| 1. Langhout R, Weir A, Litjes W, et al. Hip and groin injury is the most common non-time-loss injury in female amateur football. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019;27:3133-41. |
Review/Other-Dx |
434 Dutch female amateur football players |
To examine the within-season (2014-2015) prevalence of total injury with and without time-loss in female amateur football players. The second aim was to study the within-season and preseason (2015-2016) prevalence of hip/groin injuries with and without time-loss. The third aim was to study the association between the duration of hip and groin injury in the 2014-2015 season and the severity of hip/groin problems during the 2015-2016 preseason. |
The hip/groin (17%), knee (14%), and ankle (12%) were the most frequent non-time-loss injury locations. The ankle (22%), knee (18%), hamstring (11%), thigh (10%), and hip/groin (9%) were the most common time-loss injury locations. The previous season prevalence of total injury was 93%, of which non-time-loss injury was 63% and time-loss injury was 37%. The prevalence of hip/groin injury was 40%, non-time-loss hip/groin injury was 36% and time-loss hip/groin injury was 11%. The preseason prevalence of hip/groin injury was 27%, non-time-loss hip/groin injury was 25%, and time-loss hip/groin injury was 4%. Players with longstanding hip/groin injury (> 28 days) in the previous season had lower HAGOS scores at the next preseason than players with short-term (1-7 days) or no hip/groin injury (p < 0.001). From all players with hip/groin injury from the previous season, 52% also sustained hip/groin injury in the following preseason, of which 73% were recurrent and 27% were chronic hip/groin injuries. |
4 |
| 2. Thorborg K, Rathleff MS, Petersen P, Branci S, Holmich P. Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub-elite male football: a cross-sectional cohort study of 695 players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017;27:107-14. |
Review/Other-Dx |
695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1-4) were included |
To investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub-elite male adult football in Denmark and to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. |
Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July-Sept 2011) a self-reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45-52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26-36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. |
4 |
| 3. Cecchi F, Mannoni A, Molino-Lova R, et al. Epidemiology of hip and knee pain in a community based sample of Italian persons aged 65 and older. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008;16:1039-46. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1006 participants (564 women and 442 men, age 75.2+/-7.1) |
To describe prevalence, characteristics and correlates of hip pain (HP) and knee pain (KP) in an Italian community based cohort aged 65 and older (65+). |
HP was reported by 11.9% participants, while 22.4% reported KP and 7.2% both conditions. Climbing/descending stairs and walking were the activities eliciting more severe pain in either condition. Average WPSs were 5.6+/-3.5 for HP and 5.4+/-10.4 for KP. Both HP and KP were related to back pain, reduced hip abduction, reduced muscle power and increased trunk flexibility. HP was also related to KP and poor self-rated health (SRH), while KP to HP, foot pain, high body mass index, reduced knee passive flexion and knee extension torque, low education. |
4 |
| 4. Christmas C, Crespo CJ, Franckowiak SC, Bathon JM, Bartlett SJ, Andersen RE. How common is hip pain among older adults? Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Fam Pract 2002;51:345-8. |
Review/Other-Dx |
6596 adults aged 60 years and older |
To determine the incidence of self-reported significant hip pain using a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. |
A total of 14.3% of participants aged 60 years and older reported significant hip pain on most days over the past 6 weeks. Men reported hip pain less frequently than women. Age did not influence self-reported hip pain in men. The lowest prevalence of hip pain was found in women aged 60 to 70 years. Sixteen percent of non-Hispanic white women reported hip pain, compared with 14.8% of black women and 19.3% of Mexican American women. Among non-Hispanic white men, 12.4% reported hip pain, a proportion no different from that of their black and Mexican American male counterparts. Among older US adults, 18.4% of those who had not participated in leisure time physical activity during the previous month reported severe hip pain; 12.6% of those who did engage in physical activity reported hip pain. |
4 |
| 5. Blankenbaker DG, Tuite MJ. The painful hip: new concepts. Skeletal Radiol. 2006;35(6):352-370. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the normal MR anatomy of the hip and the imaging findings of internal derangements, snapping hip, and femoral acetabular impingement; to describe the role of MR arthrography in evaluating the patient with suspected labral and articular cartilage abnormalities, as well as the pitfalls in interpretation; to review the causes of a snapping hip, and the role of sonography in evaluating and guiding treatment of the snapping iliopsoas tendon; and, to review the radiographic and MRI signs of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), a cause of early degenerative joint disease and hip pain. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 6. Byrd JW. Evaluation of the hip: history and physical examination. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2007;2(4):231-240. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To present a systematic examination process that outlines important components in each of the evaluation areas of history and physical examination (including inspection, measurements, symptom localization, muscle strength, and special tests). |
Using a thoughtful approach and methodical examination techniques, most hip joint problems can be detected. A proper treatment strategy can then be implemented including the role of conservative measures and interventional methods based on an accurate diagnosis. |
4 |
| 7. Suarez JC, Ely EE, Mutnal AB, et al. Comprehensive approach to the evaluation of groin pain. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21(9):558-570. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of groin pain. |
A comprehensive history and physical examination can guide the evaluation of groin pain. |
4 |
| 8. Saito J, Ohtori S, Kishida S, et al. Difficulty of diagnosing the origin of lower leg pain in patients with both lumbar spinal stenosis and hip joint osteoarthritis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(25):2089-2093. |
Review/Other-Dx |
420 patients |
To present the difficulty of diagnosing the origin of lower leg pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and hip joint arthritis. |
Leg pain did not resolve after lumbar surgery in all patients. Conservative treatment was not effective from 6 to 12 months, so ultimately we performed ipsilateral total hip replacement for all patients and they became symptom-free. |
4 |
| 9. Bestic JM, Wessell DE, Beaman FD, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Primary Bone Tumors. J Am Coll Radiol 2020;17:S226-S38. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for primary bone tumors. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 10. Jacobson JA, Roberts CC, Bencardino JT, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Chronic Extremity Joint Pain-Suspected Inflammatory Arthritis. J Am Coll Radiol 2017;14:S81-S89. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for chronic extremity joint pain. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 11. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: Osteonecrosis of the Hip. Available at: https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69420/Narrative/. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
Evidence-based guidelines to assist referring physicians and other providers in making the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for osteonecrosis of the hip. |
N/A |
4 |
| 12. Taljanovic MS, Hunter TB, Fitzpatrick KA, Krupinski EA, Pope TL. Musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging: importance of radiography. Skeletal Radiol. 2003;32(7):403-411. |
Observational-Dx |
1,030 MSK MRI studies were performed in 1,002 patients |
To determine the usefulness of radiography for interpretation of musculoskeletal (MSK) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. |
Radiographs were essential, very important or added information in 61-75% of all MSK MRI cases. Radiographs were judged as essential for reading of MRI studies more often for trauma, infection/inflammation and tumors than for degenerative and miscellaneous/normal diagnoses (chi(2)=60.95, df=16, P<0.0001). The clinical information was rated as "essential" or "useful" significantly more often than not (chi(2)=93.07, df=16, P<0.0001). The clinical and MRI diagnoses were the same or partially concordant significantly more often for tumors than for trauma, infection/inflammation and degenerative conditions, while in the miscellaneous/normal group they were different in 64% of cases. When the diagnoses were different, there were more instances in which radiographs were not available. |
3 |
| 13. Jacobson JA, Bedi A, Sekiya JK, Blankenbaker DG. Evaluation of the painful athletic hip: imaging options and imaging-guided injections. [Review]. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(3):516-24, 2012 Sep. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review diagnostic imaging tests and injections that provide important information for clinical management of patients with sports-related hip pain. |
In the evaluation of sports-related hip symptoms, MR arthrography is often used to evaluate intraarticular pathology of the hip. The addition of short- and long-acting anesthetic agents with the MR arthrography injection adds additional information that can distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic imaging findings. Osseous abnormalities can be characterized with radiography, MRI, or CT. Ultrasound is important in the assessment of iliopsoas abnormalities, including tendon snapping, and to guide diagnostic anesthetic injection. |
4 |
| 14. Newberg AH, Newman JS. Imaging the painful hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;(406):19-28. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review imaging of hip pain. |
By combining conventional MRI with capsular distention afforded by arthrography, MRA has become the imaging examination of choice for disorders of the acetabular labrum and for the evaluation of articular cartilage at the hip. |
4 |
| 15. Peat G, Croft P, Hay E. Clinical assessment of the osteoarthritis patient. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2001;15(4):527-544. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To explore some of the practical implications of assessing the clinical syndrome of osteoarthritis as a chronic regional pain disorder and to examine some of the evidence available to judge its usefulness. |
The usefulness of assessing clinical osteoarthritis as a regional pain disorder is uncertain. Even if this were demonstrated, the concept of osteoarthritis as a structural disease should be retained as an integral part. |
4 |
| 16. Christie-Large M, Tapp MJ, Theivendran K, James SL. The role of multidetector CT arthrography in the investigation of suspected intra-articular hip pathology. Br J Radiol. 2010;83(994):861-867. |
Observational-Dx |
96 patients |
To evaluate the role of multidetector CT (MDCT) arthrography in the diagnosis of intra-articular hip pathology. |
We detected 28 labral tears (24 anterior, 2 anterolateral, 1 lateral and 1 posterolateral). An abnormal labral-chondral transitional zone was seen in 9 patients and 4 patients had surface labral fraying. We identified three paralabral cysts. Acetabular cartilage loss was detected in 45 and femoral cartilage loss in 9 patients. An abnormal anterior femoral head and neck junction was present in 18 hips and fibrocystic change in 8. Acetabular retroversion was present in 11 hips. 63 sets of patient notes were reviewed, of which 49 were in-patients with abnormal MDCT arthrogram findings. Surgical correlation was available in 27 patients. There was a discrepancy between the findings of a labral tear in one patient (false negative, 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity) and the presence of acetabular cartilage loss (88% sensitivity and 100% specificity) and femoral cartilage loss (94% sensitivity and 100% specificity) in three patients |
3 |
| 17. Jung JY, Kim GU, Lee HJ, Jang EC, Song IS, Ha YC. Diagnostic value of ultrasound and computed tomographic arthrography in diagnosing anterosuperior acetabular labral tears. Arthroscopy. 2013;29(11):1769-1776. |
Observational-Dx |
36 hips; 34 patients |
To investigate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound as well as the computed tomography arthrography (CTA) findings and arthroscopic findings for the diagnosis of anterosuperior acetabular tear and correlated tear types using the Lage classification system on ultrasound and CTA compared with the arthroscopic findings. |
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for sonographic detection of labral tear before injection/after injection were 58%/79%, 67%/58%, and 61%/72%, respectively, for observer 1 and 75%/92%, 25%/42%, and 58%/75%, respectively, for observer 2. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for CTA detection of labral tears were 96%, 92%, and 94%, respectively, for observer 1 and 88%, 92%, and 89%, respectively, for observer 2. When the sonographic classification was compared with the arthroscopic findings of observer 1 and observer 2, the accuracy before injection/after injection was only 53%/67% and 58%/75%, respectively. The accuracy of morphologic classification of CTA and arthroscopic findings of observer 1 and observer 2 was 83% and 75%, respectively. Interobserver correlation before injection and at CTA was poor (kappa = 0.056) and moderate (kappa = 0.642), respectively. |
2 |
| 18. Perdikakis E, Karachalios T, Katonis P, Karantanas A. Comparison of MR-arthrography and MDCT-arthrography for detection of labral and articular cartilage hip pathology. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(11):1441-1447. |
Experimental-Dx |
14 hips of 10 patients |
To compare the diagnostic ability of MR arthrography (MRa) and MDCT arthrography (CTa) in depicting surgically proven hip labral tears and articular cartilage degradation. |
Disagreement between the senior observer and the fellow observer was recorded in three cases of labral tearing with MRa and six with CTa. Disagreement was also found in four cases of cartilage erosion with both MRa and CTa. The percent sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value for correctly assessing the labral tear were as follows for MRa/CTa, respectively: 100/15, 50/13, 90/14, and 90/13 (P < 0.05). The same values for cartilage assessment were 63/66, 33/40, 50/57 and 55/66 (P > 0.05). |
2 |
| 19. Adler RS, Buly R, Ambrose R, Sculco T. Diagnostic and therapeutic use of sonography-guided iliopsoas peritendinous injections. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185(4):940-943. |
Review/Other-Dx |
39 patients |
To describe the authors' experience using sonography guidance to perform therapeutic injections of the iliopsoas bursa. |
US-guided iliopsoas bursal/peritendinous injections are useful in determining the cause of hip pain. They can provide relief to most patients with iliopsoas tendinosis/bursitis after hip replacement. The results of injection alone are not as successful in cases of idiopathic iliopsoas tendinosis/bursitis, but the technique can help determine which patients may benefit from a surgical tendon release. |
4 |
| 20. Berquist TH. Diagnostic and therapeutic injections as an aid to musculoskeletal diagnosis. Semin intervent Radiol 1993;10:326-43. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss indications for studies and techniques that can be applied to musculoskeletal problems in the extremities and pelvis. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 21. Byrd JW, Jones KS. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography, and intra-articular injection in hip arthroscopy patients. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(7):1668-1674. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these methods. |
Hip abnormality was clinically suspected in all cases with 98% accuracy (1 false positive). However, the nature of the abnormality was identified in only 13 cases with 92% accuracy. Magnetic resonance imaging variously demonstrated direct or indirect evidence of abnormality but overall demonstrated a 42% false-negative and a 10% false-positive interpretation. Magnetic resonance arthrography demonstrated an 8% false-negative and 20% false-positive interpretation. Response to the intra-articular injection of anesthetic was 90% accurate (3 false-negative and 1 false-positive responses) for detecting the presence of intra-articular abnormality. |
3 |
| 22. Migliore A, Tormenta S, Lagana B, et al. Safety of intra-articular hip injection of hyaluronic acid products by ultrasound guidance: an open study from ANTIAGE register. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(13):1752-1759. |
Observational-Tx |
1,906 patients |
To report in an extended series of patients the safety of eveloped a standardized technique for ultrasound guided intra-articular injection of the hip joint with the purpose of extending routine intra-articular injection of hyaluronans and steroids to the hip, as commonly used in the knee. |
The standardised technique was used to inject 1906 patients with 4002 injections of hyaluronan products over a four-year period. The treatment was well tolerated with few, and exclusively local, side effects. |
2 |
| 23. Westacott DJ, Minns JI, Foguet P. The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in gluteal tendon tears--a systematic review. Hip Int 2011;21:637-45. |
Meta-analysis |
7 studies |
To systematically review the peer-reviewed literature to establish the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gluteal tendon tears in patients with persistent lateral hip pain or Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS). |
MRI had sensitivity of 33-100%, specificity of 92-100%, positive predictive value of 71-100% and negative predictive value of 50%. False-positives were common. High signal located superior to the trochanter had a stronger association with tears. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 79-100% and positive predictive value of 95-100%. |
M |
| 24. Oehler N, Ruby JK, Strahl A, Maas R, Ruether W, Niemeier A. Hip abductor tendon pathology visualized by 1.5 versus 3. 0 Tesla MRIs. Archives of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery. 140(2):145-153, 2020 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
1000 hips |
To describe the prevalence of peritrochanteric abductor tendon and bursa pathologies in relation to intraarticular hip joint pathology in an unselected population of 500 consecutive patients who have undergone standardized 1.5 or 3.0-T pelvic MRI for various reasons. |
Peritrochanteric lesions were observed with a prevalence of 31.4% of all patients (22.3% of all hips). TB occurred almost exclusively in the presence of GMed/GMin tendinopathies. Compared to overall prevalence, patients with MA displayed lesions of GMed/GMin or TB in 70%, patients, with OA in 30% and with JE in 23%. These lesions occurred significantly more often ipsilateral to MA and OA than contralateral (MA: 76.8% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001; OA: 64.4% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.03; JE: 62.7% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.08). Significantly more tendon lesions, in particular specific radiological diagnoses like partial/full-thickness tears, were detected by 3.0-T MRI than by 1.5 T (p = 0.019). |
2 |
| 25. Bencardino JT, Mellado JM. Hamstring injuries of the hip. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):677-690, vi. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review role of MRI in the diagnosis of hamstring injuries of the hip. |
MRI may provide accurate information with regard to the site, grade, and prognosis of hamstring lesions. |
4 |
| 26. Bordalo-Rodrigues M, Rosenberg ZS. MR imaging of the proximal rectus femoris musculotendinous unit. [Review] [19 refs]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 13(4):717-25, 2005 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the role of MRI in the diagnosis of the proximal rectus femoris musculotendinous unit. |
MRI is a helpful for diagnosing and grading proximal rectus femoris injuries. MRI is also valuable in predicting the length of recovery and rehabilitation time of musculotendinous strains and in presurgical planning when resection of a chronic hematoma, deep scar tissue, or a pseudocyst is contemplated. |
4 |
| 27. Bredella MA, Stoller DW. MR imaging of femoroacetabular impingement. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):653-664. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the role of MRI in the diagnosis of FAI, a common cause of osteoarthritis in the hip. |
MRI and MR arthrography are accurate modalities to demonstrate acetabular labral disease and adjacent cartilage damage as well as the subchondral cysts and synovial herniation pits associated with impingement. MRI is also able to detect underlying subtle anatomic variations of the femoral head-neck junction and acetabulum associated with FAI. |
4 |
| 28. Dillon JE, Connolly SA, Connolly LP, Kim YJ, Jaramillo D. MR imaging of congenital/developmental and acquired disorders of the pediatric hip and pelvis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):783-797. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the role of MRI in the diagnosis of congenital/developmental and acquired disorders of the pediatric hip and pelvis. |
MRI provides an accurate method of evaluating the hip and pelvis. The soft-tissue resolution of MRI is superior to CT and is vital for purposes of imaging cartilage. |
4 |
| 29. Dwek J, Pfirrmann C, Stanley A, Pathria M, Chung CB. MR imaging of the hip abductors: normal anatomy and commonly encountered pathology at the greater trochanter. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):691-704, vii. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the anatomy and pathologic findings of the osseous and soft-tissue anatomy of the greater trochanter. |
A detailed knowledge of anatomy is useful in MRI interpretation. |
4 |
| 30. Hodnett PA, Shelly MJ, MacMahon PJ, Kavanagh EC, Eustace SJ. MR imaging of overuse injuries of the hip. [Review] [65 refs]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(4):667-79, vi, 2009 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the importance of MRI in the evaluation of chronic hip pain and overuse injuries. |
Image interpretation of the hip can be difficult because of the complex anatomy and the varied pathology that athletes can present with. The differential diagnosis in adults is diverse and includes such common entities as stress fracture, avulsive injuries, snapping-hip syndrome, iliopsoas bursitis, FAI syndrome, tendinosis, and tears of the gluteal musculature. |
4 |
| 31. Mellado JM, Bencardino JT. Morel-Lavallee lesion: review with emphasis on MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):775-782. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the role of MRI in the diagnosis of Morel-Lavallee lesion. |
MRI is recommended in the assessment of Morel-Lavallee lesions in the hip region. |
4 |
| 32. Nelson EN, Kassarjian A, Palmer WE. MR imaging of sports-related groin pain. [Review] [48 refs]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 13(4):727-42, 2005 Nov. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the role of MRI in the diagnosis of sports-related groin pain. |
MRI of the hip and pelvis can provide a prompt and specific diagnosis, enabling early treatment. |
4 |
| 33. Shabshin N, Rosenberg ZS, Cavalcanti CF. MR imaging of iliopsoas musculotendinous injuries. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):705-716. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the role of MRI in the diagnosis of the iliopsoas musculotendinous injuries. |
MRI is most accurate for diagnosing nondynamic diseases of the iliopsoas compartment as well as for ruling out other abnormalities of the hip joint and surrounding structures. When a snapping hip is being investigated or corticosteroid injection is warranted, US can be of help in providing a dynamic study and by guiding the injection. |
4 |
| 34. Zoga AC, Morrison WB. Technical considerations in MR imaging of the hip. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005;13(4):617-634, v. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss technical considerations in MRI of the hip. |
MRI has become an integral tool in diagnosis of hip disease including osseous, articular and periarticular soft-tissue structures. |
4 |
| 35. Sutter R, Dietrich TJ, Zingg PO, Pfirrmann CW. Femoral antetorsion: comparing asymptomatic volunteers and patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Radiology. 263(2):475-83, 2012 May. |
Observational-Dx |
63 asymptomatic volunteers and 63 patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. |
To assess the range of femoral antetorsion with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in asymptomatic volunteers and patients with different subtypes of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) because abnormal femoral antetorsion might be a contributing factor in the development of FAI. |
Femoral antetorsion can be assessed with MR imaging in about 80 seconds, with high interobserver agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.967) and high agreement between different MR examinations (ICC = 0.966). Women had a significantly larger antetorsion than men (P < .001 for both readers), and antetorsion of the left femur was significantly larger than that of the right femur (P = .01 for reader 1, P = .02 for reader 2). Overall, antetorsion was similar in volunteers and in patients for reader 1 (12.7° ± 10.0 [standard deviation] vs 12.6° ± 9.8, respectively; P = .9) and reader 2 (12.8° ± 10.1 vs 13.5° ± 9.8, respectively; P = .7). Femoral antetorsion was significantly higher in patients with pincer-type FAI than in those with cam-type FAI for reader 1 (18.3° ± 9.8 vs 10.0° ± 9.1, P = .02) and reader 2 (18.7° ± 10.5 vs 11.6° ± 8.8, P = .04). |
2 |
| 36. Schmaranzer F, Kheterpal AB, Bredella MA. Best Practices: Hip Femoroacetabular Impingement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 216(3):585-598, 2021 03. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide guidance on best practices for imaging of patients with FAI in light of recent advances in corrective FAI surgery. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 37. Sutter R, Dietrich TJ, Zingg PO, Pfirrmann CW. Assessment of Femoral Antetorsion With MRI: Comparison of Oblique Measurements to Standard Transverse Measurements. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(1):130-5, 2015 Jul. |
Observational-Dx |
63 asymptomatic volunteers and 63 patients with femoroacetabular impingement FAI (age 20-50 years) |
To assess the relationship between oblique to standard transverse measurements methods and to obtain reference values for oblique measurements in patients with FAI and healthy control subjects. |
Reference values for assessing femoral antetorsion with the oblique method were established, with mean (± SD) values of 9.4° ± 7.9° (reader 1) and 9.8° ± 8.4° (reader 2) for patients and 9.2° ± 8.4° (reader 1) and 9.6° ± 9.1° (reader 2) for asymptomatic volunteers. The oblique method generated smaller antetorsion values than the standard transverse method (p < 0.001), with an average difference of 3.5° ± 3.2° for reader 1 and 3.6° ± 3.5° for reader 2. Differences between predicted antetorsion values based on oblique measurements and standard measurements were minimal: 0.1° ± 2.9° (p = 0.62) for reader 1 and 0.3° ± 3.3° (p = 0.29) for reader 2. Interobserver agreement was high for all antetorsion measurements (intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.945-0.977). |
3 |
| 38. Cardinal E, Buckwalter KA, Capello WN, Duval N. US of the snapping iliopsoas tendon. Radiology. 1996;198(2):521-522. |
Review/Other-Dx |
3 patients |
To determine the value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of snapping iliopsoas tendon. |
At US, an abnormal jerk of the iliopsoas tendon during hip motion was correlated with the painful audible snap. The motion of the contralateral iliopsoas tendon was smooth. No intraarticular abnormality was found in two patients, and an associated labral tear was suspected at arthrography in the third patient. The patient who underwent surgical release of the iliopsoas tendon had great improvement. |
4 |
| 39. Choudur HN, Ellins ML. Ultrasound-guided gadolinium joint injections for magnetic resonance arthrography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2011;39(1):6-11. |
Review/Other-Dx |
100 patients |
To determine the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasound (US) -guided gadolinium injection for MR arthrography of shoulders, wrists, hips, and knee joints as an alternate technique to fluoroscopy. |
Ninety-nine of the 100 patients were successfully injected with gadolinium under US guidance. One patient had a vasovagal reaction after local anesthetic injection and the procedure was aborted. |
4 |
| 40. Deslandes M, Guillin R, Cardinal E, Hobden R, Bureau NJ. The snapping iliopsoas tendon: new mechanisms using dynamic sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(3):576-581. |
Review/Other-Dx |
14 patients; 18 hips |
To describe new mechanisms responsible for the snapping iliopsoas tendon using dynamic sonography. |
In 14 of 18 hips, the snapping was provoked by the sudden flipping of the iliopsoas tendon around the iliac muscle, allowing abrupt contact of the tendon against the pubic bone and producing an audible snap. Other causes of snapping iliopsoas tendon were bifid tendon heads flipping over one another (n = 3) and iliopsoas tendon impinging over an anterior paralabral cyst (n = 1). |
4 |
| 41. Migliore A, Granata M, Tormenta S, et al. Hip viscosupplementation under ultra-sound guidance riduces NSAID consumption in symptomatic hip osteoarthritis patients in a long follow-up. Data from Italian registry. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;15(1):25-34. |
Observational-Dx |
2,343 patients |
To investigate if NSAID consumption may be reduced by the use of ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of several hyaluronic acid (HA) products in hip joint administered in patients affected by symptomatic hip OA. |
Regarding primary endpoint, the consumption of NSAIDs was reduced of 48.2% at the third month when compared with baseline values. This sparing effect increased at 12th and 24th month with a reduction respectively of 50% and 61% in comparison to baseline values. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These data point out that intraarticular hyaluronan preparations provide OA pain relief and reduce NSAIDs consumption in a large cohort of patients for a long period of follow-up. Multiple courses of viscosupplementation (vs) are required to maintain low dose of NSAID consumption over time. NSAIDs consumption is strictly related to an high gastrointestinal and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rate, instead HA intra-articular treatment is well tolerated and is associated with a low incidence of adverse effects. |
3 |
| 42. Jacobsen S, Romer L, Soballe K. Degeneration in dysplastic hips. A computer tomography study. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34(12):778-784. |
Observational-Dx |
193 patients |
To determine the pattern of degenerative change in moderate to severely dysplastic hips in young patients. |
In dysplastic hips the anterior acetabular sector angle was significantly and inversely associated to femoral anteversion (p < 0.001). The center-edge (CE) angle, the acetabular angle (AA), and the acetabular depth ratio (ADR) were significantly interrelated (p < 0.001; correlation coefficients ranging from -0.8 to 0.7). Fifty-one hips were subluxated (24R/27L). There were no cases of complete dislocation. The formation of subchondral cysts or osteophytes in dysplastic hips was significantly associated with reduced minimum joint space width (p ranging from 0.005 to 0.02). However, in 67 hips with acetabular cysts, only 6 hips had minimum joint space widths = 2.0 mm (8.9%) in the coronal plane. In 96 cases with acetabular cysts found in the sagittal plane, 43 cases had minimum joint space widths = 2.0 mm (44.7%). Bony rim detachment at the site of labral insertion was recorded in 30 hips. Twenty-three of these were dysplastic (p = 0.01). |
4 |
| 43. Jacobsen S, Romer L, Soballe K. The other hip in unilateral hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;446:239-246. |
Observational-Dx |
197 patients, 41 control |
To review transverse pelvic computed tomography scans of 197 consecutively referred adult patients with hip pain thought to be secondary to developmental dysplasia. |
The joint anatomy of patients with developmental dysplasia differed from that of control subjects in almost all aspects. Acetabular anteversion was larger in control subjects compared with patients with developmental dysplasia. We found inverse relationships between femoral anteversion and the anterior acetabular sector angle and coronal and sagittal center-edge angles in dysplastic hips, and also between femoral neck-shaft angles and the anterior acetabular sector angle. There was an inverse relationship between reduced anterior support developmental dysplasia in which plain radiographs suggested unilateral dysplastic abnormality only, computed tomography scans revealed both hips to be abnormal. |
4 |
| 44. Lee CB, Millis MB. Patient selection for rotational pelvic osteotomy. Instr Course Lect. 2013;62:265-277. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review a systematic approach to evaluation of the variables in selecting an optimal treatment program for the patient with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. |
Preserving the native hip is the first choice in young, active patients with minimal arthrosis. Techniques in rotational pelvic osteotomy have evolved to offer long-term benefits, but appropriate patient selection is an important determinant of success. Applying a stepwise approach when evaluating adult patients with acetabular dysplasia and understanding current outcomes and predictive data will allow the orthopaedic surgeon to choose appropriate candidates for pelvic osteotomy. |
4 |
| 45. Hetsroni I, Larson CM, Dela Torre K, Zbeda RM, Magennis E, Kelly BT. Anterior inferior iliac spine deformity as an extra-articular source for hip impingement: a series of 10 patients treated with arthroscopic decompression. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(11):1644-1653. |
Observational-Tx |
10 patients |
To describe an arthroscopic technique for decompression of a prominent anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) leading to extra-articular hip impingement and to provide short-term outcome after this procedure. |
The mean age was 24.9 years, with 8 of 10 patients aged younger than 30 years. In 9 patients, an anterior cam lesion was identified and decompressed before the AIIS decompression. The mean follow-up time was 14.7 months (range, 6 to 26 months). Hip flexion range of motion improved from 99 degrees +/- 7 degrees before surgery to 117 degrees +/- 8 degrees after surgery (P < .001). The modified Harris Hip Score improved from 64 +/- 18 before surgery to 98 +/- 2 at latest follow-up after surgery (P < .001). |
2 |
| 46. Tannast M, Hanke M, Ecker TM, Murphy SB, Albers CE, Puls M. LCPD: reduced range of motion resulting from extra- and intraarticular impingement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(9):2431-2440. |
Observational-Dx |
13 hips with LCPD, 22 hips with FAI, 27 normal hips |
To review whether the location of impingement zones, the presence of additional extraarticular impingement, and the resulting ROM differ between hips with LCPD and normal hips or hips with FAI. |
The location of impingement zones in hips with LCPD differed compared with the FAI/normal groups. Intra- and extraarticular impingement was more frequent in LCPD (79% and 86%, respectively) compared with normal (15%, 15%) and FAI hips (36%, 14%). Hips with LCPD had decreased amplitude for all hip motions (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation) compared with FAI or normal. |
4 |
| 47. Clohisy JC, Carlisle JC, Beaule PE, et al. A systematic approach to the plain radiographic evaluation of the young adult hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90 Suppl 4:47-66. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To summarize the recommendations of the ANCHOR (Academic Network for Conservational Hip Outcomes Research) study group regarding the most important aspects of radiographic technique and image interpretation to evaluate the symptomatic, skeletally mature hip. |
We have outlined a systematic approach to radiographic evaluation for the adult patient who has clinical signs and symptoms of hip dysfunction. It is our opinion that such a structured review of plain radiographs should help to facilitate a more reliable diagnostic and surgical decision-making process. However, it should be emphasized that an accurate diagnosis can only be obtained by interpreting radiographic findings in conjunction with a detailed history and physical examination. Advanced imaging studies, such as a magnetic resonance arthrogram and/or a computed tomography scan, can also be helpful to confirm a suspected diagnosis, identify mild impingement abnormalities, or act as a supplement in the treatment planning process. Nevertheless, many patients with prearthritic or early arthritic hip dysfunction have developmental dysplasia of the hip and/or femoroacetabular impingement that is readily apparent on properly made radiographs, making it important to be able to adequately and reliably recognize the structural features of these disorders. |
4 |
| 48. Harris-Hayes M, Commean PK, Patterson JD, Clohisy JC, Hillen TJ. Bony abnormalities of the hip joint: a new comprehensive, reliable and radiation-free measurement method using magnetic resonance imaging. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2014;1(2):62-70. |
Observational-Dx |
32 hips |
To develop comprehensive and reliable radiation-free methods to quantify femoral and acetabular morphology using MRI. |
Interrater reliability was good to excellent for all raters for AV, FV, FNA, and LCEA (ICCs: 0.82-0.98); good to excellent between experienced raters (ICCs: 0.78-0.86) and poor to good between novice and experienced raters (ICCs: 0.23-0.78) for AA. Intrarater reliability was good to excellent for all raters for AV, FV and FNA (ICCs: 0.93-0.99); for one experienced and novice rater for LCEA (ICCs: 0.84-0.89); moderate to excellent for the experienced raters for AA (ICCs: 0.72-0.89). Intrarater reliability was poor for the second experienced rater for LCEA (ICC: 0.56), due to a single measurement error and for the novice rater for AA (ICCs: 0.17-0.38). |
3 |
| 49. Kraeutler MJ, Chadayammuri V, Garabekyan T, Mei-Dan O. Femoral Version Abnormalities Significantly Outweigh Effect of Cam Impingement on Hip Internal Rotation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 100(3):205-210, 2018 Feb 07. |
Review/Other-Dx |
220 patients (440 hips). |
To investigate the effects of femoral version, cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and the combination of the 2 on the passive hip range of motion (ROM). |
Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed that femoral version, as compared with the presence of a cam lesion, was a stronger independent predictor of internal rotation ROM. Conversely, the presence of a cam lesion resulted in a significant decrease in the passive hip flexion ROM (p < 0.001) with no additional effects due to the degree of femoral version. The passive hip internal rotation ROM in neutral flexion/extension and with the hip in 90° of flexion were maximized in patients with femoral anteversion and decreased significantly with each incremental decrease in femoral version (p < 0.001). |
4 |
| 50. Kobayashi N, Inaba Y, Tezuka T, et al. Evaluation of local bone turnover in painful hip by 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Commun. 37(4):399-405, 2016 Apr. |
Review/Other-Dx |
27 patients with unilateral symptomatic painful hip. |
To assess bone turnover in the cam and pincer lesions of unilateral painful hip with 18F-fluoride PET. |
The SUVmax of both cam and pincer lesions were significantly higher than the SUVmax of the contralateral regions (P<0.0001). The cam SUVmax ratio correlated positively with the a angle (r=0.5, P=0.007). Patients with an a angle of more than or equal to 60° had a significantly higher cam SUVmax ratio than the less than 60° group (P=0.017). |
4 |
| 51. Oishi T, Kobayashi N, Choe H, et al. Posterior acetabular uptake on 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography reveals a putative contrecoup region in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 27(3):2309499019868929, 2019 Sep-Dec. |
Review/Other-Dx |
41 hips were analyzed (34 hips in the cam group and 7 in the pincer group). |
To evaluate posterior acetabular uptake on PET/CT in FAI patients. |
The mean SUVmax of the cam group (11.2 ± 7.4) was significantly higher than that of the pincer group (4.9 ± 1.9) (p < 0.01). The incidence of cases with SUVmax = 6 in the cam group was significantly high (p < 0.01). In the overall cohort, the mean a angle of the SUVmax = 6 group was significantly higher than that of the SUVmax < 6 group (p < 0.01). |
4 |
| 52. Crespo Rodriguez AM, de Lucas Villarrubia JC, Pastrana Ledesma MA, Millan Santos I, Padron M. Diagnosis of lesions of the acetabular labrum, of the labral-chondral transition zone, and of the cartilage in femoroacetabular impingement: Correlation between direct magnetic resonance arthrography and hip arthroscopy. RADIOLOGIA. 57(2):131-41, 2015 Mar-Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
51 patients with femoroacetabular impingement who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery. |
To determine the sensitivity and accuracy of direct MR arthrography in the diagnosis of intra-articular lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement. |
The sensitivity and specificity of MR arthrography were 94.5% and 100%, respectively, for diagnosing labral tears, 100% and 87.5%, respectively, for diagnosing lesions of the labral-chondral transition zone, and 92.5% and 54.5%, respectively, for diagnosing lesions of the articular cartilage. The negative predictive value of MR arthrography for lesions of the labral-chondral transitional zone was 100%. |
2 |
| 53. Saied AM, Redant C, Anthonissen J, et al. Conventional versus direct magnetic resonance imaging in detecting labral lesions in femoroacetabular impingment - a retrospective multicenter study. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. 85(1):100-106, 2019 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
490 hips in 482 patients. |
To assess the reliability of Direct Magnetic Resonance Arthography (MRA) and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in diagnosing labral lesions in patients with symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). |
The accuracy is slightly higher for MRI (71,4 %) compared to MRA (68,2 %), although MRA has higher sensitivity (74.4%,) as compared to MRI (66,9%). |
3 |
| 54. Tian CY, Wang JQ, Zheng ZZ, Ren AH. 3.0 T conventional hip MR and hip MR arthrography for the acetabular labral tears confirmed by arthroscopy. Eur J Radiol. 83(10):1822-7, 2014 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
90 patients undergoing both hip MR examination and subsequent hip arthroscopy. |
To evaluate the value of hip MR for diagnosing acetabular labrum tears, and to further compare the diagnostic performances of conventional MR with MR arthrography in acetabular labrum tears. |
The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of conventional MR for evaluating the acetabular labral tears were 61.0%, 77.4%, 83.7% and 51.1% (radiologist A), and 66.1%, 74.2%, 82.9% and 53.4% (radiologist B), respectively, with good consistency between the two observers (K=0.645). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MR arthrography for assessing the acetabular labral tears were 90.5%, 84.6%, 90.5% and 84.6% (radiologist A), and 95.2%, 84.6%, 90.9% and 91.7% (radiologist B), respectively, with excellent good consistency between the two observers (K=0.810). The sensitivity and NPV of MR arthrography for diagnosing the acetabular labral tears were significantly higher than those of conventional MR (both P<0.05). |
2 |
| 55. Sutter R, Zubler V, Hoffmann A, et al. Hip MRI: how useful is intraarticular contrast material for evaluating surgically proven lesions of the labrum and articular cartilage?. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(1):160-9, 2014 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
28 patients |
To prospectively compare the diagnostic performance of MR arthrography and conventional MRI with surgical correlation in the same patient for detecting labrum and articular cartilage defects. |
At surgery, 31 labral tears were identified. MR arthrography had an advantage over conventional MRI for detecting labral tears at the anterosuperior quadrant (sensitivity of MR arthrography, 81% and 69% for readers 1 and 2, respectively; sensitivity of conventional MRI, 50% for both readers); this difference in performance between MR arthrography and conventional MRI was statistically significant for reader 1 (p = 0.02) but not for reader 2 (p = 0.2). Interobserver agreement for labral tears was higher for MR arthrography (? = 0.81) than for conventional MRI (? = 0.63). Surgery showed 31 acetabular cartilage defects and nine femoral cartilage defects. MR arthrography had an advantage over conventional MRI for detecting acetabular cartilage defects (sensitivity of MR arthrography, 71% and 92% for readers 1 and 2, respectively; sensitivity of conventional MRI, 58% and 83%), whereas there was no advantage to using MR arthrography for detecting femoral cartilage defects with statistically significant difference for the acetabular cartilage or femoral cartilage. Interobserver agreement was slightly higher for MR arthrography (? = 0.50) than for conventional MRI (? = 0.40) for assessing the acetabular cartilage and was almost identical for the femoral cartilage (? = 0.62 and 0.63, respectively). |
2 |
| 56. Smith TO, Hilton G, Toms AP, Donell ST, Hing CB. The diagnostic accuracy of acetabular labral tears using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance arthrography: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2011;21(4):863-874. |
Meta-analysis |
19 studies; 881 hips |
To determine the sensitivity and specificity of MRI and MRA in diagnosing acetabular labral tears using meta-analysis. |
Nineteen papers assessing 881 hips were reviewed. Conventional MRI was assessed in 13 studies and MRA was assessed in 16 studies. Whilst both MRI (0.5-3T) and MRA (0.5-3T) presented with a moderate sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 66%, 87%; specificity 79%, 64%), diagnostic accuracy of MRA appeared to be superior to MRI in detecting acetabular labral tears on ROC curve interpretation. The literature poorly described population characteristics, assessor blinding, with limited sample sizes. |
M |
| 57. Ha YC, Choi JA, Lee YK, et al. The diagnostic value of direct CT arthrography using MDCT in the evaluation of acetabular labral tear: with arthroscopic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 2013;42(5):681-688. |
Observational-Dx |
58 hips |
To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MDCT arthrography (CTA) for the diagnosis of acetabular labral tear and sulcus; to correlate tear types using the Lage classification system on CTA compared with the arthroscopic classification; and, to correlate CTA localization with arthroscopic localization. |
Forty-one of the 58 hips were diagnosed as labral tears on CT arthrography. Forty-three of the 58 hips were shown to have a labral tear on arthroscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting labral tear and sulcus by CTA were 90.7%, 86.7%, and 89.7%, and 93.8%, 97.6% and 96.6% respectively for observer 1, and 90.7% and 80.0%, 87.9% and 87.5%, 95.2%, and 93.1 % respectively for observer 2. Thirty-five out of 41 hips (85%) that were diagnosed with labral tear on CTA correlated substantially with arthroscopic Lage classification (kappa coefficient = 0.65). CTA and arthroscopic findings showed similar distribution patterns of the tears with most lesions located in antero- and postero-superior areas (p = 0.013). |
2 |
| 58. Mintz DN, Hooper T, Connell D, Buly R, Padgett DE, Potter HG. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip: detection of labral and chondral abnormalities using noncontrast imaging. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(4):385-393. |
Observational-Dx |
92 patients |
To evaluate the ability of optimized, noncontrast MRI to identify tears of the acetabular labrum and defects in articular cartilage. |
Of the 92 patients studied, each of 2 radiologists correctly identified 83 (94%) and 84 (95%) of the 88 labral tears present at surgery, respectively. There was 92% interobserver agreement on the MRI studies. For articular cartilage defects on the femoral head and acetabulum, there was good agreement (92% and 86% within 1 grade) between MRI and surgical grading and between the 2 MR readers (kappa of 0.8 for femoral head cartilage and 0.7 for acetabular cartilage). |
2 |
| 59. Reurink G, Jansen SP, Bisselink JM, Vincken PW, Weir A, Moen MH. Reliability and validity of diagnosing acetabular labral lesions with magnetic resonance arthrography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(18):1643-1648. |
Observational-Dx |
95 hips |
To establish the interobserver reliability and the validity of magnetic resonance arthrography for detecting lesions of the acetabular labrum in a retrospective case series. |
At arthroscopy, ninety-one labral lesions were identified in the ninety-five hips. The interobserver reliability of detecting labral lesions with magnetic resonance arthrography was fair (kappa=0.268). Magnetic resonance arthrography, as interpreted by observers A and B, showed a sensitivity of 86% and 86%, specificity of 75% and 50%, negative predictive value of 19% and 13%, and positive predictive value of 99% and 98%, respectively. |
2 |
| 60. Zaragoza E, Lattanzio PJ, Beaule PE. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium arthrography to assess acetabular cartilage delamination. Hip Int. 2009;19(1):18-23. |
Experimental-Dx |
46 patients (48 hips) |
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI with gadolinium arthrography in detecting acetabular cartilage delamination in patients with pre-arthritic hip pain. |
On MRA all hips had a labral tear confirmed at surgery. At surgery 30 hips had evidence of acetabular cartilage delamination, 4 hips had ulceration and 14 had no articular cartilage damage. The majority of labral tears and cartilage damage were located in the antero-superior quadrant. The sensitivity and specificity of MRA detection of cartilage delamination confirmed at surgery were 97% and 84%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the MRA finding were 90% and 94%, respectively. |
3 |
| 61. Vahlensieck M, Peterfy CG, Wischer T, et al. Indirect MR arthrography: optimization and clinical applications. Radiology. 1996;200(1):249-254. |
Experimental-Dx |
14 controls; 17 patients |
To evaluate and optimize a method for producing magnetic resonance (MR) images similar to MR arthrograms of multiple synovial joints with intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine injection. |
Fat-saturated images obtained after 10 minutes of exercise and administration of 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine were similar to those obtained after intraarticular injection of contrast medium. Exercising the joint yielded the strongest joint-cavity enhancement. Increasing the dose of contrast medium in the unexercised joint did not statistically significantly improve the contrast-to-noise ratio. Rotator cuff tears, meniscal tears, and cartilage defects were better delineated with this method than with unenhanced MR imaging and showed good correlation with arthroscopic results. |
3 |
| 62. Winalski CS, Aliabadi P, Wright RJ, Shortkroff S, Sledge CB, Weissman BN. Enhancement of joint fluid with intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine: technique, rationale, and implications. Radiology. 1993;187(1):179-185. |
Review/Other-Dx |
10 subjects |
To determine the feasibility of enhancing the joint fluid with IV injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. |
The arthrographic effect may provide a more convenient alternative to intra-articular injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine for MR arthrography. |
4 |
| 63. Zoga AC, Schweitzer ME. Indirect magnetic resonance arthrography: applications in sports imaging. [Review] [24 refs]. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 14(1):25-33, 2003 Feb. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review indirect MR arthrography as an imaging tool with several advantages and disadvantages over both direct MR arthrography and unenhanced MSK MRI. |
Advantages of indirect MR arthrography include enhancement of both intra-articular and extra-articular pathology without the need for an invasive, fluoroscopically guided arthrogram, as well as high sensitivity for re-injury in postoperative patients. Some potential disadvantages of this technique are enhancement of normal vascular tissues and difficulty in making a diagnosis dependent upon joint space distension in the absence of an effusion. |
4 |
| 64. Kim SD, Jessel R, Zurakowski D, Millis MB, Kim YJ. Anterior delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage values predict joint failure after periacetabular osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(12):3332-3341. |
Observational-Dx |
43 hips from 41 patients |
To assess whether the dGEMRIC index of the anterior joint would better predict premature joint failure after PAOs than the coronal dGEMRIC index as previously reported. |
The two cohorts were similar in age and sex distribution. Severity of dysplasia was similar as measured by lateral center-edge, anterior center-edge, and Tonnis angles. Preoperative pain, joint space width, Tonnis grade, and coronal and sagittal dGEMRIC indexes differed between groups. The dGEMRIC index in the anterior weightbearing region of the hip was lower in the prematurely failed group and was the best predictor. |
2 |
| 65. Rakhra KS, Lattanzio PJ, Cardenas-Blanco A, Cameron IG, Beaule PE. Can T1-rho MRI detect acetabular cartilage degeneration in femoroacetabular impingement?: a pilot study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(9):1187-1192. |
Experimental-Dx |
10 patients with cam-type FAI and 10 control patients |
To determine the normal T1rho profile of cartilage within the hip and to identify any differences in T1rho profile between the normal and symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) hip. |
The mean T1rho relaxation times for full cartilage thickness of control and FAI hips were similar (37.17 ms (SD 9.95) and 36.71 ms (SD 6.72), respectively). The control group demonstrated a T1rho value trend, increasing from deep to superficial cartilage layers, with the middle third having significantly greater T1rho relaxation values than the deepest third (p = 0.008). The FAI group demonstrated loss of this trend. The deepest third in the FAI group demonstrated greater T1rho relaxation values than controls (p = 0.028). |
3 |
| 66. Bittersohl B, Hosalkar HS, Kim YJ, et al. T1 assessment of hip joint cartilage following intra-articular gadolinium injection: a pilot study. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64(4):1200-1207. |
Experimental-Dx |
9 patients to study contrast infiltration process; 27 patients scanned with intra-articular delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage |
To define the feasibility of cartilage assessment in symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement patients using intra-articular delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (ia-dGEMRIC). |
This pilot study demonstrates a significant difference between the pre- and postcontrast T(1) values (P < 0.001) remaining constant for 45 min. We noted higher mean T(1) values in morphologically normal-appearing cartilage than in damaged cartilage, which was statistically significant for all zones except the anterior-superior zone. Intraobserver (0.972) and interobserver correlation coefficients (0.933) were statistically significant. |
2 |
| 67. Pollard TC, McNally EG, Wilson DC, et al. Localized cartilage assessment with three-dimensional dGEMRIC in asymptomatic hips with normal morphology and cam deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(15):2557-2569. |
Experimental-Dx |
32 subjects |
To investigate the potential of delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) to detect cartilage disease in asymptomatic hips with cam deformities compared with morphologically normal hips, establish whether dGEMRIC could identify advanced disease in hips with positive clinical findings, and establish whether cartilage damage correlated with the severity of the cam deformity. |
Of thirty-two subjects (mean age, fifty-two years), nineteen had cam deformities. Hips with a cam deformity had reduced acetabular glycosaminoglycan content compared with normal hips (mean T1(acet)/T1(total), 0.949 and 1.093, respectively; p = 0.0008). Hips with a positive impingement test result had global depletion of glycosaminoglycan compared with hips with a negative result (mean T1(total), 625 ms versus 710 ms; p = 0.0152). T1(acet) inversely correlated with the magnitude of the alpha angle (r = -0.483, p = 0.0038), suggesting that the severity of cartilage damage correlates with the magnitude of the cam deformity. All of these differences occurred irrespective of genetic predisposition. |
2 |
| 68. James SL, Ali K, Malara F, Young D, O'Donnell J, Connell DA. MRI findings of femoroacetabular impingement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;187(6):1412-1419. |
Observational-Dx |
46 patients |
To evaluate MRI in the identification of labral and articular cartilage lesions in patients with a clinical suspicion of femoroacetabular impingement. |
Seven patients showed labral tears on MRI that were confirmed surgically in all cases. Thirty-seven patients (97%) of the 38 surgically confirmed cases had lesions of the labral-chondral transitional zone on MRI. The sites of labral-chondral transitional zone abnormalities at arthroscopy were 50% anterosuperior, 36% anterosuperior and superolateral, 11% superolateral, and 3% superolateral and posterosuperior. The site was identified correctly in 92% (reviewer 1) and 95% (reviewer 2) of cases on MRI. Separate acetabular cartilage abnormality was surgically identified in 39% of cases, and femoral cartilage lesions were found in 20%. The acetabular chondral lesions were correctly identified in 89-94% of cases. |
2 |
| 69. Mosher TJ. Musculoskeletal imaging at 3T: current techniques and future applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2006;14(1):63-76. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the current techniques and future applications at 3T MRI. |
Initial experience with 3T MRI in the evaluation of the hip joint has been positive. |
4 |
| 70. Ramnath RR. 3T MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system (Part II): clinical applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2006;14(1):41-62. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To discuss the utility/advantages of 3T MRI and its clinical applications in the MSK system. |
Because of the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, the higher spatial resolution, and the greater contrast-to-noise of intrinsic joint structures at higher field strengths, 3T MRI has the potential to improve diagnostic abilities in the MSK system vastly, which translates into better patient care and management. |
4 |
| 71. Yan K, Xi Y, Sasiponganan C, Zerr J, Wells JE, Chhabra A. Does 3DMR provide equivalent information as 3DCT for the pre-operative evaluation of adult Hip pain conditions of femoroacetabular impingement and Hip dysplasia?. British Journal of Radiology. 91(1092):20180474, 2018 Dec. |
Observational-Dx |
25 consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of FAI or HD. |
To determine if isotropic MRI (3DMR) imaging can provide similar quantitative and qualitative morphological information as 3DCT. |
The ICC was good to excellent for all measurements between R1 and R2 (ICC:0.60-0.98) and the majority of intermodality measurements for R1 and R2. Average inter-reader and inter-modality PABAK showed good to excellent agreement for qualitative reads. On CT, all alpha angles (AA) were significantly lower in dysplasia patients than in cam patients (p < 0.05). All lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) were significantly lower in dysplasia than in cam patients (p < 0.05). On MR, AA at 12, 1, and 2 o'clock, and LCEA at center were significantly lower in dysplasia patients than in cam patients (p < 0.05). |
3 |
| 72. Breighner RE, Bogner EA, Lee SC, Koff MF, Potter HG. Evaluation of Osseous Morphology of the Hip Using Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Am J Sports Med. 47(14):3460-3468, 2019 12. |
Observational-Dx |
38 hips from 23 patients . |
To explore the application of ZTE MRI to the assessment of osseous FAI and dysplasia morphologies of the hip. |
Interrater agreement was demonstrated in both CT and ZTE, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.636 to 0.990 for ZTE and 0.747 to 0.983 for CT, indicating "good" to "excellent" agreement. Intermodal agreement was also shown to be significant, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.618 to 0.904. |
2 |
| 73. Lerch S, Kasperczyk A, Berndt T, Ruhmann O. Ultrasound is as reliable as plain radiographs in the diagnosis of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 136(10):1437-43, 2016 Oct. |
Observational-Dx |
40 patients |
To assess if ultrasound has at least the same reliability as X-ray and can be used as an alternative or additional method in the initial imaging of FAI. |
No significant difference between the alpha angle on MRI (64.8°), the frog-leg view (66.3°), or ultrasound (65.6°) could be detected. Comparable correlation was found between the alpha angle on MRI and the frog-leg lateral view (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001) and between the alpha angle on MRI and sonograms (r = 0.77; p < 0.0001). The intra-class correlation coefficient for measurements using ultrasound was 0.81-0.98, and using radiographs was 0.83-0.99, with the exception of measurements involving the anterior offset on the frog-leg lateral view (0.61 and 0.64). |
2 |
| 74. Lee GY, Kim S, Baek SH, Jang EC, Ha YC. Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Arthrography in Diagnosing Acetabular Labral Tears and Chondral Lesions. Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery. 11(1):21-27, 2019 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
33 patients (36 hips). |
To investigate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography arthrography (CTA), on the basis of arthroscopic findings, to diagnose acetabular labral tears and chondral lesions. |
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI for detection of acetabular labral tears by two observers were 60%, 80%, and 64%, respectively, and 65%, 70%, and 69%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CTA for detection of labral tears by both observers were 85%, 90%, and 86%, respectively, and 92%, 80%, and 89%, respectively. However, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detection of acetabular chondral lesions by both observers were 36% and 84%, respectively, and 46% and 88%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CTA for detecting acetabular cartilage lesions by both observers were 46% and 72%, respectively, and 64% and 72%, respectively. Intraobserver reproducibility for detection of labral tears and chondral lesions by using MRI was substantial (? = 0.756 and ? = 0.693, respectively). Interobserver reliability for detection of labral tears and chondral lesions by using MRI was substantial (? = 0.700 and ? = 0.875, respectively). Intraobserver reproducibility for detection of labral tears and chondral lesions by using CTA was substantial (? = 0.832 and ? = 0.774, respectively). Interobserver reliability for detection of labral tears and chondral lesions by using CTA was high (? = 0.886 and ? = 0.596, respectively). |
3 |
| 75. Banks DB, Boden RA, Mehan R, Fehily MJ. Magnetic resonance arthrography for labral tears and chondral wear in femoroacetabular impingement. Hip Int. 2012;22(4):387-390. |
Experimental-Dx |
69 hips |
To assess the efficacy of MRA in diagnosing labral tears and chondral damage in patients with FAI in our institution. |
The findings at MRA were compared to those found intraoperatively. For labral tears, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 81%, 51% and 58% respectively. For chondral wear these figures were 17%, 100%, and 55% respectively. |
2 |
| 76. Czerny C, Hofmann S, Urban M, et al. MR arthrography of the adult acetabular capsular-labral complex: correlation with surgery and anatomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173(2):345-349. |
Experimental-Dx |
40 patients and six cadavers |
To describe the appearance of the acetabular capsular-labral complex on MR arthrography and to correlate this appearance with surgical findings in adult patients and with gross anatomic findings in cadavers. MR images were with contrast. |
MR arthrography images of the T-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo sequences allowed visualization of the anatomic structures. The normal labrum was triangular, without any sublabral sulcus, and of homogeneous low signal intensity. A recess between the labrum and the joint capsule could be identified in instances in which no thickened labrum was present. Labral lesions included labral degeneration, a tear, or a detached labrum either with or without thickening of the labrum. The sensitivity for detection and correct staging of labral lesions with MR arthrography in the patient study was 91%; the specificity, 71%; and the accuracy, 88%. |
2 |
| 77. Neumann G, Mendicuti AD, Zou KH, et al. Prevalence of labral tears and cartilage loss in patients with mechanical symptoms of the hip: evaluation using MR arthrography. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(8):909-917. |
Observational-Dx |
100 patients |
To determine the prevalence of labral tears and cartilage lesions in patients with mechanical symptoms of the hip using magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography. |
On MR arthrography, labral tears were found in 66 patients (66% prevalence) with 13 having more than one location involved. Locations were 19 lateral (13 simple, six complex), 54 anterior (39 simple, 15 complex), eight posterior (six simple, two complex). Cartilage lesions were found in 76 patients (76% prevalence) with 53 demonstrating involvement of more than one compartment. The most common finding was cartilage thinning <50% in 99 regions in 44 patients. Cartilage thinning >50% was shown in 34 patients in 67 areas. When we correlated the grade of cartilage abnormality with the grade of labral tear, we found a statistically significant correlation (r=0.29; P< or =0.01). The size of cartilage abnormality was correlated with the grade of labral tear in the lateral acetabulum (r=0.38; P<0.001), anterior acetabulum (r=0.22; P< or =0.002), and lateral femoral head (r=0.29; P< or =0.004). The grade of cartilage loss was correlated with the grade of BME (r=0.44; P< or =0.001). |
3 |
| 78. Petersilge CA. MR arthrography for evaluation of the acetabular labrum. Skeletal Radiol. 2001;30(8):423-430. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To review the normal anatomy of the hip, the clinical presentation of internal derangement, and the technique for performing MR arthrography. |
With the joint distention provided by MR arthrography, labral detachments and intrasubstance tears can be identified and differentiated from the many varied appearances of the asymptomatic labrum. |
4 |
| 79. Yoon LS, Palmer WE, Kassarjian A. Evaluation of radial-sequence imaging in detecting acetabular labral tears at hip MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 2007;36(11):1029-1033. |
Review/Other-Dx |
54 arthrograms |
To investigate whether radial imaging demonstrates labral tears not visible on standard imaging planes. |
Using standard imaging planes, 50 anterosuperior, 31 posterosuperior, 10 anteroinferior, and 9 posteroinferior labral tears were detected in 54 MR arthrograms of the hip. Using radial sequences alone, 44 anterosuperior, 25 posterosuperior, 9 anteroinferior, and 5 posteroinferior labral tears were detected. In all four areas of the labrum, the radial imaging did not show any labral tear not seen on standard imaging planes. |
4 |
| 80. Ziegert AJ, Blankenbaker DG, De Smet AA, Keene JS, Shinki K, Fine JP. Comparison of standard hip MR arthrographic imaging planes and sequences for detection of arthroscopically proven labral tear. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192(5):1397-1400. |
Observational-Dx |
144 patients |
To compare multiple imaging planes and two pulse sequences for detection of arthroscopically proven labral tears. |
Among the 144 tears, 97.2% were identified as definitely present on images obtained with at least one of the sequences. The axial oblique sequence had the highest individual detection rate (85.0%). The detection rates for the sagittal T1-weighted (74.6%), coronal T1-weighted (67.4%), and coronal T2-weighted (63.6%) sequences were intermediate. Detection rates with the axial T1-weighted (29.9%) and sagittal oblique (18.2%) sequences were low. With the combination of three sequences (coronal T2-weighted with fat saturation, axial oblique T1-weighted with fat saturation, and sagittal T1-weighted with fat saturation), 95.8% of the 144 tears were identified as definitely present. Twenty-eight percent of tears had a signal intensity less than that of gadolinium or fluid. |
3 |
| 81. Kassarjian A, Yoon LS, Belzile E, Connolly SA, Millis MB, Palmer WE. Triad of MR arthrographic findings in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. Radiology. 2005;236(2):588-592. |
Review/Other-Dx |
40 patients |
To retrospectively analyze magnetic resonance (MR) arthrographic findings in patients with clinical cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. |
At imaging, in 40 patients (22 male, 18 female) with a mean age of 36.5 years, 39 of 42 hips (93%) had an abnormal alpha angle, with a mean angle of 69.7 degrees; 40 of 42 (95%) had an anterosuperior cartilage abnormality; and 42 of 42 (100%) had an anterosuperior labral tear. Thirty-seven of 42 hips (88%) had the triad. Six had paralabral cysts, 17 had an os acetabuli, and two had synovial herniation pits. Surgical comparison for 11 hips led to confirmation of all labral and cartilage abnormalities seen at imaging. |
4 |
| 82. Pfirrmann CW, Mengiardi B, Dora C, Kalberer F, Zanetti M, Hodler J. Cam and pincer femoroacetabular impingement: characteristic MR arthrographic findings in 50 patients. Radiology. 2006;240(3):778-785. |
Observational-Dx |
50 patients |
To retrospectively characterize magnetic resonance (MR) arthrographic findings in patients with cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and in those with pincer FAI. |
At surgery, hips in 33 patients were classified as having cam FAI and hips in 17 patients were classified as having pincer FAI. In both groups, the mean age of patients was 28.8 years. There were significantly more men (n = 27) with cam FAI and more women (n = 14) with pincer FAI. The alpha angle was significantly larger in patients with cam FAI at the anterior and anterosuperior positions. The acetabulum was significantly deeper in patients with pincer FAI than in patients with cam FAI. Cartilage lesions at the anterosuperior and superior positions were significantly larger in patients with cam FAI than in patients with pincer FAI. Cartilage lesions at the posteroinferior position were significantly larger and labral lesions at the posterior and posteroinferior positions were more pronounced in patients with pincer FAI than in patients with cam FAI. Osseous abnormalities were not significantly different between the groups. Osseous bump formation at the femoral neck was significantly more common in patients with cam FAI than in patients with pincer FAI. |
2 |
| 83. Petchprapa CN, Rybak LD, Dunham KS, Lattanzi R, Recht MP. Labral and cartilage abnormalities in young patients with hip pain: accuracy of 3-Tesla indirect MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 44(1):97-105, 2015 Jan. |
Observational-Dx |
41 patients |
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral pathology detection using arthroscopy as the reference standard and compare it to the published performance of direct magnetic resonance arthrography (dMRA). |
Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative- and positive-predictive values for labral lesion detection were respectively 98, 99, 99, 99 and 98 %; for acetabular cartilage lesion detection they were 69, 98, 89, 87 and 95 %; for femoral cartilage lesion detection they were 69, 95, 93 and 39 %. Sensitivities of iMRA by quadrant (anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posteroinferior, posterosuperior) for the labrum were 100.0, 95.0, NA and 85.7 %, for acetabular cartilage were NA, 58.8, NA and 39.5 % and for femoral cartilage were 50.0, 33.3, 75.0 and 75.0 %). NA indicates results not available because of the absence of findings in those quadrants. Specificities of iMRA by quadrant (anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posteroinferior, posterosuperior) for the labrum (95.0, 100.0, 95.1, 67.5 %), acetabular (100.0, 85.7, 92.6, 79.5 %) and femoral cartilage (100.0, 94.7, 96.2, 85.9 %). |
3 |
| 84. Zlatkin MB, Pevsner D, Sanders TG, Hancock CR, Ceballos CE, Herrera MF. Acetabular labral tears and cartilage lesions of the hip: indirect MR arthrographic correlation with arthroscopy--a preliminary study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):709-14, 2010 Mar. |
Observational-Dx |
14 patients |
to assess the diagnostic correlation between indirect MR arthrography, conventional MRI, and arthroscopy in acetabular labral and cartilage lesions of the hip. |
Of the 13 labral tears found at arthroscopy, 85% were detected by conventional MRI, whereas 100% were identified via indirect MR arthrography. Seventy percent of the labral tears identified on conventional MRI were better delineated by indirect MR arthrography. |
3 |
| 85. Annabell L, Master V, Rhodes A, Moreira B, Coetzee C, Tran P. Hip pathology: the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 13(1):127, 2018 May 29. |
Observational-Dx |
71 hips on 68 patients. |
To determine the accuracy of non-contrast MRI for diagnosis of intra-articular hip derangements and identify radiological features that could increase the accuracy of the diagnosis. |
The accuracy of radiology reporting for ligamentum teres tears, labral damage, and chondral rim lesions was 85.92% for each instance. |
2 |
| 86. Sundberg TP, Toomayan GA, Major NM. Evaluation of the acetabular labrum at 3.0-T MR imaging compared with 1.5-T MR arthrography: preliminary experience. Radiology. 2006;238(2):706-711. |
Review/Other-Dx |
8 patients |
To prospectively compare imaging of the acetabular labrum with 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 1.5-T MR arthrography. |
Presence of labral lesions, paralabral cysts, articular cartilage lesions, subchondral cysts, osteophytes, and synovial herniation pits was recorded. There was arthroscopic correlation of findings in five patients. MR imaging depicted four surgically confirmed labral tears that were identified at MR arthrography, as well as one that was not visualized at MR arthrography. MR imaging helped identify all other pathologic conditions that were diagnosed at MR arthrography and helped identify one additional surgically confirmed focal articular cartilage lesion. |
4 |
| 87. Orellana C, Moreno M, Calvet J, Navarro N, Garcia-Manrique M, Gratacos J. Ultrasound Findings in Patients With Femoracetabular Impingement Without Radiographic Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study. J Ultrasound Med. 38(4):895-901, 2019 Apr. |
Observational-Dx |
44 patients |
To assess ultrasound (US) abnormalities in patients with clinical and radiographic features of femoracetabular impingement (FAI) without radiologic osteoarthritis. |
Ultrasound changes were found in 93.2% of patients, with 63.6% showing some kind of labral abnormality, 40.9% showing articular cartilage abnormalities, 38.6% showing bone contour irregularities, and 29.5% showing osteophytes. The cartilage width and symptom duration were inferior in patients with a damaged articular surface compared with those without (P = .005 and .012, respectively). Patients showing osteophytes on US examinations were slightly older (P = .048). Patients with cam-type FAI were more frequently male (P = .0001) and younger (P = .022) compared with those who had pincer-type FAI and also had a shorter symptom duration (P < .05). Patients with symptoms for 2 years or less had a shorter femoral cartilage width (P = .027). Femoral head-to-neck distances were shorter in patients compared with controls (P = .0005). Only 1 patient in the control group showed some US abnormality. |
3 |
| 88. Troelsen A, Mechlenburg I, Gelineck J, Bolvig L, Jacobsen S, Soballe K. What is the role of clinical tests and ultrasound in acetabular labral tear diagnostics? Acta Orthop. 2009;80(3):314-318. |
Experimental-Dx |
18 patients |
To investigate the diagnostic validity of clinical tests and ultrasound as compared with MR arthrography. |
MR arthrography identified labral tears in 17 of the 18 hips. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 94%, and was false negative in only 1 case compared to MR arthrography. The impingement test had the best diagnostic ability of the clinical tests, with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 100%. The positive predictive value was 100% while the negative predictive value was 13%. |
1 |
| 89. Gazaille RE, 3rd, Flynn MJ, Page W, 3rd, Finley S, van Holsbeeck M. Technical innovation: digital tomosynthesis of the hip following intra-articular administration of contrast. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(11):1467-1471. |
Review/Other-Dx |
1 patient |
To demonstrate the clinical use of digital tomosynthesis in the depiction of labral and chondral pathology in the setting of post-operative CAM-type impingement of the hip following intra-articular administration of dilute iodinated contrast. |
A partial tear of the labrum and clinically significant acetabular chondral abnormalities were demonstrated with the use of digital tomosynthesis with superb anatomic detail. |
4 |
| 90. Alvarez C, Chicheportiche V, Lequesne M, Vicaut E, Laredo JD. Contribution of helical computed tomography to the evaluation of early hip osteoarthritis: a study in 18 patients. Joint Bone Spine. 2005;72(6):578-584. |
Observational-Dx |
18 patients |
To show that helical computed tomography arthrograms (HCTA) with multiplanar reformations can document cartilage lesions and their characteristics in patients with suspected hip osteoarthritis and normal or inconclusive hip radiographs. |
We identified 18 patients with abnormal HCTA findings and a full set of imaging studies. Mean age was 47.8 years, and there were 14 women and four men. Acetabular cartilage lesions were found consistently; they were often deep and predominated in the anterosuperior region. A labral fissure was noted in 12 patients. The sagittal and coronal reformations proved more informative than the acquired transverse slices. Interobserver reproducibility was excellent for the HCTA diagnosis of cartilage lesions. |
3 |
| 91. Nishii T, Tanaka H, Nakanishi K, Sugano N, Miki H, Yoshikawa H. Fat-suppressed 3D spoiled gradient-echo MRI and MDCT arthrography of articular cartilage in patients with hip dysplasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185(2):379-385. |
Experimental-Dx |
20 hips of 18 patients |
To assess the diagnostic ability of MDCT arthrography for acetabular and femoral cartilage lesions in patients with hip dysplasia. |
The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of any cartilage disorder (grade 1 or higher) were (observer 1/observer 2) 49%/67% and 89%/76%, respectively, on MRI, and 67%/67% and 89%/82%, respectively, on CT arthrography. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of cartilage lesions with substance loss (grade 2 or higher) were (observer 1/observer 2) 47%/53% and 92%/87%, respectively, on MRI, and 70%/79% and 93%/94%, respectively, on CT arthrography. CT arthrography provided significantly higher sensitivity in the detection of grade 2 or higher lesions than MRI for both observers. Interobserver agreement in the detection of grade 2 or higher cartilage lesions was moderate (kappa = 0.53) on MRI and substantial (kappa = 0.78) on CT. |
1 |
| 92. Nishii T, Tanaka H, Sugano N, Miki H, Takao M, Yoshikawa H. Disorders of acetabular labrum and articular cartilage in hip dysplasia: evaluation using isotropic high-resolutional CT arthrography with sequential radial reformation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(3):251-257. |
Experimental-Dx |
Forty-one hips in 29 patients |
To evaluate the diagnostic ability of isotropic computed tomography (CT) arthrography with radial reformation technique for detection of acetabular labral and articular cartilage disorders, and evaluate those interactions in hip dysplasia |
The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT arthrography were 97%/87%/92% for labral tear and 88%/82%/85% for acetabular cartilage disorder, respectively, using arthroscopic findings as the reference. The CT arthrography showed significantly higher frequency of labral and acetabular cartilage disorders at the anterior zones. Those zones with labral tear had significantly higher frequency of adjacent cartilage disorder than zones without labral tear. |
2 |
| 93. Sahin M, Calisir C, Omeroglu H, Inan U, Mutlu F, Kaya T. Evaluation of Labral Pathology and Hip Articular Cartilage in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): Comparison of Multidetector CT Arthrography and MR Arthrography. Pol J Radiol. 2014;79:374-380. |
Observational-Dx |
14 patients |
To compare the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) arthrography (CTa) and magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography (MRa) findings with surgical findings in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these methods. |
While the disagreement between observers was recorded in two cases of labral tearing with MRa, there was a complete consensus with CTa. Disagreement between observers was found in four cases of femoral cartilage loss with both MRa and CTa. Disagreement was also recorded in only one case of acetabular cartilage loss with both methods. The percent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for correctly assessing the labral tearing were as follows for MRa/CTa, respectively: 100/100, 50/100, 86/100 (p<0.05). The same values for acetabular cartilage assessment were 89/56, 40/60, 71/71 (p>0.05) and for femoral cartilage assessment were 100/75, 90/70, 86/71 (p>0.05). Inter-observer reliability value showed excellent agreement for labral tearing with CTa (kappa=1.0). Inter-observer agreement was substantial to excellent with regard to acetabular cartilage assessment with MRa and CTa (kappa=0.76 for MRa and kappa=0.86 for CTa). |
3 |
| 94. Walter WR, Bearison C, Slover JD, Gold HT, Gyftopoulos S. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes after image-guided intra-articular therapeutic hip injections for osteoarthritis-related hip pain: a retrospective study. Skeletal Radiol. 48(5):713-719, 2019 May. |
Review/Other-Dx |
34 patients |
To evaluate change in patient-reported outcomes following image-guided intra-articular therapeutic steroid hip injections for pain and assess correlations of outcomes with patient- and injection-specific factors. |
There was no significant change among any of the patients, short- or long-term follow-up subgroups in EQ5D (p = 0.450, 0.770, 0.493 respectively), EQ5D-VAS (p = 0.581, 0.915, 0.455), average-HOOS (p = 0.478, 0.696, 0.443) or total-HOOS (p = 0.380, 0.517, 0.423) scores. Forty-nine patients underwent hip arthroplasty within 1 year. Positive correlation was found between days from injection to surgery and change in EQ5D (r = 0.29, p = 0.025), average-HOOS (r = 0.33, p = 0.019), and total-HOOS (r = 0.37, p = 0.008). |
4 |
| 95. Nissi MJ, Mortazavi S, Hughes J, Morgan P, Ellermann J. T2* relaxation time of acetabular and femoral cartilage with and without intraarticular gadopentetate dimeglumine in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(6):W695-700, 2015 Jun. |
Observational-Dx |
10 patient with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. |
To assess whether the presence of intraarticular gadopentetate dimeglumine during clinical MR arthrography significantly alters the T2* relaxation time of hip articular cartilage in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. |
Estimated Krippendorff alpha values were greater than 0.8 for both acetabular and femoral cartilage, linear regressions through the origin yielded estimated slopes very close to 1, and R(2) values were greater than 0.98. |
4 |
| 96. Saied AM, Redant C, El-Batouty M, et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance studies in the detection of chondral and labral lesions in femoroacetabular impingement: systematic review and meta-analysis. [Review]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18(1):83, 2017 02 16. |
Meta-analysis |
21 studies for the qualitative analysis with a total number of 828 cases, lastly 12 studies were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. |
To detect the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), direct magnetic resonance arthrography (dMRA) and indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) in the diagnosis of chondral and labral lesions in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). |
Meta-analysis showed that as regard labral lesions the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC for cMRI were 0.864, 0.833 and 0.88 and for dMRA were 0.91, 0.58 and 0.92. While in chondral lesions the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC for cMRI were 0.76, 0.72 and 0.75 and for dMRA were 0.75, 0.79 and 0.83, while for iMRA were sensitivity of 0.722 and specificity of 0.917. |
Inadequate |
| 97. Bulat E, Bixby SD, Siversson C, Kalish LA, Warfield SK, Kim YJ. Planar dGEMRIC Maps May Aid Imaging Assessment of Cartilage Damage in Femoroacetabular Impingement. Clin Orthop. 474(2):467-78, 2016 Feb. |
Observational-Dx |
47 hips of 45 patients with symptomatic FAI who underwent hip surgery. |
To assess if acetabular cartilage damage correlate with intraoperative findings in hips with symptomatic FAI and if planar dGEMRIC map improve this correlation. |
Planar map-independent Outerbridge grades had a notable (p < 0.05) Spearman's rank correlation (?) with Beck's grades that was moderate in AP, SC, and PC (0.3 < ? < 0.5) and strong in SP (? > 0.5). For map-dependent Outerbridge grades, ? was moderate in AP, AC, and SC and strong in SP. Map-independent dGEMRIC indices had a ? with Beck's grades that was moderate in AP and SC (-0.3 > ? > -0.5) and strong in SP (? < -0.5). For map-dependent dGEMRIC indices, ? was moderate in SC and strong in SP. Similarly, there were no meaningful, map-dependent differences in the correlations. When comparing Outerbridge grades and dGEMRIC indices, there were notable correlations across all subregions. Without the planar map, ? was moderate in AC and PC and strong in AP, SP, SC, and PP. With the map, ? was strong in all six subregions. In AC, there was a notable map-dependent improvement in this correlation (p < 0.001). Finally, referencing the planar dGEMRIC map during evaluation was associated with a decrease in mean evaluation time, from 207 ± 32 seconds to 152 ± 33 seconds (p = 0.001). |
3 |
| 98. Eagle S, Potter HG, Koff MF. Morphologic and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage for the assessment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. [Review]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 35(3):412-423, 2017 03. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide background information about MRI signal generation and decay (T1 and T2 values), the utility of morphologic MRI, and the quantitative MRI techniques of T1rho , T2 , and T2 * mapping, to evaluate subjects with traumatic knee injuries, such as ACL rupture. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 99. Goldman AB, DiCarlo EF. Pigmented villonodular synovitis. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Radiol Clin North Am. 1988;26(6):1327-1347. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To describe pigmented villonodular synovitis and outline characteristics that distinguish it from other diseases. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 100. Klompmaker J, Veth RP, Robinson PH, Molenaar WM, Nielsen HK. Pigmented villonodular synovitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1990;109(4):205-210. |
Review/Other-Tx |
18 patients |
To describe 18 patients suffering from localized or diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis including their symptoms and therapeutic results. |
No results stated in abstract. |
4 |
| 101. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction. Available at: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Appropriateness-Criteria/RadiationDoseAssessmentIntro.pdf. |
Review/Other-Dx |
N/A |
To provide evidence-based guidelines on exposure of patients to ionizing radiation. |
No abstract available. |
4 |
