| 1. Sulieman A, Salah H, Rabbaa M, et al. Assessment of male patients' average glandular dose during mammography procedure. Applied Radiation & Isotopes. 193:110626, 2023 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
42 male patients |
To quantify patient doses during a male mammogram and estimate the projected radiogenic risk during the procedure. |
In total, 42 male patients were undergone mammogram for breast cancer diagnosis during two consecutive years. The mean and range of patient age (years) is 45 (23–80). The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the peak tube potential and tube current time product are 28.64 ± 2. and 149 ± 35.1, respectively. The mean, and range of patients' entrance surface air kerma (ESAK, mGy) per single breast procedure was 5.3 (0.47–27.5). Male patient's received comparable radiation dose per mammogram compared to female procedures. |
4 |
| 2. Elimimian EB, Elson L, Li H, et al. Male Breast Cancer: A Comparative Analysis from the National Cancer Database. World J Mens Health 2021;39:506-15. |
Review/Other-Dx |
2.7 million patients |
To describe clinicopathologic characteristics among male and female BC patients and differences in overall survival (OS) through the National Cancer Database over 13 years (2004-2016). |
Among the ~2.7 million BC patients, 9 per 1,000 BCs were in males, the rate remained similar over time. The mean (SD) age was 64.9±13.0 years for males and 60.7±13.6 years for females. Most of the male BC cases were white (non-Hispanic) (n=19,015 [80.2%]), clinical stage I (n=7,353 [32.1%]) or stage II disease (n=7,923 [34.6%]), and tumors were moderate or poorly differentiated (84.5%). Males exhibited more comorbidities, presented with a larger proportion of disease, and decreased OS (p<0.005) than females. Male OS was >10% lower at 5-years and nearly 20% lower at 10-years for males. More males had primary BC tumors under the nipple; the 10-year OS rate for this site was 48.8%. |
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| 3. Hassett MJ, Somerfield MR, Baker ER, et al. Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 38(16):1849-1863, 2020 06 01. |
Review/Other-Dx |
26 reports |
To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer. |
Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Breast magnetic resonance imaging is not recommended routinely. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer. |
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| 4. American Cancer Society. Key Statistics for Breast Cancer in Men. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/key-statistics.html. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide key statistics for breast cancer in men. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 5. Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin 2024;74:12-49. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2020) and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2021). In 2024, 2,001,140 new cancer cases and 611,720 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer mortality continued to decline through 2021, averting over 4 million deaths since 1991 because of reductions in smoking, earlier detection for some cancers, and improved treatment options in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. However, these gains are threatened by increasing incidence for 6 of the top 10 cancers. Incidence rates increased during 2015-2019 by 0.6%-1% annually for breast, pancreas, and uterine corpus cancers and by 2%-3% annually for prostate, liver (female), kidney, and human papillomavirus-associated oral cancers and for melanoma. Incidence rates also increased by 1%-2% annually for cervical (ages 30-44 years) and colorectal cancers (ages <55 years) in young adults. Colorectal cancer was the fourth-leading cause of cancer death in both men and women younger than 50 years in the late-1990s but is now first in men and second in women. Progress is also hampered by wide persistent cancer disparities; compared to White people, mortality rates are two-fold higher for prostate, stomach and uterine corpus cancers in Black people and for liver, stomach, and kidney cancers in Native American people. Continued national progress will require increased investment in cancer prevention and access to equitable treatment, especially among American Indian and Alaska Native and Black individuals. |
No results stated in abstract. |
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| 6. Niell BL, Lourenco AP, Moy L, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Evaluation of the Symptomatic Male Breast. J Am Coll Radiol 2018;15:S313-S20. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for symptomatic male breast. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 7. Leone J, Hassett MJ, Freedman RA, et al. Mortality Risks Over 20 Years in Men With Stage I to III Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. JAMA Oncol 2024;10:508-15. |
Observational-Dx |
2836 men with stage I to III HR+ breast cancer |
To report 20-year risks of breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) and non-BCSM in men with stage I to III HR+ breast cancer and identify factors associated with late BCSM. |
A total of 2836 men with stage I to III HR+ breast cancer were included, with a median follow-up of 15.41 (IQR, 12.08-18.67) years. Median age at diagnosis was 67 (IQR, 57-76) years. The cumulative 20-year risk of BCSM was 12.4% for stage I, 26.2% for stage II, and 46.0% for stage III. Smoothed annual hazard estimates for BCSM revealed an increase in late hazard rates with each incremental node category, reaching a bimodal distribution in N3 and stage III, with each having peaks in hazard rates at 4 and 11 years. Among patients who survived 5 years from diagnosis, the adjusted BCSM risk was higher for those younger than 50 years vs older than 64 years, those with grade II or III/IV vs grade I tumors, and stage II or III vs stage I disease. |
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| 8. Woods RW, Salkowski LR, Elezaby M, Burnside ES, Strigel RM, Fowler AM. Image-based screening for men at high risk for breast cancer: Benefits and drawbacks. [Review]. Clinical Imaging. 60(1):84-89, 2020 Mar. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
To review the benefits and drawbacks of image-based screening for men at high risk for breast cancer |
No results listed in abstract. |
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| 9. Cardoso F, Bartlett JMS, Slaets L, et al. Characterization of male breast cancer: results of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program. Ann Oncol 2018;29:405-17. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1822 patients |
The International Male BC Program aims to better characterize and manage this disease. |
Of 1822 patients enrolled, 1483 were analyzed; 63.5% were diagnosed between 2001 and 2010, 57 (5.1%) had metastatic disease (M1). Median age at diagnosis: 68.4 years. Of 1054 M0 cases, 56.2% were node-negative (N0) and 48.5% had T1 tumors; 4% had breast conserving surgery (BCS), 18% sentinel lymph-node biopsy; half received adjuvant radiotherapy; 29.8% (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and 76.8% adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), mostly tamoxifen (88.4%). Per central pathology, for M0 tumors: 84.8% ductal invasive carcinomas, 51.5% grade 2; 99.3% estrogen receptor (ER)-positive; 81.9% progesterone receptor (PR)-positive; 96.9% androgen receptor (AR)-positive [ER, PR or AR Allred score =3]; 61.1% Ki67 expression low (<14% positive cells); using immunohistochemistry (IHC) surrogates, 41.9% were Luminal-A-like, 48.6% Luminal-B-like/HER-2-negative, 8.7% HER-2-positive, 0.3% triple negative. Median follow-up: 8.2 years (0.0-23.8) for all, 7.2 years (0.0-23.2), for M0, 2.6 years (0.0-12.7) for M1 patients. A significant improvement over time was observed in age-corrected BC mortality. BC-specific-mortality was higher for men younger than 50 years. Better overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were observed for highly ER+ (P = 0.001), highly PR+ (P = 0.002), highly AR+ disease (P = 0.019). There was no association between OS/RFS and HER-2 status, Ki67, IHC subtypes nor grade. |
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| 10. Doebar SC, Slaets L, Cardoso F, et al. Male breast cancer precursor lesions: analysis of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program. Mod Pathol. 30(4):509-518, 2017 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1328 male patients |
The aim of our study was to describe the presence of precursor lesions adjacent to invasive male breast cancer, in order to increase our understanding of carcinogenesis in these patients |
A substantial proportion (46.2%) of patients with invasive breast cancer also had an adjacent precursor lesion, mainly ductal carcinoma in situ (97.9%). The presence of lobular carcinoma in situ and columnar cell-like lesions were very low (<1%). In the subset of invasive breast cancer cases with adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ (n=83), a complete concordance was observed between the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status of both components. Next generation sequencing on a subset of cases with invasive breast cancer and adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ (n=4) showed identical genomic aberrations, including PIK3CA, GATA3, TP53, and MAP2K4 mutations. Next generation sequencing on a subset of cases with invasive breast cancer and an adjacent columnar cell-like lesion showed genomic concordance in two out of three patients. A multivariate Cox model for survival showed a trend that the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ was associated with a better overall survival, in particular in the Luminal B HER2+ subgroup. |
4 |
| 11. Medscape. Breast Cancer in Men Overview of Male Breast Cancer. Diagnosis. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1954174-overview#a3. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 12. Gao Y, Goldberg JE, Young TK, Babb JS, Moy L, Heller SL. Breast Cancer Screening in High-Risk Men: A 12-year Longitudinal Observational Study of Male Breast Imaging Utilization and Outcomes. Radiology. 293(2):282-291, 2019 11. |
Observational-Dx |
1869 men |
To evaluate patterns of male breast imaging utilization, to determine high-risk screening outcomes, and to delineate risk factors associated with cancer diagnosis. |
A total of 1869 men (median age, 55 years; range, 18-96 years) underwent 2052 examinations yielding 2304 breast lesions and resulting in 149 (6.5%) biopsies in 133 men; 41 (27.5%) were malignant and 108 (72.5%) were benign. There were 1781 (86.8%) diagnostic and 271 (13.2%) screening examinations. All men undergoing screening had personal or family history of breast cancer and/or genetic mutations. There was a significant increase in the number of examinations in men relative to the number of examinations in women over time (Spearman correlation, r = 0.85; P < .001). Five node-negative cancers resulted from screening mammography, yielding a cancer detection rate of 18 per 1000 examinations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7, 41), with cancers diagnosed on average after 4 person-years of screening (range, 1-10 person-years). Mammographic screening sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of biopsy were 100% (95% CI: 50%, 100%), 95.0% (95% CI: 93.1%, 98%), and 50% (95% CI: 22.2%, 77.8%). Older age (P < .001), Ashkenazi descent (P < .001), genetic mutations (P = .006), personal history (P < .001), and first-degree family history (P = .03) were associated with breast cancer. Non-first-degree family history was not associated with cancer (P = .09). |
3 |
| 13. Gao Y, Heller SL, Moy L. Male Breast Cancer in the Age of Genetic Testing: An Opportunity for Early Detection, Tailored Therapy, and Surveillance. Radiographics 2018;38:1289-311. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review male breast cancer demographics, risk factors, tumor biology, and oncogenetics;recognizes how male breast cancer differs from its female counterpart;highlights its diagnostic challenges;discusses the implications of the widening clinical use of multigene panel testing;outlines current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (version 1, 2018) for high-risk men;and explores the possible utility of targeted screening and surveillance. |
No results in abstract. |
4 |
| 14. Medscape. Breast Cancer in Men Overview of Male Breast Cancer. Treatment and Follow-up. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1954174-overview#a4. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 15. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Breast Cancer. Version 1.2024. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 16. Yadav S, Sangaralingham L, Payne SR, et al. Surveillance mammography after treatment for male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research & Treatment. 194(3):693-698, 2022 Aug. |
Review/Other-Dx |
729 male patients |
To identify the practice patterns related to use of surveillance mammography in male breast cancer (MaBC) survivors. |
Out of 729 total MaBC survivors, 209 (29%) underwent mammography within 13 months after surgery. Among those who had lumpectomy, 41% underwent mammography, whereas among those who had mastectomy, 27% had mammography. Amongst 526 men who maintained consistent insurance coverage for 24 months after surgery, 215 (41%) underwent mammography at least once during that 24-month period. In this cohort, the proportion who had at least one mammogram during the 24-month period was 49% after lumpectomy and 40% after mastectomy. In a multivariate logistic regression model, more recent diagnosis (2015+) and older age at diagnosis were associated with lower odds of undergoing mammography, while receipt of radiation was associated with higher odds of undergoing mammography. |
4 |
| 17. Brown A, Lourenco AP, Niell BL, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Transgender Breast Cancer Screening. J Am Coll Radiol 2021;18:S502-S15. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for transgender breast cancer screening. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 18. Niell BL, Jochelson MS, Amir T, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Female Breast Cancer Screening: 2023 Update. J Am Coll Radiol 2024;21:S126-S43. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for female breast cancer screening. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 19. Gaddam S, Heller SL, Babb JS, Gao Y. Male Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Screening Recommendations in High-Risk Men Who Undergo Genetic Counseling and Multigene Panel Testing. Clinical Breast Cancer. 21(1):e74-e79, 2021 02. |
Review/Other-Dx |
414 men |
To evaluate current screening recommendations as a risk management strategy in men at elevated risk for breast cancer. |
A total of 414 asymptomatic men underwent both genetic counseling and MGPT (mean age, 47 years; range, 18-91 years) for breast cancer risk assessment. Of this group, 18 (4.3%) of 414 had a personal history of breast cancer, and 159 (38.4%) of 414 had a family history of breast cancer before MGPT. Among 112 men with positive MGPT results, BRCA1/2 mutations were the most common (56.3%, 63/112). Most BRCA mutation carriers (80.9%, 51/63) were recommended clinical breast examination only. Only 5.9% (2/34) BRCA2 and 10.3% (3/29) BRCA1 carriers were recommended screening mammograms (7.9%, 5/63 of all BRCA carriers). Among men with a personal history of breast cancer, only 9 (50%) of 18 were recommended screening mammograms. Overall adherence to screening mammogram in men was 71.4% (10/14), which ultimately yielded two cancers. Breast cancer screening recommendations varied widely among practitioners, with some recommending clinical breast examination only, and others also recommending mammography. |
4 |
| 20. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Cancer.Net. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/hereditary-breast-and-ovarian-cancer. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 21. American Cancer Society. About Breast Cancer in Men. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8584.00.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
NA |
No abstract available. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 22. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; Committee on National Statistics; Committee on Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. In: Becker T, Chin M, Bates N, eds. Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) Copyright 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.; 2022. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Sex and gender are often conflated under the assumptions that they are mutually determined and do not differ from each other; however, the growing visibility of transgender and intersex populations, as well as efforts to improve the measurement of sex and gender across many scientific fields, has demonstrated the need to reconsider how sex, gender, and the relationship between them are conceptualized. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
| 23. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/americancoldf5f-acrorgf92a-productioncb02-3650/media/ACR/Files/Clinical/Appropriateness-Criteria/ACR-Appropriateness-Criteria-Radiation-Dose-Assessment-Introduction.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
