| 1. Patel K, Batura D. An overview of hydronephrosis in adults. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 81(1):1-8, 2020 Jan 02. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To explore how to approach an adult patient with hydronephrosis, encompassing aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 2. Zambon JP, Koslov DS, Mihai B, Badlani GH. Bladder and Ureteral Dysfunction Leading to Hydronephrosis and Hydroureteronephrosis in Adults. [Review]. Urology. 117:1-8, 2018 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the literature regarding supravesical obstruction or bladder dysfunction leading to bilateral hydronephrosis in adults and to develop an algorithm to identify patients at risk of renal failure. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 3. Idowu BM, Ibitoye BO, Oyedepo VO, Onigbinde SO, Okedere TA. Ultrasonographic characterisation of obstructive uropathy in Nigerian women with uterine fibroids. Niger Postgrad Med J. 25(4):220-224, 2018 Oct-Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
140 women with uterine fibroids |
To determine the prevalence of upper renal tract obstructive changes in women with uterine fibroids using ultrasonography (USG). |
The median uterine volume was 556 cm3. Application of a 200 cm3 cut-off value yielded 126 (90%) large uterine volumes and 14 (10%) small uterine volumes. Of the 140 women enrolled, 52 (37.1%) had renal backpressure changes. Of these 52 patients, 51 (98.1%) had uterine volumes >200 cm3. Both kidneys were affected in the vast majority (36 out of 52 = 69.2%) of those with renal backpressure changes, and 23 (44.2%) of the 52 women with renal backpressure changes had mild (Grade 1) hydronephrosis, while 25 (48.1%) had moderate (Grade 2) hydronephrosis. When unilateral, however, backpressure changes were significantly more common on the right side. |
4 |
| 4. Pepe F, Pepe P. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) in the diagnosis of obstructive hydronephrosis in pregnant women. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 288(3):489-93, 2013 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
234 pregnant women |
To evaluate color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) accuracy of kidneys and bladder in the diagnosis and treatment of hydronephrosis and/or renal colic in pregnancies. |
Overall incidence of hydronephrosis was equal to 27 % (63 out 234 cases); the incidence of hydronephrosis, RI > 0.70 and abnormal ureteric jet in asymptomatic vs symptomatic pregnant women was equal to 30.9 vs 50 %, 16.1 vs 50 %, 3 vs 60 % (p < 0.05), respectively. In the 63 pregnancies with asymptomatic hydronephrosis RI and ureteric jet evaluation were abnormal in 39 (19.1 %) and 6 cases (3 %), respectively. In the 30 pregnancies with renal colic conventional ultrasound vs CDU, findings were abnormal in 15 (50 %) vs 20 (66.7 %) (p = 0.015) cases, respectively. |
3 |
| 5. Bayraktar Z, Kahraman ST, Alac ES, Yengel I, Sarikaya Kalkan D. Maternal hydronephrosis in pregnant women without ureteral stones and characteristics of symptomatic cases who need treatment: A single-center prospective study with 1026 pregnant women. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 93(1):35-41, 2021 Mar 18. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1026 pregnant women |
To determine the proportion of maternal hydronephrosis and symptomatic cases requiring treatment in pregnant women without ureteral stones and the characteristics of these cases. |
The rate of maternal hydronephrosis was 28.7% and the rate of symptomatic hydronephrosis was 4.7%. Of the patients with symptomatic hydronephrosis, 73.4% (3.5% of total) were treated conservatively and 26.5% (1.3% of total) were treated surgically. There was a positive correlation between hydronephrosis and gestational week (p < 0.001), visual analogue scale (p < 0.001) and hematuria (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between hydronephrosis and maternal age (p < 0.05) and number of pregnancies (p < 0,001). The anteroposterior diameter of renal pelvis (p < 0.001), visual analogue scale (p < 0.05) and fetal body weight values (p < 0.05) on the right side were higher in the surgical treatment group than the conservative group. |
4 |
| 6. Blanco LT, Socarras MR, Montero RF, et al. Renal colic during pregnancy: Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Literature review. [Review]. Cent. European J. Urol.. 70(1):93-100, 2017. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the recent and relevant publications on renal colic during pregnancy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 7. Cecen K, Ulker K. The comparison of double J stent insertion and conservative treatment alone in severe pure gestational hydronephrosis: a case controlled clinical study. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:989173, 2014. |
Observational-Tx |
53 pregnant women diagnosed with hydronephrosis. |
To compare the effectiveness of conservative treatment and double J insertion in symptomatic pure gestational hydronephrosis. |
Hydronephrosis was demonstrated on the right, left, or both kidneys in 37 (70%), 13 (24%), and 3 (6%) women, respectively. None of the participants gave birth prior to the 37th week. The demographics, initial pain scores, the severity of the hydronephrosis during first admission, and pain scores one week after the interventions did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Similarly, the rates of complications, postpartum pain scores, and permanent hydronephrosis did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). |
2 |
| 8. Cheung KL, Lafayette RA. Renal physiology of pregnancy. [Review]. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 20(3):209-14, 2013 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide an understanding of important changes in kidney physiology during pregnancy, which is fundamental in caring for the pregnant patient. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 9. Ercil H, Arslan B, Ortoglu F, et al. Conservative/surgical treatment predictors of maternal hydronephrosis: results of a single-center retrospective non-randomized non-controlled observational study. Int Urol Nephrol. 49(8):1347-1352, 2017 Aug. |
Review/Other-Tx |
246 pregnant women with symptomatic hydronephrosis |
To determine the parameters that may help the clinicians decide the best suitable treatment method for the pregnant women with symptomatic hydronephrosis which will be based on the easily accessible laboratory tests, monitoring methods and clinical symptoms. |
In the second and third trimester groups, the surgical treatment group statistically provided higher levels of CRP, WBC and VAS. Mean MADP in the second trimester of the conservative and surgical groups where symptomatic hydronephrosis was on the right side was 16.67 ± 4.67 and 28.68 ± 7.70 mm, respectively. Mean MADP in the third trimester group of the conservative and surgical groups where symptomatic hydronephrosis was on the right side was 16.96 ± 5.96 and 28.85 ± 7.64 mm, respectively. |
4 |
| 10. Ozayar A, Friedlander JI, Shakir NA, Gahan JC, Cadeddu JA, Morgan MS. Equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction on diuretic renogram--should minimally invasive pyeloplasty be offered to symptomatic patients?. J Urol. 193(4):1278-82, 2015 Apr. |
Observational-Tx |
125 patients |
To investigate the MIP (minimally invasive pyeloplasty) outcome in patients with EqUPJO (equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction) and compare it to that in patients treated for definitive UPJO. |
The 16 female and 7 male patients with equivocal ureteropelvic junction obstruction had flank pain and associated hydronephrosis on imaging. At a median follow up of 20.2 months (range 7 to 75) 95.7% of patients with equivocal obstruction achieved complete symptom resolution. Mean +/- SD preoperative and postoperative half-life was 14.1 +/- 3.7 and 7.4 +/- 4.2 minutes, respectively, for an improvement of 6.7 minutes (p <0.001). In 1 patient (4.3%) with equivocal obstruction of a complicated iatrogenic etiology treatment ultimately failed postoperatively and endopyelotomy was required. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical or radiological success between the equivocal obstruction group and the 75 patients treated with minimally invasive pyeloplasty for definitive ureteropelvic junction obstruction (p ¼ 0.44 and 0.07, respectively). |
2 |
| 11. Taylor AT. Radionuclides in nephrourology, Part 2: pitfalls and diagnostic applications. [Review]. J Nucl Med. 55(5):786-98, 2014 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the common clinical indications of suspected obstruction and renovascular hypertension, briefly summarize the status of radionuclide renal imaging in the evaluation of the transplanted kidney and the detection of infection, review potential pitfalls, and conclude with suggestions for future research. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 12. O'Reilly P, Aurell M, Britton K, Kletter K, Rosenthal L, Testa T. Consensus on diuresis renography for investigating the dilated upper urinary tract. Radionuclides in Nephrourology Group. Consensus Committee on Diuresis Renography. J Nucl Med 1996;37:1872-6. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present a standardized approach to diuresis renography. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 13. Wang YC, Chang D, Zhang SJ, Wang Q, Ju S. The Accuracy of Renal Function Measurements in Obstructive Hydronephrosis Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Renography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 213(4):859-866, 2019 10. |
Observational-Dx |
28 adult volunteers:13 without hydronephrosis, eight with low-grade hydronephrosis, and seven with high-grade hydronephrosis. |
To assess the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) evaluation in patients with obstructive hydronephrosis using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR renography (DCE-MRR). |
Both GFRMRR and GFRRS correlated well with GFRRef. In patients with hydronephrosis, DCE-MRR and RS overestimated GFR by 12.8 ± 13.9 mL/min (mean ± SD) and 11.5 ± 12.3 mL/min, respectively. The skGFRRS was higher than skGFRMRR by 5.7 ± 3.8 mL/min in high-grade hydronephrotic kidneys (p = 0.004). Good interrater reliability was observed for skGFRMRR (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.82-0.92) and skGFRRS (ICC = 0.79-0.90) for both nonhydronephrotic kidneys and hydronephrotic kidneys. The overall mean SDs of repeated measurements from three investigators were 4.0 and 3.8 mL/min for skGFRMRR and skGFRRS, respectively. |
2 |
| 14. Claudon M, Durand E, Grenier N, et al. Chronic urinary obstruction: evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography for measurement of split renal function. Radiology. 273(3):801-12, 2014 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
369 pediatric and adult patients |
To evaluate if measurement of split renal function (SRF split renal function) with dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE dynamic contrast enhanced) magnetic resonance (MR) urography is equivalent to that with renal scintigraphy (RS renal scintigraphy) in patients suspected of having chronic urinary obstruction. |
Reproducibility was substantial to almost perfect for both methods. Equivalence of DCE dynamic contrast enhanced MR urography and RS renal scintigraphy for measurement of SRF split renal function was shown in patients with moderately dilated kidneys (P < .001 with the Patlak-Rutland method). However, in severely dilated kidneys, the mean SRF split renal function measurement was underestimated by 4% when DCE dynamic contrast enhanced MR urography was used compared with that when RS renal scintigraphy was used. Age and type of MR imaging device had no significant effect. |
2 |
| 15. O'Connor OJ, McLaughlin P, Maher MM. MR Urography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010;195:W201-6. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe the advantages and disadvantages of MRU, the imaging technique, imaging findings in common urologic conditions, and future directions. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 16. Innes GD, Scheuermeyer FX, McRae AD, Teichman JMH, Lane DJ. Hydronephrosis severity clarifies prognosis and guides management for emergency department patients with acute ureteral colic. CJEM Canadian Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 23(5):687-695, 2021 09.CJEM, Can. j. emerg. med. care. 23(5):687-695, 2021 09. |
Observational-Dx |
3251 patients |
To determine whether hydronephrosis can differentiate low-risk patients appropriate for trial of spontaneous passage from those with clinically important stones likely to experience passage failure. |
Of 3251 patients, 70% male and mean age 51, 38% had a large stone, including 23%, 29%, 53% and 72% with absent, mild, moderate and severe hydronephrosis. Passage failure rates were 15%, 20%, 28% and 43% in the respective hydronephrosis categories, and 23% overall. "Absent or mild" hydronephrosis identified a large subset of patients (64%) with low passage failure rates. |
3 |
| 17. Alabousi A, Patlas MN, Mellnick VM, Chernyak V, Farshait N, Katz DS. Renal Colic Imaging: Myths, Recent Trends, and Controversies. [Review]. Can Assoc Radiol J. 70(2):164-171, 2019 May. |
Review/Other-Tx |
N/A |
To review the current relevant literature pertaining to the epidemiology, clinical factors, and management options in patients with known or suspected urolithiasis. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 18. Qin L, Xu J, Tang Y, et al. Value of noncontrast computer tomography in predicting the characteristics of obstructive uropathy. Clin Imaging. 82:53-57, 2022 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
207 patients (observation group=83 patients, Controls=124 patients) |
To explore the diagnostic value of noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) in differentiating pyonephrosis from nonpyogenic hydronephrosis on the basis of CT values (in Horsfield unit [HU]). |
Out of the 207 cases, 124 cases of obstructive uropathy were nonpyogenic hydronephrosis and 83 cases were of pyonephrosis. The CT values of the pyonephrosis group were significantly higher than that of the nonpyogenic hydronephrosis group (t = 9.15, P < 0.05). The CT values were dependent on the presence or absence of pyonephrosis (P < 0.05). A HU threshold value of 9.75 could be applied to diagnose the presence of pyonephrosis. |
2 |
| 19. Yuruk E, Tuken M, Sulejman S, et al. Computerized tomography attenuation values can be used to differentiate hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis. World J Urol. 35(3):437-442, 2017 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
105 patients |
To determine the diagnostic value of computerized tomography (CT) in differentiating pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis on the basis of attenuation values (Hounsfield unit-HU). |
The interclass correlation coefficient of three physicians was 0.981 for HU measurement and 0.999 for calculation of collecting system surface area. Of the patients, 47 (44.8 %) had pyonephrosis. Mean surface areas of the collecting system were similar in patients with pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis (1481.13 ± 1562.94 vs. 1612.94 ± 2261.4 mm2, p = 0.735). Urine cultures were positive in all patients with pyonephrosis, whereas 12.7 % of hydronephrosis cases had bacterial in first access urine culture. The HU of the patients with pyonephrosis was significantly higher that that of patients with hydronephrosis (13.51 ± 13.29 vs. 4.67 ± 5.37, p = 0.0001). Having a HU of 9.21 or over diagnosed pyonephrosis accurately with 65.96 % sensitivity and 87.93 % specificity. |
2 |
| 20. Desai V, Cox M, Deshmukh S, Roth CG. Contrast-enhanced or noncontrast CT for renal colic: utilizing urinalysis and patient history of urolithiasis to decide. Emergency Radiology. 25(5):455-460, 2018 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
350 patients |
To investigate the combined utility of urinalysis and history of urolithiasis in identifying patients who are unlikely to have urolithiasis and may benefit from a contrast-enhanced study. |
175 patients (62%) had an obstructing calculus. RBC-positive urinalysis was present in 231 patients with calculi on CT (sensitivity 82%). Patient history of urolithiasis plus urinalysis had a sensitivity of 94% for detecting calculi. Thirty-five patients (10%) had alternative diagnoses, 33 of which were in patients without obstructing calculi. Sixty-seven patients underwent noncontrast CT despite no history of urolithiasis and a negative urinalysis, 10 of which (15%) had alternative diagnoses. Only three cases in this subset (4%) had nonobstructing 1-2-mm calculi, potentially missed with contrast. In this subset, the projected proportion of optimally characterized cases with intravenous contrast is 96%, compared to 85% without contrast (p = .03). |
3 |
| 21. Zwank MD, Ho BM, Gresback D, Stuck LH, Salzman JG, Woster WR. Does computed tomographic scan affect diagnosis and management of patients with suspected renal colic?. Am J Emerg Med. 32(4):367-70, 2014 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
93 patients |
To compare diagnosis and treatment plans before and after CT in patients with suspected renal colic with the aim to evaluate how often changes in diagnosis, treatment and disposition are made. |
The discharge diagnosis was renal colic in 62 of 93 enrolled patients (67%). Urinalysis showed blood in 52 of these patients (84%). CT confirmed obstructing kidney or bladder stone in 50 patients. There were five cases of alternative diagnoses noted on CT scan. After CT scan, 7 patients had changes in disposition. Sixteen providers felt that CT would not change management. In these cases, CT offered no alternative diagnosis and didn't change disposition. |
3 |
| 22. Pathan SA, Mitra B, Mirza S, et al. Emergency Physician Interpretation of Point-of-care Ultrasound for Identifying and Grading of Hydronephrosis in Renal Colic Compared With Consensus Interpretation by Emergency Radiologists. Acad Emerg Med. 25(10):1129-1137, 2018 10. |
Observational-Dx |
651 patient image-data sets |
To determine the ability of EPs to identify and grade hydronephrosis on POCUS using the consensus interpretation of POCUS by emergency radiologists as the reference standard. |
Hydronephrosis was reported in 69.6% of POCUS examinations by radiologists and 72.7% of CT scans (p = 0.22). Using the consensus radiology interpretation of POCUS as the reference standard, EPs had an overall sensitivity of 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 84.3%-87.0%), specificity of 65.9% (95% CI = 63.1%-68.7%), positive likelihood ratio of 2.5 (95% CI = 2.3-2.7), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.19-0.24) for hydronephrosis. When using CT scan as the reference standard, the EPs had an overall sensitivity of 81.1% (95% CI = 79.6% to 82.5%), specificity of 59.4% (95% CI = 56.4%-62.5%), positive likelihood ratio of 2.0 (95% CI = 1.8-2.2), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.32 (95% CI = 0.29-0.35) for hydronephrosis. The specificity of EPs was improved to 94.6% (95% CI = 93.7%-95.4%) for categorizing the degree of hydronephrosis as "moderate or severe" versus "none or mild," with positive likelihood ratio of 6.33 (95% CI = 5.3-7.5) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.69 (95% CI = 0.66-0.73). |
2 |
| 23. Daniels B, Gross CP, Molinaro A, et al. STONE PLUS: Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Renal Colic, Using a Clinical Prediction Tool Combined With Point-of-Care Limited Ultrasonography. Ann Emerg Med. 67(4):439-48, 2016 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
835 patients |
To determine whether renal point-of-care limited ultrasonography (PLUS) used in conjunction with the Sex, Timing, Origin, Nausea, Erythrocytes (STONE) clinical prediction score can aid identification of emergency department (ED) patients with uncomplicated ureteral stone or need for urologic intervention. |
Renal PLUS modestly increased sensitivity for symptomatic stone among low and moderate STONE score categories. Moderate or greater hydronephrosis improved specificity from 67% (62% to 72%) to 98% (93% to 99%) and 42% (37% to 47%) to 92% (86% to 95%) in low- and moderate-risk patients, with likelihood ratios of 22 (95% CI, 4.2-111) and 4.9 (95% CI, 2.9-8.3), respectively. Test characteristics among high-risk patients were unchanged by renal PLUS. For urologic intervention, any hydronephrosis was 66% sensitive (57% to 74%), whereas moderate or greater hydronephrosis was 86% specific overall (83% to 89%) and 81% (69% to 90%) sensitive and 79% 95% CI, (73-84) specific among patients with the highest likelihood of symptomatic stone. |
3 |
| 24. Ali A, Akram F, Hussain S, Janan Z, Hussain Gillani SY. Non-Contrast Enhanced Multi-Slice Ct-Kub In Renal Colic: Spectrum Of Abnormalities Detected On Ct Kub And Assessment Of Referral Patterns. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 31(3):415-417, 2019 Jul-Sep. |
Review/Other-Dx |
350 patients |
To find out the spectrum of abnormalities detected on CT KUB and to develop protocols for the patients with acute renal colic/lumbar pain and adopt them for the best clinical practice. |
Most of the patients presented with flank pain and microscopic hematuria. Calculi were detected in 52 %. Patients with non obstructing stones were 63 %, ureteric stones and hydronephrosis were 22 %, ureterovesicle junction stone 4%. Patients with stones and incidental findings made 12.8% of the study population having abnormal CT KUB. |
4 |
| 25. Leo MM, Langlois BK, Pare JR, et al. Ultrasound vs. Computed Tomography for Severity of Hydronephrosis and Its Importance in Renal Colic. West J Emerg Med. 18(4):559-568, 2017 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
302 patients |
To determine if EP-performed US can detect severity (none, mild, moderate, severe) of hydronephrosis in ED patients with suspected renal colic when compared to CT. |
CT and EP ultrasound results were comparable in detecting severity of hydronephrosis (x2=51.7, p<0.001). Hydronephrosis on EP-performed ultrasound was predictive of a ureteral stone on CT (PPV 88%; LR+ 2.91), but lack of hydronephrosis did not rule it out (NPV 65%). Lack of hydronephrosis on EP-performed ultrasound makes larger stone size >5mm less likely (NPV 89%; LR- 0.39). Larger stone size > 5mm was associated with 30-day events (OR 2.30, p=0.03). |
1 |
| 26. Saw JT, Imeri NN, Aldridge ES, Buntine PG. Predictive values of haematuria and hydronephrosis in suspected renal colic: An emergency department retrospective audit. Emerg Med Australas. 32(4):573-577, 2020 08. |
Observational-Dx |
769 patients |
To determine the association of haematuria and hydronephrosis with CT confirmed ureteric calculi in ED presentations with suspected renal colic. |
Of 769 adult cases who received a CTKUB for suspected renal colic, 384 were positive (49.9%) and 385 were negative (50.1%). For haematuria and renal colic, sensitivity was 87.3% (83.3-90.7), specificity 33.8% (28.9-39.0), positive predictive value (PPV) 55.7% (53.7-57.8), negative predictive value (NPV) 73.6% (67.1-79.3). For CT hydronephrosis and renal colic, sensitivity was 88.0% (84.2-91.1), specificity 85.0% (80.9-88.5), PPV 85.7% (82.4-88.5), NPV 87.4% (84.0-90.2). Of 110 cases with both negative CT hydronephrosis and negative haematuria, four had ureteric calculi, NPV 96.4% (90.8-98.6). |
3 |
| 27. Lotan E, Weissman O, Guranda L, et al. Can Unenhanced CT Findings Predict Interventional Versus Conservative Treatment in Acute Renal Colic?. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 207(5):1016-1021, 2016 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
80 patients |
To determine the value of clinical parameters and radiologic findings on unenhanced CT to the choice between interventional and conservative management for patients with acute renal colic. |
The relationship between shivering, fever, and leukocytosis and interventional treatment had low sensitivity (29%, 26%, and 16%, respectively) but very high specificity (98%, 95%, and 98%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Stone size and density were statistically significantly different between patients treated conservatively and those treated interventionally (size, 4.6 vs 6.7 mm; density, 730 vs 910 HU; p < 0.01). Stones larger than 6.5 mm with an attenuation value greater than 1100 HU and that were proximally located were more likely to be treated interventionally. |
3 |
| 28. Bafaraj SM. Value of Magnetic Resonance Urography Versus Computerized Tomography Urography (CTU) in Evaluation of Obstructive Uropathy: An Observational Study. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 14(1):129-134, 2018 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
70 patients |
To determine whether magnetic resonance urography or computerized tomography urography is the best imaging modality among patients with suspected obstructive uropathy. |
Only 54.3% of the participants had urinary stones. Mean size of the renal stone was 11 mm; while mean size of the ureteral stone was 3.8 mm. The approach of magnetic resonance is not only limited to diagnosis, but is also effectively involved in the real time investigations. MRU has more reliability in terms of the diagnosis and anatomic presentation of the kidneys along with the vasculature. All cases of urinary stones were detected by computed tomography (100%); whereas, 78.9% cases were detected by magnetic resonance urography. |
3 |
| 29. Masselli G, Derme M, Bernieri MG, et al. Stone disease in pregnancy: imaging-guided therapy. Insights Imaging 2014;5:691-6. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To explain the use of the different imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of nephrolithiasis during pregnancy based on a literature review and the authors’ experience. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 30. Muthusami P, Bhuvaneswari V, Elangovan S, Dorairajan LN, Ramesh A. The role of static magnetic resonance urography in the evaluation of obstructive uropathy. Urology. 81(3):623-7, 2013 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
69 patients |
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of static MRU in hydronephrosis and to compare parameters of hydronephrosis in MRU with IV urography. |
The sensitivity and specificity MRU in detecting hydronephrosis were 95% and 100%, respectively. In determining the level of obstruction, the strength of agreement between IV urography and MRU using kappa statistics was kappa = 0.66, which corresponds to a good level of agreement. The Spearman correlation coefficient for the grade of hydronephrosis on MRU and IV urography was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95), with a P<.0001. The correct diagnosis was made in 89.2% of the cases by IV urography and in 93.8% of the cases by MRU. |
2 |
| 31. Semins MJ, Feng Z, Trock B, Bohlman M, Hosek W, Matlaga BR. Evaluation of acute renal colic: a comparison of non-contrast CT versus 3-T non-contrast HASTE MR urography. Urolithiasis. 41(1):43-6, 2013 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
22 patients |
Prospective study was performed to compare the performance of CT with HASTE MRU in the evaluation of patients with suspected renal colic. |
20 (91 %) were diagnosed with an upper tract stone by radiographic findings. MRU detected a discrete stone in 50% of the patients with stones detected by CT. Perinephric fluid was noted in 12 MRUs, compared to 7 CTs. Using CT as the reference standard, the combination of stone or perinephric fluid and ureteral dilation gave MRU a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 86% (95% CI, 0.72–1.0). HASTE MRU with a 3-T MR scanner can reliably detect the presence of upper urinary tract obstruction. Although CT imaging remains the superior modality with which to detect calculi, MRU detects a greater number of secondary signs of upper tract obstruction. For situations in which the use of ionizing radiation is undesirable, MRU is a reasonable imaging alternative. |
3 |
| 32. Innes GD, Wishart I, Lau T, Islam A, Gourlay K, Scheuermeyer FX. Can plain film radiography improve the emergency department detection of clinically important urinary stones?. Am J Emerg Med. 50:449-454, 2021 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
1026 patients with 1527 stones |
To estimate x-ray sensitivity for urinary stones and determine whether x-ray substantially improves stone detection (sensitivity) compared to hydronephrosis assessment alone. |
MS-Hydro sensitivity was 39% for large stones and 60% for interventional stones. X-ray sensitivity was 46% for large stones and 52% for interventional stones. Adding x-ray to hydronephrosis assessment increased sensitivity in all stone categories, specifically from 39% to 68% for large stones (gain = 29%; 95%CI, 23% to 35%) and from 60% to 82% for interventional stones (gain = 22%; 95%CI, 13% to 30%). |
3 |
| 33. Abdel-Gawad M, Kadasne R, Anjikar C, Elsobky E. Value of Color Doppler ultrasound, kub and urinalysis in diagnosis of renal colic due to ureteral stones. Int Braz J Urol. 40(4):513-9, 2014 Jul-Aug. |
Observational-Dx |
939 patients |
To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound (gray-scale and color Doppler with twinkling), KUB and urinalysis in diagnosis of renal colic due to ureteral calculi presented in Emergency Room. |
Renal and ureteral ultrasound (gray-scale) alone detected ureteral calculi in 615 cases (65.4%) and after utilizing Color Doppler Ultrasound with twinkling the diagnosis was made with confidence in 935 cases (99.6%) but 4 (0.4%). KUB showed radiopaque stones in 503 (53.6%) patients and no stones were detected in 436 (46.4%). Microhematuria presented in 835 (88.9%) cases while absent in 102 (10.9%). There were 190 (20.3%), 77 (8.2%) and 671 (71.5%) patients with upper, middle and lower ureteral stones respectively. The simultaneous positive findings in US and KUB with microhematuria were found only in 453 (48.2%) cases. |
3 |
| 34. Dalziel PJ, Noble VE. Bedside ultrasound and the assessment of renal colic: a review. [Review]. Emerg Med J. 30(1):3-8, 2013 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the literature and synthesize some of the data comparing point-of-care ultrasound with CT scanning as well as some of the evidence for how it might be incorporated into a renal colic management strategy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 35. Faget C, Millet I, Sebbane M, et al. Imaging strategies for patients with suspicion of uncomplicated colic pain: diagnostic accuracy and management assessment. Eur Radiol. 31(5):2983-2993, 2021 May. |
Observational-Dx |
46 patients |
To compare the ureterovesical jet dynamics in obstructed ureter with the contralateral unobstructed ureter in patients presenting with ureteral stone and to find whether urinary obstruction and ureterovesical jet flow characteristics are correlated. |
The conditional strategy, i.e. CT in patients who had no stone identified at US, had a perfect sensitivity and specificity. This enabled diagnosis of all stones requiring urology management while decreasing the number of CT exams by 22%. The strategy whereby CT was used when there was neither direct or indirect APF + US finding of colic pain nor alternative diagnoses in patients with a STONE score = 10 had a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.99, identified 84% of stones managed by urologic treatment and decreased the number of CT examinations by 76%. |
3 |
| 36. Wong C, Teitge B, Ross M, Young P, Robertson HL, Lang E. The Accuracy and Prognostic Value of Point-of-care Ultrasound for Nephrolithiasis in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 25(6):684-698, 2018 06. |
Meta-analysis |
5 studies with 1,773 patients. |
To determine the accuracy of POCUS for the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis to assess its prognostic value in the management of renal colic. |
The pooled results for sensitivity and specificity were 70.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 67.1%-73.2%) and 75.4% (95% CI = 72.5%-78.2%), respectively. The calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.85 and 0.39. The SROC generated did not show evidence of a threshold effect. Two of the studies in the meta-analysis found that the finding of moderate or greater hydronephrosis yielded a specificity of 94.4% (95% CI = 92.7%-95.8%). |
Good |
| 37. Riddell J, Case A, Wopat R, et al. Sensitivity of emergency bedside ultrasound to detect hydronephrosis in patients with computed tomography-proven stones. West J Emerg Med. 15(1):96-100, 2014 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
125 patients |
To evaluate trends in sensitivity related to stone size and number. |
The overall sensitivity of ultrasound for detection of hydronephrosis was 78.4% [95% confidence interval (CI)=70.2-85.3%]. The overall sensitivity of a positive ultrasound finding of either hydronephrosis or visualized stones was 82.4% [95%CI: 75.6%, 89.2%]. Based on a prior assumption that ultrasound would detect hydronephrosis more often in patients with larger stones, we found a statistically significant (p=0.016) difference in detecting hydronephrosis in patients with a stone =6 mm (sensitivity=90% [95% CI=82-98%]) compared to a stone <6 mm (sensitivity=75% [95% CI=65-86%]). For those with 3 or more stones, sensitivity was 100% [95% CI=63-100%]. |
3 |
| 38. Taylor M, Woo MY, Pageau P, et al. Ultrasonography for the prediction of urological surgical intervention in patients with renal colic. Emerg Med J. 33(2):118-23, 2016 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
500 patients |
To determine the sonographic findings of renal colic that predict surgical intervention. |
Of the 500 identified patients, 483 met our eligibility criteria. Of this group, 67 (13.9%) received a surgical intervention. Ultrasound (US) findings were 97% (95% CI 88.7% to 99.5%) sensitive and 28.1% (23.9% to 32.8%) specific in 'diagnosing' the requirement for surgery when the ultrasound (US) showed either at least a stone present or showed moderate to severe hydronephrosis. The presence of stone and moderate to severe hydronephrosis had a + likelihood ratio (LR) 3.86 (2.46 to 6.07) and a -LR 0.72 (0.60 to 0.86). Having a stone >/=6 mm had a sensitivity of 77.6% (65.5% to 86.5%), a specificity of 73.6% (69.0% to 77.7%), a +LR of 2.94 (2.39 to 3.6) and a -LR 0.30 (0.19 to 0.48). |
3 |
| 39. Joshi KS, Karki S, Regmi S, Joshi HN, Adhikari SP. Sonography in acute ureteric colic: an experience in Dhulikhel Hospital. Kathmandu Univ. med. j.. 12(45):9-15, 2014 Jan-Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
384 patients |
To evaluate the role of sonography in detection of calculus in acute ureteric colic. |
Out of 384 patients, 254 were found to have calculi ranging between 2.7-27 mm. Nineteen had in the pelvis/ pelviureteric junction, 64 in proximal ureter, 125 in distal ureter, 6 at iliac crossing and 40 at vesicoureteric junction. Two hundred forty one had single and 14 had multiple calculi. Calculus detection is easier in category III and IV patients. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were 87.98% and 93.07%. |
3 |
| 40. Sternberg KM, Pais VM Jr, Larson T, Han J, Hernandez N, Eisner B. Is Hydronephrosis on Ultrasound Predictive of Ureterolithiasis in Patients with Renal Colic?. J Urol. 196(4):1149-52, 2016 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
144 patients |
To investigate whether the presence of hydronephrosis on ultrasound is associated with a ureteral stone in patients who undergo both ultrasound and computerized tomography during the evaluation of acute renal colic. |
Ureteral stones were present in 85 of 144 patients. Ultrasound identified hydronephrosis in 89.8% of patients and a ureteral stone in 25.9%. Computerized tomography identified hydronephrosis in 91.8% of patients and a ureteral stone in 98.8%. In 75.0% of cases the presence or absence of hydronephrosis on ultrasound correctly predicted the presence or absence of a ureteral stone on computerized tomography. Hydronephrosis on ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 0.77 for the presence of a ureteral stone and a negative predictive value of 0.71 for the absence of a ureteral stone. |
3 |
| 41. Jandaghi AB, Falahatkar S, Alizadeh A, et al. Assessment of ureterovesical jet dynamics in obstructed ureter by urinary stone with color Doppler and duplex Doppler examinations. Urolithiasis. 41(2):159-63, 2013 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
46 patients with diagnosis of ureteral stone. |
To evaluate ureterovesical jet dynamics in obstructed ureter and to compare it with those of contralateral unobstructed side. |
When compared with contralateral normal side, the ureterovesical jet in obstructed ureter showed less frequency (0.59 vs. 3.04 jets/min; P < 0.05), shorter duration (1.24 vs. 5.26 s; P < 0.05) and lower peak velocity (5.41 vs. 32.09 cm/s; P < 0.05). The cut-off points of 1.5 jets/min, 2.5 s and 19.5 cm/s for difference of ureteral jet frequency, duration and peak velocity between obstructed and contralateral normal ureters yielded sensitivities of 97.8, 95.6 and 100 % and specificities of 87, 87.9 and 97.8 %, respectively for diagnosis of ureteral obstruction. |
3 |
| 42. Bird ST, Gelperin K, Sahin L, et al. First-Trimester Exposure to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: A Utilization Study of 4.6 Million U.S. Pregnancies. Radiology 2019;293:193-200. |
Review/Other-Dx |
6879 gadolinium-based contrast agents administered in 5457 pregnancies |
To examine the characteristics of real-world gadolinium use patterns in a large sample of pregnant women. |
Most contrast-enhanced MRI examinations were performed in the head (n = 3499), although pelvic and abdominal MRI constituted 22.3% (n = 1536) of all contrast-enhanced MRI examinations during pregnancy. The majority (70.2%) of GBCA exposures occurred during the first trimester, with a 4.3-fold greater prevalence compared with that in the second trimester and a 5.1-fold greater prevalence compared with that in the third trimester. |
4 |
| 43. Farrington CA. Kidney Imaging and Biopsy in Pregnancy. [Review]. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 27(6):525-530, 2020 11. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the risks and benefits of various modalities used to image the kidneys and urinary tract during pregnancy to aid in the judicious selection of appropriate imaging studies that are likely to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing fetal risk. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 44. Spencer JA, Chahal R, Kelly A, Taylor K, Eardley I, Lloyd SN. Evaluation of painful hydronephrosis in pregnancy: magnetic resonance urographic patterns in physiological dilatation versus calculous obstruction. J Urol. 2004;171(1):256-260. |
Review/Other-Dx |
24 consecutive pregnant women |
To evaluate MRU appearances in hydronephrosis in pregnancy and compare urographic patterns in physiological and calculous disease. |
MRU is a valuable and well tolerated investigation for evaluating painful hydronephrosis in pregnancy. |
4 |
| 45. Demir M, Yagmur I, Pelit ES, Kati B, Tuncekin A, Ciftci H. Comparison of Conservative and Surgical Treatments in Symptomatic Pregnancy Hydronephrosis. Urol Int. 105(11-12):1085-1091, 2021. |
Observational-Tx |
227 pregnant women |
To evaluate the factors affecting the treatment choice in pregnant women with symptomatic hydronephrosis. |
Age, gestational week, primipara, trimester, hydronephrosis side, fever, pyelonephritis, pyuria, preterm labour and abortion, as well as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and white blood cell levels did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). In the JJ stent group, VAS, creatinine value, culture positivity rate, degree of hydronephrosis, and renal pelvis anterior-posterior (AP) diameter were significantly higher than those in the conservative treatment group (p < 0.05). The cut-off value for renal pelvis AP diameter was 16.5 mm in the first 2 trimesters and 27.5 mm in the third trimester. |
3 |
| 46. Nuri Bodakci M, Kemal Hatipoglu N, Ozler A, et al. Hydronephrosis during pregnancy: how to make a decision about the time of intervention?. Med. glas. Ljek. komore Zenicko-doboj. kantona. 11(1):165-9, 2014 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
27 pregnant patients with unilateral symptomatic persistent hydronephrosis and 38 pregnant patients with physiological hydronephrosis of pregnancy. |
To evaluate the role of doppler ultrasonographorin managing hydronephrosis during pregnancy. |
The mean renal RI of the hydronephrosis side was 0.68 ± 0.05 in group 1 and 0.60 ± 0.05 in group 2 (p less than 0.001). The mean delta RI of group 1 was significantly higher than the mean delta RI of group 2 (0.07 ± 0.03 versus 0.02 ± 0.01, respectively, p less than 0.001). The RI and delta RI were considered positive with values of more than 0.70 and more than 0.04, respectively, and the RI was sensitive in 44.4% and specific in 92.1% for intervention treatment. The corresponding values for delta RI were 88.9% and 89.5%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of delta RI for intervention were 85.7% and 91.9%, respectively. |
3 |
| 47. Dell'Atti L. Our ultrasonographic experience in the management of symptomatic hydronephrosis during pregnancy. J. ultrasound. 19(1):1-5, 2016 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
36 consecutive cases of pregnant women whose pregnancy was complicated by symptomatic hydronephrosis. |
To document the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of symptomatic hydronephrosis during pregnancy. |
81 % of cases had a renal pelvis dilatation >2 cm, while in only 19 % of cases there was a hydronephrosis between 1 and 2 cm in diameter; however, calculi were confirmed only in 25 patients. 28 patients required an invasive management with double-J stent insertion under US guidance. The sensitivity and specificity of US in the etiological diagnosis of hydronephrosis during pregnancy was 83 and 91 %, respectively. |
3 |
| 48. Choi CI, Yu YD, Park DS. Ureteral Stent Insertion in the Management of Renal Colic during Pregnancy. Chonnam Med J. 52(2):123-7, 2016 May. |
Review/Other-Tx |
39 patients |
To analyze the reliability and stability of ureteral stent insertions in pregnant patients with renal colic following unsuccessful conservative treatments. |
Based on ultrasonography diagnoses, 13 patients had urolithiasis, and 13 patients had hydronephrosis without definite echogenicity of the ureteral calculi. Conservative treatments were successful in 25 patients. Among these treatments, antibiotics were used in 15 patients, and the remaining patients received only hydration and analgesics without antibiotics. Several urological interventions were required in 14 patients. The most common intervention was ureteral stent insertion, which was performed in 13 patients to treat hydronephrosis or urolithiasis. The patients' pain was relieved following these interventions. Only one patient received percutaneous nephrostomy due to pyonephrosis. No pregnancy complications were noted. |
4 |
| 49. Bold MS, Boyum JH, Potretzke AM, et al. Detection of distal ureteral stones in pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasound. J. ultrasound. 24(4):397-402, 2021 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
129 pregnant patients with a total of 142 encounters with both abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. |
To determine the performance of transvaginal ultrasound for the visualization of distal ureteral stones in pregnant patients with renal colic and to evaluate the diagnostic value of secondary findings suggestive of obstructing ureteral stone disease. |
The transvaginal technique identified 94% (N = 16/17) of sonographically detected stones in the distal ureter/urethra, while the transabdominal technique identified 29% (N = 5/17). The combined imaging for initial assessment of renal colic in pregnancy demonstrated a sensitivity of 89%, specificity 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98%. The frequency of hydronephrosis was statistically greater in the visualized stone group (94% vs 51%). Mean RI was identical in both groups however the delta RI was significantly elevated in those patients with distal ureteral stones with a mean delta RI value of 0.05. |
3 |
| 50. American College of Radiology. ACR–SPR Practice Parameter for the Safe and Optimal Performance of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/mr-fetal.pdf |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To promote safe and optimal performance of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 51. American College of Radiology. ACR-SPR Practice Parameter for Imaging Pregnant or Potentially Pregnant Patients with Ionizing Radiation. Available at: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PGTS/guidelines/Pregnant_Patients.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To assist practitioners in providing appropriate radiologic care for pregnant or potentially pregnant adolescents and women by describing specific training, skills and techniques. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 52. American College of Radiology. ACR-ACOG-AIUM-SMFM-SRU Practice Parameter for the Performance of Standard Diagnostic Obstetrical Ultrasound. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/us-ob.pdf |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To promote the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology by describing the key elements of standard ultrasound examinations in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 53. American College of Radiology. ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media. Manual on Contrast Media. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Clinical-Resources/Contrast_Media.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Guidance document to assist radiologists in recognizing and managing the small but real risks inherent in the use of contrast media. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 54. American College of Radiology. ACR Committee on MR Safety. 2024 ACR Manual on MR Safety. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Radiology-Safety/MR-Safety/Manual-on-MR-Safety.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Guidance document to promote the use of magnetic resonance (MR) safe practices. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 55. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Appropriateness-Criteria/RadiationDoseAssessmentIntro.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
