| 1. Lucena IRS, Chedid MF, Isolan PS, et al. A comparison between ultrasonography and single-phase computed tomography for preoperative assessment of solid abdominal tumors in children. Jornal de Pediatria. 99(1):17-22, 2023 Jan-Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
50 patients |
This study aimed to estimate the performance of single-phase-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography examinations in the preoperative evaluation of solid abdominal tumors and their relationship with relevant adjacent structures in children. |
Renal (20.4%) and neuroblastic (19.4%) tumors were the most common. Complete surgical resection with negative margins was achieved in 44 (88%) patients. The comparison between single-phase-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography findings showed the following results: sensitivity = 90.3% vs 86.6%, specificity = 86.8% vs 94.6%, negative predictive value = 95.3% vs 94.4%, positive predictive value = 75.3% vs 86.9%, and accuracy = 87.9% vs 92.2%. The correlation (kappa index) between computed tomography and ultrasonography examinations was 0.72 (p < 0.001). In 14% (7/50) of the patients, the invasion of adjacent structures was diagnosed by ultrasonography but not by computed tomography (1 patient had 2 invaded structures). |
3 |
| 2. Schooler GR, Infante JC, Acord M, et al. Imaging of pediatric liver tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2023 Jun;70 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):e29965. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide consensus-based imaging recommendations for evaluation of patients with primary hepatic malignancies at diagnosis and follow-up during and after therapy. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 3. Lai HA, Sharp SE, Bhatia A, et al. Imaging of pediatric neuroblastoma: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 70 Suppl 4:e29974, 2023 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide consensus-based imaging recommendations for pediatric neuroblastoma patients at diagnosis and during follow-up. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 4. Rees MA, Morin CE, Behr GG, et al. Imaging of pediatric adrenal tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 70 Suppl 4:e29973, 2023 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
This paper offers consensus recommendations for imaging of pediatric patients with a known or suspected primary adrenal malignancy other than neuroblastoma at diagnosis and during follow-up. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 5. Artunduaga M, Eklund M, van der Beek JN, et al. Imaging of pediatric renal tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper focused on Wilms tumor and nephrogenic rests. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2023 Jun;70 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):e30004. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Malignant renal tumors account for approximately 6% of pediatric malignancies, with Wilms tumor (WT) representing approximately 90% of pediatric renal tumors. This manuscript provides consensus-based imaging guidelines for the initial evaluation of a child with a suspected WT and follow up during and after therapy co-developed by the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) Diagnostic Imaging and Society for Pediatric (SPR) Radiology Oncology Committees. The guidelines for Wilms tumor imaging in the Society of International Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) are briefly discussed to highlight some of the differences in imaging approach. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 6. Srinivasan A, Parikh A, Pace E, Schechter A, Tang E, Servaes S. Imaging of pediatric abdominal soft tissue tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 70 Suppl 4:e30341, 2023 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide imaging recommendations for pediatric abdominal tumors that arise outside of the solid viscera. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 8. Bleeker G, Tytgat GA, Adam JA, et al. 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and 18F-FDG-PET imaging for diagnosing neuroblastoma. [Review]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (9)CD009263, 2015 Sep 29. |
Review/Other-Dx |
11 studies |
1 To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ¹²³I-MIBG (single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), with or without computed tomography (CT)) scintigraphy for detecting a neuroblastoma and its metastases at first diagnosis or at recurrence in children from 0 to 18 years old.1.2 To determine the diagnostic accuracy of negative ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy in combination with (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) imaging for detecting a neuroblastoma and its metastases at first diagnosis or at recurrence in children from 0 to 18 years old, i.e. an add-on test.2.1 To determine the diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) imaging for detecting a neuroblastoma and its metastases at first diagnosis or at recurrence in children from 0 to 18 years old.2.2 To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ¹²³I-MIBG (SPECT-CT) and (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) imaging for detecting a neuroblastoma and its metastases at first diagnosis or at recurrence in children from 0 to 18 years old. This was performed within and between included studies. ¹²³I-MIBG (SPECT-CT) scintigraphy was the comparator test in this case. |
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies reported data on patient level: the scan was positive or negative. One study reported on all single lesions (lesion level). The sensitivity of ¹²³I-MIBG (SPECT-CT) scintigraphy (objective 1.1), determined in 608 of 621 eligible patients included in the 11 studies, varied from 67% to 100%. One study, that reported on a lesion level, provided data to calculate the specificity: 68% in 115 lesions in 22 patients. The sensitivity of ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy for detecting metastases separately from the primary tumour in patients with all neuroblastoma stages ranged from 79% to 100% in three studies and the specificity ranged from 33% to 89% for two of these studies.One study reported on the diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) imaging (add-on test) in patients with negative ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy (objective 1.2). Two of the 24 eligible patients with proven neuroblastoma had a negative ¹²³I-MIBG scan and a positive (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) scan.The sensitivity of (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) imaging as a single diagnostic test (objective 2.1) and compared to ¹²³I-MIBG (SPECT-CT) (objective 2.2) was only reported in one study. The sensitivity of (18)F-FDG-PET(-CT) imaging was 100% versus 92% of ¹²³I-MIBG (SPECT-CT) scintigraphy. We could not calculate the specificity for both modalities. |
4 |
| 9. Decarolis B, Schneider C, Hero B, et al. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy scoring allows prediction of outcome in patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma: results of the Cologne interscore comparison study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 31(7):944-51, 2013 Mar 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
58 patients |
Results of the comparison between the SIOPEN [International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma Group] score and the modified Curie score. |
Scoring results were highly correlated between both methods, and interobserver reliability was excellent. A Curie score = 2 and a SIOPEN score = 4 (best cutoff) at diagnosis were correlated to significantly better event-free and overall survival compared with higher scores. After four cycles of chemotherapy, overall survival was significantly better for mIBG-negative patients compared with those with any residual mIBG-positive metastases. After six cycles of chemotherapy, there was no difference in survival between mIBG-negative patients and patients with residual mIBG-positive metastases. Patients without mIBG-positive metastases after four and six cycles of chemotherapy had a better overall survival, but late clearance of mIBG-positive metastases did not improve outcome. |
4 |
| 10. Littooij AS, Kwee TC, Barber I, et al. Whole-body MRI for initial staging of paediatric lymphoma: prospective comparison to an FDG-PET/CT-based reference standard. European Radiology. 24(5):1153-65, 2014 May. |
Observational-Dx |
36 children with newly diagnosed lymphoma |
To compare whole-body MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (whole-body MRI-DWI), with FDG-PET/CT for staging newly diagnosed paediatric lymphoma. |
Interobserver agreement of whole-body MRI-DWI was good [all nodal sites together (? = 0.79); all extranodal sites together (? = 0.69)]. There was very good agreement between the consensus whole-body MRI-DWI- and FDG-PET/CT-based reference standard for nodal (? = 0.91) and extranodal (? = 0.94) staging. The sensitivity and specificity of consensus whole-body MRI-DWI were 93 % and 98 % for nodal staging and 89 % and 100 % for extranodal staging, respectively. Following removal of MRI reader errors, the disease stage according to whole-body MRI-DWI agreed with the reference standard in 28 of 33 patients. |
1 |
| 11. Dhull VS, Sharma P, Patel C, et al. Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in paediatric neuroblastoma: comparison with 131I-MIBG scintigraphy. Nuclear Medicine Communications. 36(10):1007-13, 2015 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in paediatric patients with neuroblastoma (NB) and compare the results with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) scintigraphy. |
Patient-wise sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 100, 50, 91.89, 100 and 92.50%, respectively. A total of 140 lesions (primary, 37; lymph node, 31; bone, 50; bone marrow, 15; and others, seven) were detected on PET/CT. In 28 patients undergoing both imaging studies, the sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 100, 60, 92, 100 and 92.80%, respectively, and those of 131I-MIBG were 95.65, 60, 91.67, 75 and 89.20%, respectively. In these 28 patients, PET/CT detected 107 lesions (primary, 25; lymph node, 22; bone/bone marrow, 56; and others, four) and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy detected 74 lesions (primary, 24; lymph node, five; and bone/bone marrow, 45). On a patient-based comparison there was no significant difference between 18F-FDG PET/CT and 131I-MIBG (P = 1.000), but 18F-FDG PET/CT was superior to 131I-MIBG on a lesion-based comparison (P < 0.0001). Although no difference was noted for primary lesions (P = 1.000), PET/CT was superior to 131I-MIBG scintigraphy for the detection of lymph nodal (P = 0.001) and bone/bone marrow lesions (P = 0.007). |
2 |
| 12. DuBois SG, Mody R, Naranjo A, et al. MIBG avidity correlates with clinical features, tumor biology, and outcomes in neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017 Nov;64(11). |
Observational-Dx |
343 patients |
We compared clinical features, biologic features, and clinical outcomes between patients with MIBG nonavid and MIBG avid neuroblastoma. |
Thirty of 343 patients (8.7%) had MIBG nonavid disease. Patients with nonavid tumors were less likely to have adrenal primary tumors (34.5 vs. 57.2%; P = 0.019), bone metastases (36.7 vs. 61.7%; P = 0.008), or positive urine catecholamines (66.7 vs. 91.0%; P < 0.001) compared with patients with MIBG avid tumors. Nonavid tumors were more likely to be MYCN amplified (53.8 vs. 32.6%; P = 0.030) and had lower norepinephrine transporter expression. Patients with MIBG nonavid disease had a 5-year EFS of 50.0% compared with 38.7% for patients with MIBG avid disease (P = 0.028). On multivariate testing in high-risk patients, MIBG avidity was the sole adverse prognostic factor for EFS identified (hazard ratio 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.99; P = 0.034). |
4 |
| 13. Gawande RS, Gonzalez G, Messing S, Khurana A, Daldrup-Link HE. Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pediatric abdominal tumors. Pediatric Radiology. 43(7):836-45, 2013 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
68 children |
To evaluate whether diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) can differentiate between benign and malignant pediatric abdominal tumors. |
There was no significant difference in ADC values obtained at 1.5 T and 3 T (P = 0.962). Mean ADC values (× 10(-3) mm(2)/s) were 1.07 for solid malignant tumors, 1.6 for solid benign tumors, 2.9 for necrotic portions of malignant tumors and 3.1 for cystic benign lesions. The differences between malignant and benign solid tumors were statistically significant (P = 0.000025). ROC analysis revealed an optimal cut-off ADC value for differentiating malignant and benign solid tumors as 1.29 with excellent inter-observer reliability (alpha score 0.88). |
3 |
| 14. Callahan MJ, MacDougall RD, Bixby SD, Voss SD, Robertson RL, Cravero JP. Ionizing radiation from computed tomography versus anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging in infants and children: patient safety considerations. [Review]. Pediatric Radiology. 48(1):21-30, 2018 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
We compare and contrast the potential risks of CT without anesthesia against the potential risks of MRI with anesthesia, and discuss the implications of this analysis on exam selection, providing specific examples related to neuroblastoma surveillance imaging. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 16. Piccardo A, Morana G, Puntoni M, et al. Diagnosis, Treatment Response, and Prognosis: The Role of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in Children Affected by Neuroblastoma in Comparison with 123I-mIBG Scan: The First Prospective Study. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 61(3):367-374, 2020 03. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients |
Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic role of 18F-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) PET/CT at the time of staging in children with neuroblastoma and to investigate its ability to assess treatment response. We also investigated the prognostic value of 18F-DOPA PET/CT at the same time points. |
We enrolled 16 high-risk and 2 intermediate-risk neuroblastoma patients. On patient-based analysis, sensitivity in detecting primary tumors, soft-tissue metastases, and bone or bone-marrow metastases was 83%, 50%, and 92%, respectively, for 123I-MIBG WBS versus 94%, 92%, and 100%, respectively, for 18F-DOPA PET/CT. On lesion-based analysis, the sensitivity of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in detecting soft-tissue and bone or bone-marrow metastases was 86% and 99%, respectively-significantly higher than that of 123I-MIBG WBS, at 41% and 93%, respectively. After therapy, on patient-based analysis, the sensitivity in detecting primary tumors, soft-tissue metastases, and bone or bone-marrow metastases was 72%, 33%, and 38%, respectively, for 123I-MIBG WBS versus 83%, 75% and 54%, respectively, for 18F-DOPA PET/CT. On lesion-based analysis, the sensitivity of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in detecting soft-tissue and bone or bone-marrow metastases was 77% and 86%, respectively-significantly higher than that of 123I-MIBG WBS, at 28% and 69%, respectively. During follow-up, 8 cases of disease progression and 5 deaths occurred. On multivariate analysis, only posttherapeutic 18F-DOPA WBMB (>7.5) was associated with progression-free survival. |
2 |
| 17. Littooij AS, de Keizer B. Imaging in neuroblastoma. [Review]. Pediatric Radiology. 53(4):783-787, 2023 04. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the crucial role of imaging during the extensive treatment course. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 18. Mhlanga J, Alazraki A, Cho SY, et al. Imaging recommendations in pediatric lymphoma: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 70 Suppl 4:e29968, 2023 06.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 70 Suppl 4:e29968, 2023 06. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are both malignancies originating in the lymphatic system and both affect children, but many features differ considerably impacting work up and management. This manuscript provides consensus-based imaging recommendations for evaluation of patients with HL and NHL at diagnosis and response assessment for both interim and end-of-therapy (follow-up). |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 19. van der Beek JN, Artunduaga M, Schenk JP, et al. Similarities and controversies in imaging of pediatric renal tumors: A SIOP-RTSG and COG collaboration. [Review]. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 70 Suppl 2:e30080, 2023 05. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To summarize current imaging approaches, highlighting differences and similarities within these core international groups, while focusing on future innovative efforts and collaboration within the HARMONICA initiative. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 20. Khanna G, Naranjo A, Hoffer F, et al. Detection of preoperative wilms tumor rupture with CT: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Radiology. 266(2):610-7, 2013 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
70 Wilms tumor cases with rupture; 70 Wilms tumor control without rupture |
To retrospectively determine the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) in identifying the presence or absence of preoperative Wilms tumor rupture. |
The sensitivity and specificity for detecting Wilms tumor rupture were 54% (36 of 67 cases) and 88% (61 of 69 cases), respectively, for reviewer 1 and 70% (47 of 67 cases) and 88% (61 of 69 cases), respectively, for reviewer 2. Interobserver agreement was substantial (? = 0.76). All imaging signs tested, except peritoneal implants, intratumoral hemorrhage, and subcapsular fluid, showed a significant association with rupture (P = .02). The attenuation of ascitic fluid did not have a significant correlation with rupture (P = .9990). Ascites beyond the cul-de-sac was the single best indicator of rupture for both reviewers, followed by perinephric fat stranding and retroperitoneal fluid for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively (P < .01). |
2 |
| 21. Kirchner J, Deuschl C, Schweiger B, et al. Imaging children suffering from lymphoma: an evaluation of different 18F-FDG PET/MRI protocols compared to whole-body DW-MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 44(10):1742-1750, 2017 Sep. |
Observational-Dx |
12 patients with 28 examinations |
The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the diagnostic potential of different PET/MRI reading protocols, entailing non-enhanced / contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted 18F-FDG PET/MR imaging and whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI for lesion detection and determination of the tumor stage in pediatric lymphoma patients. |
PET/MRI correctly identified all 17 examinations with active lymphoma disease, while WB-DW-MRI correctly identified 15/17 examinations. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 95%, and 96% for PET/MRI1; 97%, 96.5%, 97%, 96.5%, and 97% for PET/MRI2; 97%, 96.5%, 97%, 96.5%, and 97% for PET/MRI3 and 77%, 96%, 96%, 78.5% and 86% for MRI-DWI. |
2 |
| 22. Mirza W, McHugh K, Aslam M, et al. CT Pelvis in Children; Should We Routinely Scan Pelvis for Wilms Tumor and Hepatoblastoma? Implications for Imaging Protocol Development. Jcpsp, Journal of the College of Physicians & Surgeons - Pakistan. 25(10):768770-695, 2015 Oct. |
Review/Other-Dx |
60 patients (Wilms tumor = 45, hepatoblastoma = 16) |
To evaluate the impact of abdominopelvic CT on a cohort of European and Asian children with Wilms tumor or hepatoblastoma. |
Higher proportion (44.4%) of metastatic disease was identified at presentation in the Wilms tumor subset as compared to hepatoblastoma (6.3%) [p=0.006]. Metastatic disease was noted in 6 patients having Wilms tumor on follow-up while it was also low in hepatoblastoma which was noted in only 2 patients (p > 0.05). No significant difference was identified in pelvic extension of disease at presentation in both studied population (p > 0.05). Pelvic metastasis was noted in 1 patient only with Wilms tumor on follow-up while no pelvic metastasis was seen in the hepatoblastoma patients (p-value > 0.05). |
4 |
| 23. Lim II, Goldman DA, Farber BA, et al. Image-defined risk factors for nephrectomy in patients undergoing neuroblastoma resection. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 51(6):975-80, 2016 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
380 patients |
Correlate preoperativeradiographic and clinical factors to identify those specifically associated with total or partial nephrectomy during initial neuroblastoma resection. |
Twenty-seven of 380 consecutive patients with CT imaging obtained prior to primary neuroblastoma resection underwent partial or total nephrectomy. On preoperative imaging, renal vessel narrowing and encasement and tumor invasion of the renal hilum, pelvis, and/or parenchyma were present significantly more frequently among patients undergoing nephrectomy. Delayed renal excretion of contrast, hydronephrosis, andtumors with MYCN amplification were also more prevalent in the nephrectomy group. |
4 |
| 24. Voss SD. Staging and following common pediatric malignancies: MRI versus CT versus functional imaging. [Review]. Pediatric Radiology. 48(9):1324-1336, 2018 08. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Review of the imaging techniques and approaches used for diagnosis, staging and early post-treatment response assessment. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 25. Wang Y, Xu Y, Kan Y, Wang W, Yang J. Diagnostic Value of Seven Different Imaging Modalities for Patients with Neuroblastic Tumors: A Network Meta-Analysis. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging. 2021:5333366, 2021. |
Meta-analysis |
1135 patients (32 studies) |
To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the diagnostic value of seven different imaging modalities for the detection of neuroblastic tumors in diverse clinical settings. |
A total of 1135 patients from 32 studies, including 7 different imaging modalities, were eligible for this NMA. In the pairwise meta-analysis, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT had a relatively high value of all the outcomes (sensitivity: 10.195 [5.332-19.493]; specificity: 17.906 [5.950-53.884]; NPV: 16.819 [7.033-40.218]; PPV: 11.154 [4.216-29.512]; and DR 5.616 [3.609-8.739]). In the NMA, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT exhibited relatively high sensitivity in all subgroups (all data: 0.94 [0.87-0.98]; primary tumor: 0.89 [0.53-1]; bone/bone marrow metastases: 0.96 [0.83-1]; and primary tumor and metastases (P + M): 0.92 [0.80-0.97]), the highest specificity in the subgroup of P + M (0.85 [0.61-0.97]), and achieved the highest superiority index in the subgroups of all data (8.57 [1-15]) and P + M (7.25 [1-13]). |
Good |
| 26. Kim HHR, Hull NC, Lee EY, Phillips GS. Pediatric Abdominal Masses: Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations. [Review]. Radiologic Clinics of North America. 60(1):113-129, 2022 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss a practical imaging algorithm for suspected pediatric abdominal masses and to describe typical radiological findings of the commonly encountered abdominal masses in neonates and children with emphasis on imaging guidelines and recommendations. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 27. Wang H, Li T, Chen X, et al. Correlations Between Preoperative Radiographic Vascular Involvement of Abdominal/Pelvic Neuroblastomas on Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Vascular Injuries: Experience From a Tertiary Children's Hospital. Academic Radiology. 30(7):1350-1357, 2023 Jul. |
Review/Other-Dx |
297 patients with abdominal or pelvic neuroblastomas |
To examine the prevalence and occurrence of intraoperative vascular injuries in abdominal or pelvic neuroblastomas.To investigate the correlations between preoperative radiographic vascular involvement on computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative vascular injuries in abdominal or pelvic neuroblastomas. |
A total of 61 patients had intraoperative vascular injuries, among which 76 vessels suffered injuries. Venous injuries (66/76, 86.84%) were more common than arterial injuries (10/76, 13.16%). Moreover, venous injuries frequently occurred in the inferior vena cava (32/66, 48.48%), renal veins (19/66, 28.79%), and iliac veins (8/66, 12.12%). All the injured arteries exhibited a total encasement on preoperative CT, and no injury occurred when the arteries were contacted or partially encased. In total, 87.88% (58/66) of injured veins were flattened with a visible lumen on preoperative CT, whereas only 12.12% (8/66) of the injured veins were flattened with an invisible lumen. |
4 |
| 28. Adams HJ, Kwee TC, Vermoolen MA, Ludwig I, Bierings MB, Nievelstein RA. Whole-body MRI vs. CT for staging lymphoma: patient experience. Eur J Radiol. 2014 Jan;83(1):S0720-048X(13)00539-1. |
Observational-Dx |
36 patients |
To assess and compare patient experience of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to that of computed tomography (CT) for staging newly diagnosed lymphoma. |
Patients reported to be significantly (P = 0.007) less worried before undergoing whole-body MRI compared to CT. Patients also experienced whole-body MRI as significantly (P = 0.010)less unpleasant and felt significantly (P = 0.003) better shortly after the scan. The necessary preparations before CT scanning (i.e. insertion of intravenous line, drinking of contrast fluid), which are not required for whole-body MRI, were reported to be a considerable burden. |
3 |
| 29. Servaes S, Khanna G, Naranjo A, et al. Comparison of diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for abdominal staging of pediatric renal tumors: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatric Radiology. 45(2):166-72, 2015 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
47 girls and 35 boys |
To compare the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for local staging of pediatric renal tumors. |
The sensitivity of CT and MRI for detecting capsular penetration was 68.6% and 62.9%, respectively (P = 0.73), while specificity was 86.5% and 83.8% (P = 1.0). The sensitivity of CT and MRI for detecting lymph node metastasis was 76.5% and 52.9% (P = 0.22), and specificity was 90.4% and 92.3% (P = 1.0). Synchronous contralateral lesions were identified by CT in 4/9 cases and by MRI in 7/9 cases. |
2 |
| 30. Mohd Zaki F, Moineddin R, Grant R, Chavhan GB. Accuracy of pre-contrast imaging in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric oncology patients. Pediatric Radiology. 46(12):1684-1693, 2016 Nov. |
Observational-Dx |
120 children |
To determine the accuracy of pre-contrast abdominal MR imaging for lesion detection and characterization in pediatric oncology patients. |
The overall sensitivity was 88% for the first reader and 90% for the second; specificity was 94% and 91%; positive predictive value was 96% and 94%; negative predictive value was 82% and 84%; accuracy of pre-contrast imaging for lesion detection as compared to the reference standard was 90% for both readers. The difference between mean number of lesions detected on pre-contrast imaging and reference standard was not significant for either reader (reader 1, P = 0.072; reader 2, P = 0.071). There was substantial agreement (kappa values of 0.76 and 0.72 for readers 1 and 2) between pre-contrast imaging and reference standard for determining solid vs. cystic lesion and likely nature of the lesion. The addition of post-contrast imaging increased confidence of both readers significantly (P < 0.0001), but the interobserver agreement for the change in confidence was poor (kappa 0.12). |
2 |
| 31. Kaste SC, Snyder SE, Metzger ML, et al. Comparison of 11C-Methionine and 18F-FDG PET/CT for Staging and Follow-up of Pediatric Lymphoma. J Nucl Med. 2017 Mar;58(3):419-424. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients |
To compare 11C-Methionine and 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging and follow-up of pediatric lymphoma. |
Eighteen patients (11 male; median age, 15.2 y; age range, 9.5-22.6 y) comprised the study cohort. All had paired 11C-MET PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT studies at diagnosis. At baseline, 3 nodal groups demonstrating discordant metabolic activity by both 18F-FDG PET/CT and 11C-MET PET/CT were Waldeyer's ring, paraaortic region, and the liver. All others were found to have concordant metabolic activity. Normal intense 11C-MET uptake in the pancreas and liver reduced sensitivity for disease detection in these regions. At follow-up, 14 of 15 study pairs had concordant results. |
3 |
| 32. Sher AC, Seghers V, Paldino MJ, et al. Assessment of Sequential PET/MRI in Comparison With PET/CT of Pediatric Lymphoma: A Prospective Study. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 206(3):623-31, 2016 Mar.AJR Am J Roentgenol. 206(3):623-31, 2016 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
25 patients |
The objective of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of sequential (18)F-FDG PET/MRI (PET/MRI) and (18)F-FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) in a pediatric cohort with lymphoma for lesion detection, lesion classification, and disease staging; quantification of FDG uptake; and radiation dose. |
No statistically significant differences between PET/MRI and PET/CT were observed in lesion detection rates, lesion classification, or Ann Arbor staging. Fifty-four regions of focal uptake were observed on PET/MRI compared with 55 on PET/CT. Both modalities accurately classified 82% of the lesions relative to the reference standard. Disease staging based on PET/MRI was correct for 35 of the 40 studies, and disease staging based on PET/CT was correct for 35 of the 40 studies; there was substantial agreement between the modalities for disease staging (? = 0.684; p < 0.001). PET SUVs were strongly correlated between PET/CT and PET/MRI (? > 0.72), although PET/MRI showed systematically lower SUV measurements. PET/MRI offered an average 45% reduction in radiation dose relative to PET/CT. |
2 |
| 33. Aghighi M, Pisani LJ, Sun Z, et al. Speeding up PET/MR for cancer staging of children and young adults. Eur Radiol. 2016 Dec;26(12):4239-4248. |
Observational-Dx |
33 patients |
Combining 18F-FDG PET with whole-body MR for paediatric cancer staging is practically feasible if imaging protocols can be streamlined. We compared 18F-FDG PET/STIR with accelerated 18F-FDG PET/FSPGR for whole-body tumour imaging in children and young adults. |
Comparing 18F-FDG PET/FSPGR to 18F-FDG PET/STIR, sensitivities were 99.3 % for both, specificities were statistically equivalent, 99.8 versus 99.9 %, and the agreement with the reference based on Cohen's kappa coefficient was also statistically equivalent, 0.989 versus 0.992. However, the total scan-time for accelerated FSPGR of 19.8 ± 5.3 minutes was significantly shorter compared to 29.0 ± 7.6 minutes for STIR (p = 0.001). |
2 |
| 34. Wang P, Li T, Liu Z, et al. [18F]MFBG PET/CT outperforming [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT in the evaluation of neuroblastoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging. 50(10):3097-3106, 2023 08. |
Review/Other-Dx |
40 patients |
To assess the efficacy of [18F]MFBG PET/CT in the evaluation of neuroblastomas in comparison to [123I]MIBG scans with SPECT/CT. |
Six patients had negative findings on both [123I]MIBG and [18F]MFBG studies. Four of the 34 patients (11.8%) were negative on [123I]MIBG but positive on [18F]MFBG, while 30 patients were positive on both [123I]MIBG and [18F]MFBG studies. In these 34 patients, [18F]MFBG PET/CT identified 784 lesions while [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT detected 532 lesions (p < 0.001). The Curie scores obtained from [18F]MFBG PET/CT (11.32 ± 8.18, range 1-27) were statistically higher (p < 0.001) than those from [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT (7.74 ± 7.52, range 0-26). 30 of 34 patients (88.2%) with active disease on imaging had higher Curie scores based on the [18F]MFBG study than on the [123I]MIBG imaging. |
4 |
| 35. Cerny I, Prasek J, Kasparkova H. Superiority of SPECT/CT over planar 123I-mIBG images in neuroblastoma patients with impact on Curie and SIOPEN score values. Nuclear-Medizin. 55(4):151-7, 2016 Aug 05. |
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| 36. Bardi E, Csoka M, Garai I, et al. Value of FDG-PET/CT examinations in different cancers of children, focusing on lymphomas. Pathol Oncol Res. 20(1):139-43, 2014 Jan. |
Review/Other-Dx |
86 children |
To assess sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT in different forms of childhood cancer. |
Imaging was performed in three FDG-PET/CT Laboratories, using dedicated PET/CT scanners. False positive results were defined as resolution or absence of disease progression over at least 1 year on FDG-PET/CT scans without any intervention. In some cases histopathological evaluation of suspicious lesions was performed. Fals negative results were defined as negative FDG-PET/CT results in case of active malignancy. Positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. NPV was 100%. The highest PPV was observed in high grade solid tumors (81%), followed by HL (65%) and NHL (61%). There was a major difference of PPV in different histological types of HL (50% in HL of mixed-cellularity subtype, 90% in nodular sclerosing, and 100% in lymphocyte-rich and lymphocyte depleted HL). We treated one patient with nodular lymphocyte predominant HL, who had 5 false positive FDG-PET/CT results. PPV of T- and B-lineage NHL were similar (60% and 62%, respectively). We observed an interesting difference of PPV in different stages of HL and NHL. In HL PPV was higher in early than in advanced disease forms: 66% in stage II HL and 60% in stage III HL, whereas there was an inverse relationship between PPV and disease stages in NHL 0% in stage I and II patients, 67% in stage III and 100% in stage IV patients. PPV was lower in males (54%) than in females (65%). PPV were 64% vs. 58% in patients under vs. over 10 years of age. |
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| 37. Choi YJ, Hwang HS, Kim HJ, et al. (18)F-FDG PET as a single imaging modality in pediatric neuroblastoma: comparison with abdomen CT and bone scintigraphy. Annals of Nuclear Medicine. 28(4):304-13, 2014 May. |
Observational-Dx |
30 patients with primary neuroblastoma |
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) as a single imaging agent in neuroblastoma in comparison with other imaging modalities. |
Tumor FDG uptake was detected in 29 of 30 patients with primary neuroblastoma. On initial FDG PET, SUVmax of primary lesions were lower in early stage (I-II) than in late stage (III-IV) (3.03 vs. 5.45, respectively, p = 0.019). FDG PET was superior to CT scan in detecting distant lymph nodes (23 vs. 18 from 23 lymph nodes). FDG PET showed higher accuracy to identify bone metastases than BS both on patient-based analyses (100 vs. 94.4 % in sensitivity, 100 vs. 77.8 % in specificity), and on lesion-based analyses (FDG PET: 203 lesions, BS: 86 lesions). Sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET to detect recurrence were 87.5 % and 93.8, respectively. |
2 |
| 38. Uslu L, Donig J, Link M, Rosenberg J, Quon A, Daldrup-Link HE. Value of 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT for evaluation of pediatric malignancies. [Review]. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 56(2):274-86, 2015 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To synthesize the current literature on 18F-FDG PET/CT for tumor staging in children, summarizing questions that have been solved and providing an outlook on unsolved avenues. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 39. Liu CJ, Lu MY, Liu YL, et al. Risk Stratification of Pediatric Patients With Neuroblastoma Using Volumetric Parameters of 18F-FDG and 18F-DOPA PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2017 Mar;42(3):e142-e148. |
Observational-Dx |
25 children |
This study determined the prognostic value of volumetric parameters derived from pretreatment F-FDG and F-DOPA PET/CT of neuroblastoma and their correlation with clinical and histopathologic features. |
The median follow-up period was 28.2 months. Nonsurvivors (20%) tended to have lower SUVDOPA, DTV, and TLDA (P = 0.05), and higher SUVFDG, MTV, and TLG (all P < 0.05). Lower F-DOPA uptake is associated with bone marrow and lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). Higher F-FDG uptake is associated with MYCN amplification (all P < 0.05) and anatomic invasive features of tumors such as vascular encasement or adjacent organ invasion (TLG, P = 0.05). Only volumetric indices (DTV, TLDA, MTV, and TLG) significantly differed among risk groups (all P < 0.05). |
3 |
| 40. Cerci JJ, Etchebehere EC, Nadel H, et al. Is True Whole-Body 18F-FDG PET/CT Required in Pediatric Lymphoma? An IAEA Multicenter Prospective Study. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 60(8):1087-1093, 2019 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
305 patients |
To evaluate the incidence and clinical impact of lesions outside the "eyes to thighs" regular field of view (R-FOV) in 18F-FDG PET/CT staging (sPET) and interim (iPET) scans in pediatric lymphoma patients. |
A total of 610 scans were obtained in 305 patients. The sPET scans did not show lesions outside the R-FOV in 91.8% of the patients, whereas in 8.2% patients the sPET scans demonstrated lesions also outside the R-FOV (soft tissue, bone, bone marrow, and skin); however, the presence of these lesions did not change the clinical stage of any patient and did not affect treatment decision. Among the 305 iPET scans, there were no new positive 18F-FDG-avid lesions outside the R-FOV, when compared with their paired sPET scans. A single lesion outside the R-FOV on iPET occurred in 1 patient (0.3%), with the primary lesion diagnosed in the femur on sPET that persisted on iPET. |
4 |
| 41. Sung AJ, Weiss BD, Sharp SE, Zhang B, Trout AT. Prognostic significance of pretreatment 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in pediatric neuroblastoma. Pediatric Radiology. 51(8):1400-1405, 2021 Jul. |
Review/Other-Dx |
55 |
To explorer the prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET in newly diagnosed neuroblastic tumors. |
Fifty-five children were included, with a median age of 2.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.8-3.0 years). SUVmax, tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis were higher in MYCN-amplified tumors (P=0.012, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, respectively) and in higher International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) stages (P=0.0008, P=0.0017, P=0.0017, respectively). After adjusting for age, tumor SUVmax (P=0.028) and SUVmean (P=0.045) were associated with overall survival. An SUVmax threshold of 4.77 (P=0.028) best predicted overall survival, with median overall survival of 2,604 days (SUVmax>4.77) vs. >2,957 days (SUVmax=4.77). No PET parameters were independently significantly associated with overall survival or event-free survival after controlling for MYCN status, stage or treatment risk stratification. |
4 |
| 42. Li Z, Li C, Chen B, et al. FDG-PET/CT versus bone marrow biopsy in bone marrow involvement in newly diagnosed paediatric lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [Review]. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 16(1):482, 2021 Aug 09. |
Meta-analysis |
9 studies |
Prompt diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in newly diagnosed paediatric lymphoma patients is critical but can be very challenging at present. |
The pooled sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT for diagnosing BMI in newly diagnosed paediatric lymphoma patients were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93 to 0.99) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99), respectively. The pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 79.9 (95% CI, 42.7 to 149.6), 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.17), and 2414.6 (95% CI, 989.6 to 5891.4), respectively. The AUC of FDG-PET/CT for BMI was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.00). Compared with FDG-PET/CT, BMB had a lower pooled sensitivity (0.44, 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.55) and comparable pooled specificity (1.00, 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.00). |
Good |
