), 0.830 (95% CI 0.74-0.90), and 0.807 (95% CI 0.73-0.87), respectively; pooled specificity for US, CT, and MRI was 0.920 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), 0.851 (95% CI 0.79-0.90), and 0.886 (95% CI 0.85-0.92), respectively. The AUC under SROC for US, CT, and MRI was 0.934 ± 0.058, 0.912 ± 0.889, and 0.903 ± 0.045, respectively. |
Good |
| 114. Westergaard-Nielsen M, Rohde M, Godballe C, et al. Up-front F18-FDG PET/CT in suspected salivary gland carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med. 33(8):554-563, 2019 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
91 patients |
To investigate whether a 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET/CT)-based diagnostic strategy adds decisive new information compared to conventional imaging in the evaluation of salivary gland tumours and the detection of cervical lymph node metastases, distant metastases, and synchronous cancer in patients with salivary gland carcinoma. |
Ninety-one patients were included in the study. Thirty-three patients had primary salivary gland carcinoma and eight had cervical lymph node metastases. With PET/CT, the sensitivity was 92% and specificity 29% regarding tumour site. With MRI/CXR, the sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 26%, respectively. Regarding cervical lymph node metastases in patients with salivary gland carcinoma, the sensitivity with PET/CT was 100% and with MRI/CXR 50%. PET/CT diagnosed distant metastases in five patients, while MRI/CXR detected these in two patients. Finally, PET/CT diagnosed two synchronous cancers, whereas MRI/CXR did not detect any synchronous cancers. |
2 |
| 115. Badger D, Aygun N. Imaging of Perineural Spread in Head and Neck Cancer. [Review]. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(1):139-149, 2017 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the imaging of Perineural Spread in Head and Neck Cancer. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 116. Gerwel A, Kosik K, Jurkiewicz D. US in preoperative evaluation of parotid gland neoplasms. Otolaryngol Pol. 69(2):27-33, 2015. |
Observational-Dx |
51 patients |
To achieve complete surgical tumor resection, also to preserve adjacent structures (facial nerve, parapharyngeal space structures). |
The results of imaging examination were compared to the final diagnosis based on pathological examination of the surgical specimen. The parameters of the US examination such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the evaluation of parotid gland tumors were established based on the examination results. An analysis was performed and ill-defined parotid tumor margins turned out to be a US parameter with higher diagnostic value for differentiating benign and malignant lesions than increased tumor vascularity. The presence of enlarged regional lymph nodes with blurred echostructure on the US examination had little value for differentiating lesions. The sensitivity of the US examination in terms of detecting malignant parotid gland neoplasms increased significantly in the setting of simultaneous assessment of several parameters. |
3 |
| 117. Kim JW, Roh JL, Kim JS, et al. (18)F-FDG PET/CT surveillance at 3-6 and 12 months for detection of recurrence and second primary cancer in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 109(12):2973-9, 2013 Dec 10. |
Observational-Dx |
143 patients |
To discuss the evaluation of 143 consecutive patients with previously untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by whole-body fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) and regular clinical follow-up after curative treatment. T |
The sensitivities of 3-6- and 12-month PET/CT scans at patient level were 96% and 93%, respectively, and those of regular clinical follow-up were 11% and 19%, respectively (McNemar test, P<0.001). In patients with no clinical suspicion, PET/CT detected 95% and 91% of recurrent patients at 3-6 and 12 months, respectively. The sensitivity of PET/CT for the identification of SPC was 29% and 80% at 3-6 and 12 months, respectively. A positive interpretation of PET/CT was significantly associated with poor overall survival (log-rank test, P<0.001). |
2 |
| 118. Cheung PK, Chin RY, Eslick GD. Detecting Residual/Recurrent Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Using PET or PET/CT: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [Review]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(3):421-32, 2016 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
2o studies |
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (CT) for detecting residual and/or recurrent local and regional disease and distant metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) following radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy |
Twenty-seven studies were identified. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PET and PET/CT for detecting residual or recurrent disease at the primary site was 86.2% and 82.3%, respectively. For residual and recurrent neck disease, the sensitivity and specificity were 72.3% and 88.3%, while for distant metastases, the values were 84.6% and 94.9%. |
4 |
| 119. Suenaga Y, Kitajima K, Ishihara T, et al. FDG-PET/contrast-enhanced CT as a post-treatment tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with FDG-PET/non-contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced CT. Eur Radiol. 26(4):1018-30, 2016 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
170 patients |
To evaluate the accuracy of PET/CT using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) with IV contrast for suspected recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
The patient-based areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for ceCT, PET/ncCT and PET/ceCT were 0.82, 0.96 and 0.98 for local recurrence, 0.73, 0.86 and 0.86 for regional recurrence, 0.86, 0.91 and 0.92 for distant metastasis, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.87 for overall recurrence, and 0.86, 0.89 and 0.91 for a second primary cancer. Both PET/ceCT and PET/ncCT statistically showed larger AUC than ceCT for recurrence, and the difference between PET/ceCT and PET/ncCT for local recurrence reached a significant level (p = 0.039). The accuracy of PET/ceCT for diagnosing overall recurrence was high, irrespective of the time interval after the last treatment (83.3-94.1 %). |
2 |
| 120. Zammit-Maempel I, Kurien R, Paleri V. Outcomes of synchronous pulmonary nodules detected on computed tomography in head and neck cancer patients: 12-year retrospective review of a consecutive cohort. J Laryngol Otol. 130(6):575-80, 2016 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
222 patients |
To investigate the long-term outcomes of pulmonary nodules detected on chest computed tomography in a consecutive cohort of patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent head and neck squamous cell cancer staged between 2001 and 2003. |
The study included 222 patients, 148 patients with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer (group 1) and 74 patients with recurrent cancer (group 2). Abnormalities were identified in 101 patients (45.4 per cent); these were predominantly benign in group 1 (61.7 per cent) as compared to predominantly malignant in group 2 (64.3 per cent) (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.0009). Only four patients (7.4 per cent) with an initially benign-looking pulmonary nodule went on to develop malignancy over time, conferring a negative predictive value of 93 per cent for the whole cohort. |
2 |
| 121. Iovoli AJ, Platek AJ, Degraaff L, et al. Routine surveillance scanning in HNSCC: Lung screening CT scans have value but head and neck scans do not. Oral Oncol. 86:273-277, 2018 11. |
Observational-Dx |
534 patients |
To examine the utility of computed tomography (CT) imaging during routine surveillance for the detection of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
Within the entire cohort (n = 534), complete response was achieved in 446 patients (83.5%); of these, 84 (15.7%) patients had a recurrence. Among the 84 patients with disease recurrence, 25 (30%) patients remained alive, of which 15 (18%) underwent successful salvage treatment and became free of disease. Lung screening CT scans detected failure in 8 of these successfully salvaged patients. Among the 8 patients successfully salvaged for locoregional recurrence, 3 failures were asymptomatic at onset and detected by laryngoscope or dental exam. The remaining 5 failures were symptomatic and detected upon work up prompted by symptoms. Maxillofacial and neck surveillance CT imaging failed to detect any successfully salvaged patients. |
2 |
| 122. Fakhry N, Michel J, Colavolpe C, Varoquaux A, Dessi P, Giovanni A. Screening for distant metastases before salvage surgery in patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective case series comparing thoraco-abdominal CT, positron emission tomography and abdominal ultrasound. Clinical Otolaryngology. 37(3):197-206, 2012 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
37 patients |
To evaluate the role of 18-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scan for detecting distant metastases in the preoperative assessment of patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
Among the 37 patients, 9 (24%) had visceral metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detecting metastasis or second primary were, respectively, 100%, 94%, 86% and 100% for CT and 92%, 87%, 74% and 97% for positron emission tomography. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography were strictly concordant in 32/37 (86%) of cases. No false-negative result was found for CT, while we found one case of false-negative positron emission tomography. The number of false-positive results was two for CT and four for positron emission tomography. |
2 |
| 123. Sullivan BP, Parks KA, Dean NR, Rosenthal EL, Carroll WR, Magnuson JS. Utility of CT surveillance for primary site recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head & Neck. 33(11):1547-50, 2011 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
131 patients |
To compare the utility of clinical examination (CE) to that of CT in detecting recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for primary site recurrences is lacking. |
One hundred thirty-one patients underwent a total of 886 CEs and 346 CT scans during the follow-up period. The sensitivity for CE and CT was 84.0% and 66.7%, respectively; for specificity, 98.7% and 90.7%, respectively; for positive predictive value, 65.6% and 31.8%, respectively; and for negative predictive value the values were 99.5% and 97.7%, respectively. |
2 |
| 124. Hermans R, Pameijer FA, Mancuso AA, Parsons JT, Mendenhall WM. Laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: can follow-up CT after definitive radiation therapy be used to detect local failure earlier than clinical examination alone?. Radiology. 214(3):683-7, 2000 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
66 patients |
To determine if follow-up computed tomography (CT) after definitive radiation therapy for laryngeal or hypopharyngeal (laryngopharyngeal) carcinoma allows the detection of local failure earlier than clinical examination alone. |
In 12 of 29 (41%) patients with treatment failure at the primary site, follow-up CT scans were definite for local failure (score, 3) a mean of 5.5 months (median, 3.5 months; range, 1-17 months) before clinical examination results. |
2 |
| 125. Rivelli V, Luebbers HT, Weber FE, Cordella C, Gratz KW, Kruse AL. Screening recurrence and lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer: the role of computer tomography in follow-up. Head Neck Oncol. 3:18, 2011 Mar 25. |
Review/Other-Dx |
317 patients |
To evaluate whether local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases were first discovered clinically or by routine computer tomography. |
Out of 315 patients with an oral squamous cell carcinoma, 294 were evaluated. Those experiencing neither recurrence of the tumor nor lymph node metastases constituted 62%. Local recurrence was seen in 36 (12%), lymph node metastases in 32 (11%), and both in 16 (6%). Of the 32 patients with lymph node metastases, 25 were recognized first clinically, and 7 were detected by routine CT scans; concerning local recurrence, 32 appeared clinically, and 4 were detected by routine CT scans. |
4 |
| 126. Sheikhbahaei S, Marcus C, Subramaniam RM. 18F FDG PET/CT and Head and Neck Cancer: Patient Management and Outcomes. [Review]. PET clinics. 10(2):125-45, 2015 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the value of 18F fluoro-deoxyglucose-PET/CT in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and predicting patient-related outcomes. |
No results state din the abstract. |
4 |
| 127. Muller J, Hullner M, Strobel K, Huber GF, Burger IA, Haerle SK. The value of (18) F-FDG-PET/CT imaging in oral cavity cancer patients following surgical reconstruction. Laryngoscope. 125(8):1861-8, 2015 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
27 scans |
To determine the accuracy for detection of residual/recurrent disease after flap reconstruction for OCSCC. |
The highest accuracy to detect LR was achieved with (18) F-FDG-PET/ceCT, with a sensitivity/specificity of 88%/89% and 88%/79% for R1 and R2, respectively, as compared to ceCT with 75%/79% for R1 and 88%/68% for R2 and (18) F-FDG-PET/CT with 88%/58% for both R1 and R2. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis determined a cutoff value for SUVmax of 7.2, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 94%, respectively, to distinguish LR from physiological (18) F-FDG uptake. |
2 |
| 128. Kim ES, Yoon DY, Moon JY, et al. Detection of loco-regional recurrence in malignant head and neck tumors: a comparison of CT, MRI, and FDG PET-CT. Acta Radiol. 60(2):186-195, 2019 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
93 patients |
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT, alone and in combination, in detecting the locoregional recurrence of malignant head and neck tumor |
The sensitivity/specificity/and accuracy of CT, MRI, and PET-CT for the detection of primary site recurrence was 89.9/85.7/89.3%, 94.9/85.7/93.6%, and 97.5/92.9/96.8%, respectively. The sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of CT, MRI, and PET-CT for the detection of nodal recurrence was 66.3/99.4/92.4%, 74.7/99.4/94.2%, and 85.5/94.9/93.0%, respectively. MRI + PET-CT achieved the best performance in the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis (Az value = 0.958 for primary site recurrence and 0.929 for nodal recurrence). |
2 |
| 129. Helsen N, Van den Wyngaert T, Carp L, Stroobants S. FDG-PET/CT for treatment response assessment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 45(6):1063-1071, 2018 06. |
Meta-analysis |
22 identified studies (1293 patients) |
To assess the diagnostic value of FDG-PET/CT in detecting nodal disease within 6 months after treatment, considering patient and disease characteristics. |
Out of 22 identified studies, a meta-analysis of 20 studies (1293 patients) was performed. The pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (with 95% CI) were 85% (76-91%), 93% (89-96%) and 76 (35-165), respectively. With the prevalence set at 10%, the positive and negative predictive values were 58% and 98%. There was significant heterogeneity between the trials (p < 0.001). HPV positive tumors were associated with lower sensitivity (75% vs 89%; p = 0.01) and specificity (87% vs 95%; p < 0.005). |
Good |
| 130. McDermott M, Hughes M, Rath T, et al. Negative predictive value of surveillance PET/CT in head and neck squamous cell cancer. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(8):1632-6, 2013 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
512 patients |
To determine the negative predictive value of PET/CT in patients with treated head and neck squamous cell cancer and to determine whether negative PET/CT reduces the need for further imaging surveillance. |
Five hundred twelve patients (1553 scans) were included in the study. Two hundred fourteen patients had at least 1 PET/CT with negative findings. Of the 214 patients with a scan with negative findings, 19 (9%) eventually experienced recurrence, resulting in a NPV of 91%. In addition, a subgroup of 114 patients with 2 consecutive PET/CT examinations with negative findings within a 6-month period was identified. Only 2 recurrences were found in this group, giving a NPV of 98%. |
2 |
| 131. Sagardoy T, Fernandez P, Ghafouri A, et al. Accuracy of (18) FDG PET-CT for treatment evaluation 3 months after completion of chemoradiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: 2-year minimum follow-up. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E1271-6, 2016 04. |
Observational-Dx |
47 patients |
To assess the accuracy of (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18) FDG PET)-CT in detecting residual or recurrent disease after nonsurgical treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
Forty-seven patients were included with 40 months of median follow-up: 46 with a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at the primary site and 43 in the neck. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 86.7%, 90%, 76.5%, and 93.1%, respectively, at the primary site and 100%, 97.2%, 87.5%, 100%, respectively, in the neck. |
2 |
| 132. Dunsky KA, Wehrmann DJ, Osman MM, Thornberry BM, Varvares MA. PET-CT and the detection of the asymptomatic recurrence or second primary lesions in the treated head and neck cancer patient. Laryngoscope. 123(9):2161-4, 2013 Sep. |
Review/Other-Dx |
308 patients |
To discuss the role of follow-up and the detection of recurrent or new primary disease in cancer management. |
Of the 123 patients in the study, 24 (20%) were noted to have asymptomatic lesions (either recurrent or new primaries) indicated on PET/CT (8% of surveillance scans) at an average interval of 35.7 weeks posttreatment. Asymptomatic lesions were detected most frequently at distant sites, with 50% being thoracic, but also included were primary (9%), regional (9%), and other distant (32%) sites. At last follow-up of the 24 patients in whom an asymptomatic lesion was detected, 14 patients have died of disease; 10 patients remain alive, four with disease; and one patient had a subsequent recurrence treated and is currently disease-free. |
4 |
| 133. Robin P, Abgral R, Valette G, et al. Diagnostic performance of FDG PET/CT to detect subclinical HNSCC recurrence 6 months after the end of treatment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 42(1):72-8, 2015 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
116 patients |
To evaluate the effectiveness of an earlier FDG PET/CT, at 6 months after the end of treatment. |
The study included 116 patients. FDG PET/CT examinations were performed within a mean period ± SD of 5.6 ± 1.8 months after treatment. FDG PET/CT examinations exhibited abnormal FDG uptake in 34 patients and found no suspected recurrence in 82 cases. Of these 82 FDG PET/CT considered as negative, only 1 had a recurrence. Among the 34 positive FDG PET/CT, 22 relapsed whereas 12 did not show evidence of recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET/CT in this study for the diagnosis of occult HNSCC recurrence were 96 (22/23) and 87 % (81/93), respectively. The positive predictive value was 65 % (22/34). The negative predictive value was 99 % (81/82). The overall accuracy was 89 % (103/116). Of the 116 patients, FDG PET/CT highlighted 22 (19 %) subclinical recurrences. |
2 |
| 134. Mori M, Tsukuda M, Horiuchi C, et al. Efficacy of fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography to evaluate responses to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx. 38(6):724-9, 2011 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
65 patients |
To discuss the evaluation of the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). |
The mean of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) before treatment at the primary tumor site was 8.1 (range, 2-22). The sensitivity of FDG-PET for the diagnosis of primary tumor site was 98%. The mean of SUVmax after treatment was 2.6 (range, 2-5). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FDG-PET for the diagnosis of primary tumor site after treatment were 100%, 40%, and 46%, respectively. The mean of SUVmax before treatment at the nodal site was 4.7 (range, 2-16). The mean of SUVmax after treatment was 2.0 (range, 2-6.7). The pre-treatment SUVmax of T2, T3, and T4 stages were significantly higher than that of the T1 stage. The N stage had no correlation in terms of the pre-treatment nodal site SUVmax. |
2 |
| 135. Sjovall J, Wahlberg P, Almquist H, Kjellen E, Brun E. A prospective study of positron emission tomography for evaluation of neck node response 6 weeks after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E473-9, 2016 04. |
Observational-Dx |
105 patients |
To evaluate if a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, 6 weeks after radiotherapy (RT), adequately selects patients in whom a neck node dissection can be omitted. Primary endpoints were isolated neck recurrences and overall survival (OS). |
Median follow-up was 25 months. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 56% and 94%, respectively. Four isolated neck recurrences occurred. The 2-year OS rate was 86.3%. |
2 |
| 136. Leung AS, Rath TJ, Hughes MA, Kim S, Branstetter BF 4th. Optimal timing of first posttreatment FDG PET/CT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 38 Suppl 1:E853-8, 2016 04. |
Observational-Dx |
247 patients |
To review 247 patients with definitively treated nonmetastatic HNSCC. First posttreatment PET/CT scans were grouped into: <7 weeks, 7 to 10 weeks, 11 to 14 weeks, and =15 weeks. |
Sixty-seven of the 247 patients (27.1%) had treatment failure. Scans performed at <7 weeks were less accurate than all other time intervals (p < .05). Scans performed at all other intervals were similar in accuracy. |
2 |
| 137. Covello M, Cavaliere C, Aiello M, et al. Simultaneous PET/MR head-neck cancer imaging: Preliminary clinical experience and multiparametric evaluation. Eur J Radiol. 84(7):1269-76, 2015 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
44 patients |
To evaluate the role of simultaneous hybrid PET/MR imaging and to correlate metabolic PET data with morpho-functional parameters derived by MRI in patients with head-neck cancer. |
PET/MR examinations were successfully performed on all 44 patients. Agreement between the two blinded groups was found in anatomic allocation of lesions by PET/MR (Primary tumors: Cohen's kappa 0.93; |
2 |
| 138. Romeo V, Iorio B, Mesolella M, et al. Simultaneous PET/MRI in assessing the response to chemo/radiotherapy in head and neck carcinoma: initial experience. Med Oncol. 35(7):112, 2018 Jun 19. |
Observational-Dx |
5 patients |
To assess by simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) the response to chemotherapy (CHT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). |
Five patients with HNSCC underwent simultaneous PET/MRI examination before and after CHT and/or RT. Standard uptake volume (SUV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and iAUC pre- and post-treatment values were extracted and compared. The response to treatment was assessed according to RECIST criteria and classified as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progression disease (PD). In patient 1, PR was observed with increased ADC, Ktrans, and Ve values and reduction of SUV, iAUC, and Kep values; during clinical and instrumental follow-up, the patient experienced disease progression. Patient 2, classified as PR, showed increased ADC values and reduction of SUV and all perfusion parameters; follow-up demonstrated disease stability. Patient 3, considered as SD, showed increase of ADC and all perfusion values with a mild decrease of SUV; PD was observed during clinical and instrumental follow-up. Patients 4 and 5 showed a CR with no detectable tumor lesions at post-treatment PET/MRI examination, confirmed by 1-year follow-up. Multiparametric evaluation with simultaneous PET/MRI could be a useful tool to assess and predict the response to CHT and/or RT in patients with HNSCC. |
4 |
| 139. Kangelaris GT, Yom SS, Huang K, Wang SJ. Limited utility of routine surveillance MRI following chemoradiation for advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma. International journal of otolaryngology. 2010, 2010. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients |
To determine the utility of routine surveillance MRI in detecting locoregional recurrence following definitive chemoradiation in advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma. |
Forty patients received a total of 229 surveillance MRI scans with a minimum follow-up of three years (mean of 5.6 scans per patient). Six patients experienced false-positive surveillance studies that resulted in intervention. Four patients experienced recurrent disease, two of whom had new symptoms or exam findings that preceded radiographic identification of disease. Surveillance MRI scans identified recurrent disease in two asymptomatic patients who were salvaged, one of whom remains free of disease at follow-up. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the MRI surveillance program were 50 and 83 percent, respectively. The mean charge to each patient for the surveillance program was approximately $10,000 annually. Conclusion. In oropharyngeal cancer patients who have been treated with chemoradiation, an imaging surveillance program utilizing MRI produces limited opportunity for successful salvage. |
2 |
| 140. Lin CM, Wang CP, Chen CN, et al. The application of ultrasound in detecting lymph nodal recurrence in the treated neck of head and neck cancer patients. Sci. rep.. 7(1):3958, 2017 06 21. |
Observational-Dx |
153 patients |
To discuss the review of 153 treated head and neck cancer patients who had received US and US-guided US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB). |
we retrospectively review 153 treated head and neck cancer patients who had received US and US-guided FNA/CNB. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, size (short-axis diameter >0.8 cm) (odds ratio (OR) 4.19, P = 0.007), round shape (short/long axis ratio >0.5) (OR 3.44, P = 0.03), heterogeneous internal echo (OR 3.92, P = 0.009) and irregular margin (OR 7.32, P < 0.001) are effective US features in predicting recurrent LNs in the treated neck. However, hypoechogenicity (OR 2.38, P = 0.289) and chaotic/absent vascular pattern (OR 3.04, P = 0.33) are ineffective. US-guided FNA (sensitivity/specificity: 95.24%/97.92%) is effective in the treated neck, though with high non-diagnostic rate (29.69%). US-guided CNB (sensitivity/specificity: 84.62%/100%) is also effective, though with low negative predictive value (62.5%). Overall, US with US-guided FNA/CNB are still effective diagnostic tools for neck nodal recurrence surveillance. |
2 |
| 141. Park JJ, Emmerling O, Westhofen M. Role of neck ultrasound during follow-up care of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 132(2):218-24, 2012 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
140 patients |
To discuss the role of neck ultrasound during follow-up care of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. |
Overall recurrences occurred in 35.0% of patients. Local, regional, and distant recurrences were found in 11.4%, 7.9%, and 15.7%. Hypopharyngeal carcinoma and advanced staged tumor showed highest recurrence rates. In all, 24.5% of all recurrences were treated successfully by salvage therapy. Resection of local, regional, and distant recurrences resulted in 3-year survival rates of 43.8%, 36.4%, and 4.5%. The outcome of secondary therapy worsened with advancing initial primary tumor stage. |
4 |
| 142. Teo PT, Tan NC, Khoo JB. Imaging appearances for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and post-salvage nasopharyngectomy. [Review]. Clin Radiol. 68(11):e629-38, 2013 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To increase awareness of the imaging features of NPC recurrences at local and distant sites using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron-emission tomography (PET). Important changes in imaging seen in patients after nasopharyngectomy are also discussed. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 143. Wei J, Pei S, Zhu X. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT, MRI and SPECT in the diagnosis of local residual/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis. [Review]. Oral Oncol. 52:11-7, 2016 Jan. |
Meta-analysis |
17 studies |
To assess the overall diagnostic value of MRI, SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting local NPC residual/recurrence with a meta-analysis. |
Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity estimates for 18F-FDGPET/CT (90%) and SPECT (85%) were not significantly higher than MRI (77%) (p=0.096 and 0.164, respectively). The pooled specificity estimates for 18F-FDGPET/CT (93%) and SPECT (81%) were significantly higher than MRI (76%) (p=0.033 and 0.042, respectively). The pooled DOR (Diagnostic odds ratio) estimates for 18F-FDGPET/CT (73.27) were significantly higher than MRI (12.09) (p=0.019) while the pooled DOR estimates for SPECT (78.69) were not significantly higher than MRI (12.09) (p=0.872). For 18F-FDGPET/CT, there were no significant differences between PET-CT and PET on all of the variables including sensitivity, specificity, PLR (Positive likelihood ratio), NLR (Negative likelihood ratio) and DOR (P>0.05). For SPECT, there were no significant differences between 201TI-SPECT and MIBI-SPECT on all of the variables including sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR (P>0.05). Both 18F-FDGPET/CT and SPECT are very accurate for the detection of local residual or recurrent NPC, they are superior to MRI in distinguishing recurrent NPC from fibrosis or scar tissue after RT in irradiated fields with distortion of normal architecture. For 18F-FDGPET/CT, the diagnostic accuracy PET/CT was not significantly different than that of PET alone. For SPECT, 201TI-SPECT and MIBI-SPECT have the same diagnostic accuracy. |
Good |
| 144. Xie CM, Liu XW, Li H, et al. Computed tomographic findings of skull base bony changes after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: implications for local recurrence. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 40(4):300-10, 2011 Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
80 patients |
To evaluate bony changes in the skull base after radiotherapy by computed tomography (CT) and their correlation with local recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) without previous involvement of the skull base. |
Eighteen patients (22.5%) had sclerosis in some area of the skull base, and the sclerosis in 5 (27.8%) of these patients changed into osteoporosis in 1 to 5 years after its appearance. Seventeen patients (21.3%) had osteolysis. The local recurrence rate of patients with osteolysis was observed to be significantly higher than that of patients with sclerosis (p < .0001). |
2 |
| 145. Chan SC, Ng SH, Chang JT, et al. Advantages and pitfalls of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in detecting locally residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 33(9):1032-40, 2006 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
146 patients |
To elucidate the advantages and pitfalls of (18)F-FDG PET in detecting locally residual/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in comparison with MRI. |
From January 2002 to August 2004, 146 patients were eligible. Thirty-four were from group A and 112 from group B. In all, 26 had locally recurrent/residual tumours. Differences in detection rate between (18)F-FDG PET and MRI were not statistically significant in either group. However, (18)F-FDG PET showed significantly higher specificity than MRI in detecting residual tumours among patients with initial T4 disease (p=0.04). In contrast, the specificity of (18)F-FDG PET for patients with an initial T1-2 tumour treated with intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) was significantly lower than that for patients not treated by ICBT (72.2% vs 98.1%, p=0.003). At an SUV cut-off of 4.2, PET showed an equal and a higher accuracy compared with MRI in groups A and B, respectively. |
2 |
| 146. Chan SC, Yen TC, Ng SH, et al. Differential roles of 18F-FDG PET in patients with locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma after primary curative therapy: response evaluation and impact on management. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 47(9):1447-54, 2006 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
131 patients |
To compare the efficacies of whole-body (18)F-FDG PET and a conventional work-up (CWU) in evaluating the treatment response for patients with locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after primary curative therapy and investigates the impact of PET on patient management. |
From January 2002 to August 2005, 131 patients with NPC were eligible, including 71 patients with stage III NPC (group A) and 60 patients with stage IVa-b NPC (group B). Twelve patients were proven to have residual tumors. (18)F-FDG PET had a higher overall sensitivity than CWU in group A (100% vs. 25%) and group B (91.7% vs. 58.3%). The overall specificity of PET was significantly higher than that of CWU in group B (97.6% vs. 91.7%; P = 0.019) but was slightly lower in group A (95.7% vs. 96.7%). The overall accuracy of PET also was significantly higher than that of CWU in group B (97.2% vs. 89.4%; P = 0.002) but was similar to that of CWU in group A (95.8% vs. 95.3%). PET resulted in management changes in 11 patients (15.4%; 11/71) in group A, with positive and negative impacts on 3 and 8 patients, respectively. In group B, the management of 26 of 60 patients (43%) was changed as a result of PET and included positive impacts on 23 patients and negative impacts on 3 patients. |
2 |
| 147. Yakoob MY, Theodoratou E, Jabeen A, et al. Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. [Review]. BMC Public Health. 11 Suppl 3:S23, 2011 Apr 13. |
Review/Other-Dx |
8 trials |
To determine all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing countries for preventive zinc supplementation. |
The effect of preventive zinc supplementation on mortality was given in eight trials, while cause specific mortality data was given in five of these eight trials. Zinc supplementation alone was associated with a statistically insignificant 9% (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.01) reduction in all cause mortality in the intervention group as compared to controls using a random effect model. The impact on diarrhea-specific mortality of zinc alone was a non-significant 18% reduction (RR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.05) and 15% for pneumonia-specific mortality (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11). The incidence of diarrhea showed a 13% reduction with preventive zinc supplementation (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94) and a 19% reduction in pneumonia morbidity (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.90). Keeping in mind the direction of effect of zinc supplementation in reducing diarrhea and pneumonia related morbidity and mortality; we considered all the outcomes for selection of effectiveness estimate for inclusion in the LiST model. After application of the CHERG rules with consideration to quality of evidence and rule # 6, we used the most conservative estimates as a surrogate for mortality. We, therefore, conclude that zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in diarrhea mortality of 13% and pneumonia mortality of 15% for inclusion in the LiST tool. Preventive zinc supplementation had no effect on malaria specific mortality (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.06) or incidence of malaria (RR = 0.92; 95 % CI 0.82-1.04). |
4 |
| 148. Li Z, Li Y, Li N, Shen L. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography outperforms MRI in the diagnosis of local recurrence and residue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An update evidence from 44 studies. Cancer Med. 8(1):67-79, 2019 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
44 studies |
To discuss the review the Positron emission tomography/computed tomography outperforms MRI in the diagnosis of local recurrence and residue of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An update evidence from 44 studies. |
Forty-four studies with 61 groups of data and totally 3369 patients were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis analysis. The overall estimated sensitivity and specificity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET-CT/MRI) for local recurrent/residual NPC were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The pooled area under the curve of (AUC) of PET-CT/MRI in the summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.94. Subgroup analysis showed MRI vs PET-CT had lower sensitivity (0.83 vs 0.92) and specificity (0.78 vs 0.89). The AUCs of MRI and PET-CT were 0.87 and 0.96, respectively. No-cross of 95% CI was found in MRI vs PET/CT (0.87-0.90 vs 0.94-0.98). Meta-regression showed PET/CT vs MRI was a potential source of heterogeneity. PET/CT and MRI both showed quite high overall ability in diagnosing local recurrent/residual NPC, but the subgroup analysis indicated PET-CT was superior over MRI in diagnosis of local recurrence and residue of NPC after radiotherapy. The examination methods affected the heterogeneity within studies. |
4 |
| 149. Chan SC, Kuo WH, Wang HM, et al. Prognostic implications of post-therapy (18)F-FDG PET in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with chemoradiotherapy. Ann Nucl Med. 27(8):710-9, 2013 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
165 patients |
To sought to investigate the prognostic implications of post-therapy PET in patients with NPC treated with chemoradiotherapy. |
A total of 165 patients were enrolled. Over a median follow-up of 58 months, 30 patients died and 41 had disease recurrence. The results of the 3-month post-therapy PET and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor were independent predictors of overall survival. TNM tumor stage, TLG, and post-therapy PET findings were independently associated with disease-free survival (DFS). The results of post-therapy PET were more predictive of DFS than TNM tumor stage (P < 0.001 vs. P = 0.005). Among patients with stage IVa-b disease, there was a trend toward better 5-DFS rates in patients with a complete metabolic response (CMR) on PET than in those who showed a complete response in the CWU (5-year DFS = 70.7 vs. 63.1 %). Notably, the 1- and 2-year DFS rates were significantly better in the former group compared with the latter. In contrast, the results of post-therapy CWU were not a reliable predictor for DFS. |
2 |
| 150. Lamarre ED, Batra PS, Lorenz RR, et al. Role of positron emission tomography in management of sinonasal neoplasms--a single institution's experience. Am J Otolaryngol. 33(3):289-95, 2012 May-Jun. |
Review/Other-Dx |
31 patients |
To examine the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) for staging and restaging after treatment of paranasal sinus carcinomas. |
Seventy-seven scans were reviewed from 31 patients. The pathologies included olfactory neuroblastoma (n = 9), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 6), sinonasal melanoma (n = 6), and minor salivary gland carcinomas (n = 4). The positive predictive value of studies performed for restaging at the primary, neck, and distant sites were 56%, 54%, and 63%; negative predictive values were 93%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. During restaging, 32% of patients were accurately upstaged secondary to neck or distant site involvement. |
4 |
| 151. Argiris A, Karamouzis MV, Raben D, Ferris RL. Head and neck cancer. [Review] [153 refs]. Lancet. 371(9625):1695-709, 2008 May 17. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and staging, and the latest multimodal management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. |
No results stated in the abstract |
4 |
| 152. Kirchner J, Schaarschmidt BM, Sauerwein W, et al. 18 F-FDG PET/MRI vs MRI in patients with recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck. 41(1):170-176, 2019 01. |
Observational-Dx |
32 patients |
To evaluate and compare the diagnostic potential of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (18 FDG-PET/MRI) and MRI for recurrence diagnostics after primary therapy in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). |
Lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 96%, 84%, 90%, 93%, and 91% for 18 F-FDG PET/MRI and 77%, 94%, 95%, 73%, and 84% for MRI, resulting in a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET/MRI compared to MRI (P < .005). |
2 |
| 153. Park HL, Yoo IeR, Lee N, et al. The Value of F-18 FDG PET for Planning Treatment and Detecting Recurrence in Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors: Comparison with Conventional Imaging Studies. Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 47(4):242-8, 2013 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
66 patients |
To assess the value of F-18 FDG PET/CT for detecting cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis and recurrence, as well as planning treatment, and to compare the accuracy of PET/CT with conventional imaging studies (CIS) in patients with malignant salivary gland tumor (SGT). |
A total of 184 PET/CT exams of 66 patients were included, and 34 initial staging and 150 surveillance PET/CT exams were performed. The initial cervical LN detection sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 60.9 %, 89.2 %, 84.0 %, 56.0 %, and 91.0 % for visual analysis on PET/CT, 39.1 %, 95.0 %, 84.8 %, 64.3 %, and 87.4 % for semiquantitative analysis on PET/CT, and and 43.5 %, 94.1 %, 84.8 %, 62.5 %, and 88.1 % for CIS. The sensitivity of visual analysis on PET/CT was significantly higher than that of semiquantitative analysis on PET/CT and CIS (p = 0.0009 and 0.0086). In 5 of 34 initial staging patients (14.7 %), the treatment plan was changed from curative surgery to palliative therapy. The performance of follow-up PET/CT showed no significant difference compared with CIS. |
2 |
| 154. Queiroz MA, Huellner MW. PET/MR in cancers of the head and neck. [Review]. Semin Nucl Med. 45(3):248-65, 2015 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss current trends and potential clinical applications of PET/MR in the imaging of head and neck cancers, including clinical protocols. To discuss potential benefits of implementing functional MR techniques into hybrid PET/MRI of head and neck cancers. |
No results stated in the abstract. |
4 |
| 155. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Appropriateness-Criteria/RadiationDoseAssessmentIntro.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
